Journal of invertebrate pathology最新文献

{"title":"South American invertebrate pathology: An editorial for the special issue","authors":"Florencia Cremonte ,&nbsp;Nuria Vázquez ,&nbsp;Jamie Bojko","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>South America has extraordinary biodiversity, with an immense variety of invertebrate species playing a critical role in ecosystems. Molluscs and crustaceans support fisheries and aquaculture worldwide, but their populations are increasingly threatened by pathogens. Understanding host-parasite interactions is essential for managing disease outbreaks and ensuring the sustainability of both natural ecosystems and aquaculture systems. Bivalves, gastropods and crustaceans are hosts to numerous lineages of parasites, highlighting the interactions that shape ecological dynamics and influence both conservation efforts and disease management strategies.</div><div>This special issue presents a range of studies pertaining to invertebrate pathology from the South American region, including viral, protozoan and metazoan diseases across a wide range of host species. It also explores advances in pathology, immunology, genomics, phylogenetic and ecological associations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitin-amended media: Improving efficacy of Cordyceps fumosorosea as a control agent of Cydia pomonella","authors":"Nushrat Harun Antara,&nbsp;Dietrich Stephan","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microbial control of insect pests such as the codling moth <em>Cydia pomonella</em> is a major challenge in the apple industry. This study investigates the potential of chitin-amended media to improve the efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus <em>Cordyceps fumosorosea</em> strain JKI-BI-1496 for control of <em>C. pomonella</em>. Chitin, a key component of insect exoskeletons, colloidal chitin (CC) or chitosan were added in two concentrations to the liquid growth media. Only by the amendment of 0.5 % chitosan significant higher numbers of spores were formed whereas the highest biomass was achieved by amendment of chitin. Spores produced in chitosan had no significant effect on the mortality of <em>C. pomonella</em>. But media containing 1 % colloidal chitin (CC) significantly enhanced the efficacy of <em>C. fumosorosea.</em> To achieve 75 % mortality only 1.6 × 10⁷ submerged spores/mL were needed in comparison of over four times higher concentrations in media without CC or chitin. However, while 1 % CC positively impacted spore viability during the freeze-drying formulation process, it had a detrimental effect on the fungus’s resilience under prolonged sunlight exposure. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing media and formulations to enhance the effectiveness of <em>C. fumosorosea</em> in biological control, particularly by improving spore production and formulation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 108296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The bacterial symbionts of Entomopathogenic nematodes and their role in symbiosis and pathogenesis","authors":"S. Patricia Stock ,&nbsp;Selçuk Hazir","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entomopathogenic bacteria in the genera <em>Xenorhabdus</em> and <em>Photorhabdus</em> are mutualistically associated with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) <em>Steinernema</em> and <em>Heterorhabditis</em>, respectively. Together they form an insecticidal partnership which has been shown to kill a wide range of insect species. The spectrum of dependence in this symbiotic partnership is diverse, ranging from a tight, obligate relationship to a facultative one. A body of evidence suggests that the reproductive fitness of the nematode-bacterium partnership is tightly associated and interdependent. Furthermore, maintenance of their virulence is also critical to the conversion of the insect host as a suitable environment where this partnership can be perpetuated. Disruption of the symbiotic partnership can have detrimental effects on the fitness of both partners. The nematode-bacterial symbiont-insect partnership represents a model system in ecology and evolutionary biology and amenable to investigate beneficial and antagonistic interactions between invertebrates and microbes. Furthermore, the EPN’s bacterial symbionts are also viewed as a model system to study the biosynthesis, structure and function of various natural products. Their ability to produce up to 25 different natural product classes is outstanding among the Morganellaceae. These natural products show biological activity, most likely originating from important functions during the life cycle of both the nematodes and their symbionts. Tools and high throughput technologies have been developed to identify ubiquitous and rare molecules and study their function and assess their potential as novel biological activities. We herein summarize the symbiotic relationship between EPN and their bacterial symbionts, focusing on their fitness and their ability to successfully access and utilize an insect host. We also recapitulate the history of natural products research highlighting recent findings and the synthetic biology approaches that are currently implemented to identify non-natural derivatives from <em>Xenorhabdus</em> and <em>Photorhabdus</em> with improved biological activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 108295"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification a novel syntaxin-like protein from silkworm Bombyx mori pathogen Nosema bombycis and characteristics its membrane fusion function","authors":"Liuyi Hong ,&nbsp;Qing Lv ,&nbsp;Hongjie Liao ,&nbsp;Zhengkai Xie ,&nbsp;Maoping Shao ,&nbsp;Yuanyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuqing Chen ,&nbsp;Guoqing Pan ,&nbsp;Mengxian Long ,&nbsp;Zeyang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pebrine is a serious disease of the silkworm, <em>Bombyx mori</em>, caused by the first identified microsporidium <em>Nosema bombycis</em>, which is an obligate parasitic single-celled eukaryote. The pathogen can spread both horizontally and vertically, severely affecting sericulture. SNARE proteins mainly mediate the transport of vesicles and membrane fusion, playing a key role in the biological processes. The microsporidium is known to have a well-developed membrane system, especially the polaroplast which occupies most of the volume of mature spores. In order to explore the function of microsporidian SNARE protein, the transcription and subcellular localization characteristics of a novel Syntaxin-like protein (NbSTX-like) from <em>N. bombycis</em> that had a conserved <em>t</em>-SNARE motif were analyzed. In the different development stages of <em>N. bombycis</em>, the NbSTX-like expressed in the nucleus of meronts, then transited to the cytoplasm in the sporonts, gradually gathered at the two ends of the sporoblasts, and finally concentrated at the polaroplast, posterior vacuole and plasma membrane region of mature spores. Interestingly, the rNbSTX-like protein could fuse liposomes to form large vesicular and tubular structures. The formation of sporoplasms was inhibited by the anti-NbSTX-like serum, implying that NbSTX-like protein participated in sporoplasm maturation. These findings laid a foundation for studying the function of SNARE proteins in microsporidia and provided new insights for the prevention and control of sericulture pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 108292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of a new microsporidium, Neoflabelliforma leuchtenbergianum n. sp. from the adipose tissue of Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum (Crustacea: Sididae) in China","authors":"Chuanzheng Yang ,&nbsp;Mei Cao ,&nbsp;Chang Wang ,&nbsp;Xunbo Miao ,&nbsp;Chenxi Zhang ,&nbsp;Rulin Chen ,&nbsp;Jingrong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Meiqi Weng ,&nbsp;Xingqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study describes a new microsporidian species from the adipose tissue of <em>Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum</em> collected from a eutrophic water body of Lianyungang city, Jiangsu province, China. Infected cladocerans exhibited opacity due to the accumulation of numerous spores in the adipose tissue. The earliest stages observed were uninucleate meronts which were in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm. Multinucleate sporogonial plasmodia underwent plasmotomy to form uninucleate sporoblasts. Mature spores were ovoid, monokaryotic, and measured 4.80 ± 0.37 (4.09–5.23) µm in length and 2.64 ± 0.15 (2.34–3.01) µm in width. The polaroplast was bipartite with the tightly packed anterior lamellae and posterior tubules. The isofilar polar filament coiled in 9–10 turns and arranged in 2–3 rows. The exospore was covered with tubular projections and consisted of four layers. Phylogenetic analysis based on the SSU rDNA sequence indicated that the present species clustered with two <em>Neoflabelliforma</em> species (<em>N. dubium</em> from freshwater oligochaetes and <em>N. aurantiae</em> from freshwater daphnia) and an unidentified microsporidium from soil with high support values to form a solitary branch in microsporidia. Based on the morphological characteristics, ultrastructural features, and SSU rDNA-inferred phylogeny, a new species was named as <em>Neoflabelliforma leuchtenbergianum</em> n. sp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 108294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of a microsporidian parasite in different social forms of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in its native range in Argentina","authors":"Marina S. Ascunce ,&nbsp;Luis Calcaterra ,&nbsp;DeWayne Shoemaker","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We surveyed 559 colonies of the fire ant <em>Solenopsis invicta</em> in 15 sites in its native range in Argentina for the microsporidian parasite <em>Kneallhazia solenopsae</em>, a natural enemy of this ant. The microsporidium was detected in 20 out of 508 monogyne and nine out of 51 polygyne colonies corresponding to mean infection prevalences of 3.31% and 13.68%, respectively. In the USA, previous studies have shown that <em>K. solenopsae</em> prevalence in the polygyne social form is variable, and as high as 100% in certain sites, whereas infections in the monogyne social form in the USA are rare. In this study, we found that the <em>K. solenopsae</em> genetic variant in the USA is genetically different from the variants identified in the native range, supporting the idea that the USA variant may only infect polygyne colonies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 108288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and functional analysis of the small heat shock protein HSP19.5 in Bombyx mori in response to Nosema bombycis infection","authors":"Zhenghao Han ,&nbsp;Shidong Jiang ,&nbsp;Jingxian Xie ,&nbsp;Ibouanga Sama Lucreche Poupina ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Mo ,&nbsp;Li Sui ,&nbsp;Ping Qian ,&nbsp;Xudong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are molecular chaperones known for their role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and protecting cells from various environmental stresses. This study focuses on the silkworm small heat shock protein HSP19.5 and its potential functions in the context of <em>Nosema bombycis</em> infection, a microsporidian pathogen causing severe disease in the sericulture industry. We cloned and characterized <em>HSP19.5</em> and revealed its expression patterns in different silkworm tissues and developmental stages. Our results indicate that <em>HSP19.5</em> expression is significantly up-regulated in response to <em>N. bombycis</em> infection, suggesting a role in the host stress response. Through a series of experiments, including RNA interference and overexpression analyses, we demonstrated that HSP19.5 promotes <em>N. bombycis</em> proliferation, possibly by inhibiting host cell apoptosis and regulating intracellular ROS levels. The cytoplasmic localization of HSP19.5 in silkworm cells is consistent with its function as a molecular chaperone. The results enhance our understanding of the complex host-pathogen interactions between silkworms and <em>N. bombycis</em>, and provides insights that may inform the development of novel strategies to control the pebrine disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 108289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus thuringiensis-derived pesticidal proteins toxic to the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci","authors":"Clebson S. Tavares ,&nbsp;Xinyue Wang ,&nbsp;Saptarshi Ghosh,&nbsp;Ruchir Mishra,&nbsp;Bryony C. Bonning","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The whitefly, <em>Bemisia tabaci</em>, is among the most important threats to global agriculture and food security. In addition to losses associated with feeding, <em>B. tabaci</em> vectors hundreds of plant viruses, many of which cause severe disease in staple food crops. The management of <em>B. tabaci</em> is confounded by extensive resistance to chemical insecticides. While pesticidal proteins derived from entomopathogenic bacteria such as <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (Bt) could provide for alternative management approaches, only one pesticidal protein with toxicity to <em>B. tabaci</em> has been identified. Here we screened 11 Bt-derived pesticidal proteins from several different structural classes against the highly invasive, Middle East-Asian Minor 1 (MEAM1) cryptic species of <em>B. tabaci</em>, and assessed the impact of a <em>B. tabaci</em>-active protein on the gut epithelial membrane by transmission electron microscopy. The pesticidal proteins were expressed in Bt or in <em>Escherichia coli</em> and purified for use in bioassays. The toxicity of purified proteins was first assessed by feeding adults on a single dose followed by lethal concentration (LC₅₀) determination for proteins with significant mortality relative to the buffer control. The proteins Tpp78Aa1, Tpp78Ba1, and Cry1Ca were toxic to <em>B. tabaci</em> with LC₅₀ values of 99, 96, and 351 µg/mL, respectively. Disruption of the brush border and severe reduction in microvilli on the gut surface caused by Tpp78Aa1 is consistent with the mode of action of Bt-derived pesticidal proteins. These proteins may provide valuable tools for the integrated management of <em>B. tabaci</em> populations and associated reduced incidence of <em>B. tabaci</em> vectored plant viral diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 108291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and detection of known and new viruses in larvae of laboratory-reared fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda","authors":"Leonardo A. da Silva ,&nbsp;Brenda R. de Camargo ,&nbsp;Andrews A.F.M.S. Fisch ,&nbsp;Bráulio Santos ,&nbsp;Daniel M.P. Ardisson-Araújo ,&nbsp;Bergmann M. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fall armyworm (FAW), <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>, is a significant pest that causes economic losses worldwide. Many companies and research centers rear FAW to produce their microbiological-based products, such as viruses that target FAW. Nevertheless, colonies are vulnerable to collapsing, mainly due to uncontrolled and unexpected viral infections. In this work, dead FAWs exhibiting signs of viral infection were collected from unsuccessful attempts to propagate a baculovirus at a baculovirus production facility in Brazil. Total RNA was extracted and used to construct a cDNA library that was sequenced. The results showed the presence of five viruses, including three RNA viruses (alphanodavirus, rhabdovirus, and iflavirus) and two DNA viruses (densovirus and alphabaculovirus). To confirm the presence of the identified viruses in laboratory-reared FAWs, ten individual larvae from four accredited laboratories in Brazil were analyzed by RT-PCR with specific primers for each virus identified by sequencing, except the alphabaculovirus. Alphanodavirus and rhabdovirus were not detected in any of the four tested colonies, whereas the iflavirus was detected in two laboratories. A putative new densovirus was found in all samples. Accurate identification and timely detection of viruses that could disrupt the health of laboratory-reared insect colonies are crucial to ensure the production of high-quality biological products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 108290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a Snf7-domain-containing protein that exhibits high affinity and synergistic activity for Cry13Aa1 toxin in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus","authors":"Yajie Guo ,&nbsp;Lulu Huang ,&nbsp;Hang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Yanyue Zhou ,&nbsp;Yunzhu Sun ,&nbsp;Mingqing Weng ,&nbsp;Songqing Wu ,&nbsp;Chunlan Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jip.2025.108279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pine wilt disease, caused by the pinewood nematode <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em> (Rhabditida: Aphelenchoididae), results in significant global economic and ecological impacts. Although the Cry13Aa1 toxin from <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> shows nematicidal activity, its mechanism of action against <em>B. xylophilus</em> remains unclear. This study aimed to identify and characterize the receptors for Cry13Aa1 in <em>B. xylophilus</em>. We cloned the cDNAs encoding an Snf7 domain-containing protein (<em>Bx</em>Snf7) from <em>B. xylophilus</em>. Far-western blot analysis revealed a specific binding interaction between <em>Bx</em>Snf7 and Cry13Aa1, showing a dissociation constant (<em>K</em>_d) of 20.8 ± 4.2 nM. Interestingly, bioassay results indicated that silencing <em>BxSnf7</em> increased the susceptibility of nematodes to Cry13Aa1 at higher concentrations, although the difference was not statistically significant. Besides, the combined application of <em>Bx</em>Snf7 with Cry13Aa1 significantly enhanced nematicidal mortality (95.9 %) after 24 h of treatment, which higher than the expected mortality (42.8 %) (χ² = 16.118, <em>P</em> = 0.048), indicating that the exogenous <em>Bx</em>Snf7 synergistically enhances the activity of Cry13Aa1 toxin. These findings identify <em>Bx</em>Snf7 as a novel Cry13Aa1 binding protein and reveal a unique mechanism by which <em>Bx</em>Snf7 synergistically enhances the activity of Cry13Aa1. However, <em>Bx</em>Snf7 does not function as the primary receptor, and further research is needed to investigate its role in modulating nematode susceptibility to Cry13Aa1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16296,"journal":{"name":"Journal of invertebrate pathology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 108279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}