Journal of Interpersonal Violence最新文献

{"title":"Testing Comparability of Gender Bullying Victimization Assessments Through a Latent Class Approach.","authors":"María-Del-Carmen Navarro-González, José-Luis Padilla, Álvaro Postigo","doi":"10.1177/08862605251325926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605251325926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bullying is a social and health problem that requires appropriate interventions based on valid and fair evaluations of bullying experiences. The validity of interpretations of bullying victimization scores can be compromised by measurement artifacts or biases that may arise during the assessment process. Boys' and girls' bullying experiences could lead to differences in their response processes when they answer the bullying scale items and compromise validity if such differences come from measurement artifacts. The study is intended to illustrate how to obtain validity evidence of response processes for the <i>Students' Experience of Being Bullied Scale</i> from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 Student Questionnaire and test measurement invariance across gender by latent class analysis (LCA). The sample was taken from the PISA 2018 study and consisted of 11,599 Spanish high school students (50.3% female, 49.7% male). Response patterns were examined through LCA. Four profiles were found: (a) <i>Not Bullied</i>, (b) <i>Bullied (All Types)</i>, (c) <i>Relational Bullying</i>, and (d) <i>Potential Friendly Teasing</i>. Measurement invariance across gender was analyzed by a multigroup LCA. LCA results do not guarantee equivalence of measurements. Class prevalence per group and a multinomial logistic regression were calculated to further examine gender differences across latent classes. Boys were more likely to belong to the <i>Bullied (All Types)</i> class and the <i>Potential Friendly Teasing</i> class, whereas girls were more likely to belong to the <i>Relational Bullying</i> class. These findings illustrate the possibilities LCA can offer to provide validity evidence of response processes and suggest that different bullying experiences of girls and boys could compromise the fairness and validity of comparative interpretations of test scores, which is an important issue to address to develop bias-free classroom interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"8862605251325926"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Interplay of Interpersonal Violence, Smoking, and Alcohol Consumption in Brazilian Adults: Evidence from a National Health Survey.","authors":"Eduardo Paixão da Silva, Raimunda Hermelinda Maia Macena, Larissa Fortunato Araújo","doi":"10.1177/08862605251326074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605251326074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interpersonal violence (IV) in adulthood seems to be related to alcoholism and smoking. However, whether it reflects differently by gender and the frequency of exposure to these outcomes remains largely unexplored, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate associations of acute and chronic IV exposure (physical, psychological, and sexual) with binge drinking and smoking, separately for men and women adults. Cross-sectional study, enrolled 72.597 participants, aged 18 to 64, from the Brazilian National Health Survey (NHS). The explanatory variables of interest were physical, sexual, and psychological exposure to IV in the last 12 months, whether once or some/many times. The dependent variables were binge drinking and smoking. The magnitudes of associations and their confidence Interval of 95% between each exposure and outcome were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance. Sequential adjustments were made for age, race/skin color, marital status and sexual orientation, education, and income. After adjustment for all covariates, men exposed to physical, psychological (both once or some/many times), and sexual violence (only once) were associated with binge drinking and smoking (<i>p</i> < .05). Further, women exposed to any form of violence, whether once or some/many times, were associated with binge drinking (<i>p</i> < .05). However, remained related to smoking women exposed to physical (both once or some/many times) and psychological violence (only some/many times) (<i>p</i> < .05). Interestingly, any frequency of sexual violence remained not associated with smoking. Women's higher exposure to violence is strongly linked to binge drinking, particularly in cases of physical and psychological violence. Men exposed to violence also exhibit significant associations with binge drinking and smoking. These findings emphasize the complex interplay of gender, violence, and public health challenges in Brazil.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"8862605251326074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hidden Problem: Verbal Sexual Abuse in Higher Education from a Linguistic Perspective.","authors":"Yusri, Ainul Mu'minin, Gunawan, Clarissa Anggita Karangan, Sarfina, Andi Muhammad Thoriq, Sultan","doi":"10.1177/08862605251326077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605251326077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of various forms of verbal sexual abuse among students in higher education. Specifically, the study seeks to explore the linguistic features and types of utterances used in verbal sexual abuse and to examine how male and female students perceive such abuse. A mixed-methods design was employed, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative component involved the use of discourse analysis to analyze texts, pictures, and symbols containing instances of verbal sexual abuse. Meanwhile, the quantitative component employed a survey approach to understand how students in higher education perceive such abuse. Data were collected from 30 students who had experienced verbal sexual abuse through both spoken words and social media. In addition, a survey was conducted among 317 students in Indonesia to collect data on their responses to different forms of verbal sexual abuse. The findings of the study suggest that verbal sexual abuse experienced by students can be classified into three forms: vulgar discussions, sexual gestures, and seductive whistles, with vulgar discussions being the most prevalent form of such abuse. The perpetrators of verbal sexual abuse were found to employ specific linguistic features and symbols. The study also revealed that perpetrators of verbal sexual abuse most frequently used assertive and expressive utterances. In addition, the study highlighted significant differences in the perceptions of male and female students concerning verbal sexual abuse. The study's findings have potential implications, particularly in the development of programs aimed at preventing verbal sexual abuse among students in higher education settings. A deeper understanding of the various forms of verbal sexual abuse can help raise students' awareness and concerns about avoiding such behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"8862605251326077"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We Need Olivia Benson: College Student and Employee Perspectives on Norms and Beliefs About Sexual Violence","authors":"Arielle A. J. Scoglio, Laksana Rachman, Ariel Hyunseo Kim, Susan B. Marine","doi":"10.1177/08862605251325924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605251325924","url":null,"abstract":"Rape culture in higher education is a term used to describe an environment in which sexual violence is accepted or tolerated as part of campus life. Prior exploration of rape culture has largely focused on sexual violence among and against students, although limited work has examined perspectives of university employees. This qualitative study sought to further identify cultural norms and beliefs in college settings which college students and employees suggest increase or reduce the risk of sexual violence on campus. In addition, the current study expands prior work by including perspectives from multiple stakeholders in the campus community: students, faculty, and staff. Our analysis included four focus groups (total <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 35, including 17 students and 18 faculty and staff) from one university in the Northeastern United States. Each group had 2 facilitators, 8 to 10 participants, and lasted approximately 1 hr. Audio recordings of the focus groups were transcribed and analyzed through thematic analysis. Three main themes and several subthemes were identified: cultural risk factors for sexual violence (substance use, misogyny, dismissal/silence, institutional indifference), expanding accountability (bringing perpetrators to justice, holding individuals and institutions tasked with stopping sexual violence accountable, and holding peers liable for their behavior), and stigma reduction (activism and clear disclosure channels for community members). Findings have implications for future research and for prevention and response efforts around sexual violence on higher education campuses. This work highlights the role of all types of community members in shaping campus culture and specific strategies that may contribute to the demolition of rape culture.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voices Behind the Chair: Training Needs in Addressing Sex Trafficking and Intimate Partner Violence Among Indiana Salon Professionals","authors":"Alexandra T. Hughes-Wegner, Evan G. Coblentz, Ashton Z. Allen, Lily Renke, Hope Zickmund, Elizabeth A. Freudenthal, Sophia E. Yohman, Andrea L. DeMaria, Kathryn C. Seigfried-Spellar","doi":"10.1177/08862605251325927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605251325927","url":null,"abstract":"Human trafficking, encompassing sex trafficking and forced labor, is a global issue often linked with intimate partner violence (IPV). Existing support systems for these vulnerable populations remain insufficient. This study explores the pivotal role of salon professionals within communities as trusted figures, aiming to develop targeted programs that empower them to prevent and respond to violence among their clients effectively. Written responses from 334 salon professionals across Indiana who completed a web-based survey were analyzed for demographic data, experiences with violence victims, and preferences for intervention training. Thematic analysis of open-ended survey responses provided nuanced insights into professionals’ perspectives on intervention strategies and direct encounters with violence victims. Narrative analysis revealed four main themes: salon professionals’ encounters with victims of IPV, salon professionals’ encounters with victims of sex trafficking, proposed intervention strategies, including awareness campaigns and partnerships with support organizations, and strong support for mandatory training to enhance their ability to assist victims effectively. Findings indicate high awareness among participants of encountering victims of IPV (91.3%) and sex trafficking (88.3%) in their salons. Professionals demonstrated varied approaches to identifying and intervening with victims, highlighting the need for enhanced communication and intervention skills training. Participants overwhelmingly supported mandatory training initiatives, emphasizing the importance of creating safe environments and collaborating with law enforcement and support organizations to assist victims effectively. Salon professionals are crucial frontline responders in identifying and addressing violence, advocating for enhanced training in communication and client assistance protocols. Collaboration with law enforcement and community organizations is essential for effective victim support. Implementing these insights into policy can empower salon professionals to enhance client safety and strengthen societal responses to violence and exploitation, necessitating stakeholder action to support these recommendations.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First 72 Hours After Child Sexual Assault: Reporting Children, Young People, and Mothers’ Experiences of Police, Hospital, and Psychosocial Care in Victoria","authors":"Caroline Whitehouse, Peter McKenzie, Carmel Hobbs","doi":"10.1177/08862605251324962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605251324962","url":null,"abstract":"In Victoria, Australia, children who are reported to authorities to have experienced very recent sexual assault routinely undergo a forensic medical examination and receive psychosocial care. There is very little known about how children and their families experience this process and whether current practices are meeting their needs. This study seeks to understand these experiences by undertaking a thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with 10 children/young people (aged between 4 and 16) and 8 mothers ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 18). The study draws on constructivist grounded theory methodology and incorporates the contextual-embedded perspective of the clinician/researcher. The study identified three stages participants navigated in the hours following the assault: (a) reaching out for help, (b) hospital processes and procedures, and (c) discharge. Nested within these stages, five key themes emerged: confusion, distress, and minimization when reporting; valuing a caring presence; feeling exposed, vulnerable, and ashamed; being lost in space and time; and going home alone. The need for a sensitive, trauma-informed, accessible, and consistent response to acute sexual assault is discussed; one that acknowledges the experiences and centralizes the priorities and psychosocial needs of the child and their family.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensional Structure of Parent–Child Emotion Dialogues in Families Exposed to Interpersonal Violence: Associations with Internalizing, Externalizing and Trauma Symptoms","authors":"J. C. de Schipper, M. M. Overbeek, M. H. M. de Moor","doi":"10.1177/08862605251322812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605251322812","url":null,"abstract":"The way in which parents discuss children’s past emotional events with them is associated with various outcomes in children, such as emotion regulation skills and behavior problems. For children growing up with adverse experiences such as witnessing domestic violence, it is particularly important to understand the link between emotion dialogues and child functioning, because parents’ guidance in dialogues about emotional events may be hampered or suboptimal. Previous studies on parent–child emotion dialogues using the Autobiographical Emotional Events Dialogues (AEED) measure usually focused on composite scores, failing to take into account the various aspects of parent–child emotion dialogues. Therefore, we examined (a) whether a multidimensional structure in the 16 quality rating scales of the AEED can be found in two samples of trauma-exposed and nonexposed parent–child dyads ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 234, child age 4–13 years), (b) whether the identified dimensions predict child internalizing, externalizing and trauma symptoms. Principal components analyses showed multidimensionality in emotion dialogues with two factors that replicated across samples, labeled sensitive guidance &amp; child cooperation and closure/resolution. Regression analyses showed that closure/resolution predicted fewer internalizing symptoms. When dyads ended dialogues about children feeling sad, scared, or angry in a more constructive way, children showed fewer internalizing symptoms. Sensitive guidance &amp; child cooperation predicted less externalizing and trauma symptoms in children. Our study suggests that the degree of positive closure of a dialogue about negative emotions might be a specific aspect of parent–child emotion dialogue related to child outcomes that might have potential clinical relevance.","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Trajectories of Peer Violence Experiences and Their Association with Gender Norms and Agency Among Adolescents: Evidence from China, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Indonesia.","authors":"Astha Ramaiya, Mengmeng Li, Chunyan Yu, Aimée Lulebo, Anggriyani W Pinandari, Jhumka Gupta, Michelle R Kaufman, Bushra Sabri, Shoshanna Fine, Sam Beckwith","doi":"10.1177/08862605251324966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605251324966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examine peer violence trajectories among a purposive sample of urban poor adolescents over 3 years in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC); Shanghai, China, and Bandar Lampung, Denpasar, and Semarang, Indonesia. We examine peer violence experiences over time and seek to understand the relationship between gender norm perceptions and personal agency on peer violence experiences. A longitudinal (wave 1-3) panel was used from the three study sites outlined above (<i>n</i> = 6,660). Adolescents were purposefully selected if they were 10 to 14 years old at wave 1 and living in urban poor communities. A repeated measure latent class analysis was used to parameterize peer violence experiences over time. Next, we conducted multinomial logistic regression models to examine the relationship between gender norms perceptions and agency (personal attribute of empowerment) with peer violence class membership. A five-class model was best fitting across all sites with four consistent classes: \"low peer violence\" (experienced by most); \"declining violence\"; \"peaks in middle\"; and \"consistently high violence.\" In the three cities in Indonesia and Kinshasa, DRC, there was an \"increasing violence\" class, and in Shanghai, China, there was a \"high emotional victimization\" class. In general, more endorsement of unequal gender norms and higher agency were associated with greater relative risk of any violence victimization and/or perpetration versus the low violence class membership. However, associations between gender norm perceptions and agency on peer violence trajectories differed within and between sites. These results compel programs to understand and address the underlying beliefs that promote peer violence. Longitudinal trends of chronic offenders extenuate the need to include family- and community-level interventions to prevent and mitigate the effects of peer violence. Additionally, there is a need to address social and structural determinants such as gender and power to promote lifelong health free of injury and violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"8862605251324966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Interpersonal Childhood Adversities and Later Life Depressive Symptoms.","authors":"Wenxing Wei, Aloen L Townsend","doi":"10.1177/08862605251325913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605251325913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is very little research on the relationship between interpersonal adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms in later adulthood in China. This study examines gender differences in the relationships between childhood physical abuse, bullying victimization, witnessing domestic violence, and depressive symptoms in Chinese middle-aged and older adults, controlling for self-rated physical health and sociodemographic characteristics.The study was based on a nationally representative sample of 4,775 males and 5,596 females aged 45 and older collected through the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Childhood adversity indicators in the 2014 Life History Survey were merged with the harmonized 2018 CHARLS dataset. Structural equation modeling was conducted for males and females simultaneously.Physical abuse was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms for either males or females. However, bullying victimization was significantly associated with depressive symptoms for both males and females. This association was stronger for males compared to females, but the gender difference was not statistically significant. Additionally, witnessing domestic violence had a significant association with depressive symptoms for both males and females, with a stronger association for females but this gender difference also was not statistically significant.Being bullied and witnessing domestic violence were still influential in middle and late life. To provide more effective prevention and interventions, further investigations are needed regarding the mechanisms behind the significant relationships and to explore why childhood physical abuse was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms among these Chinese participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"8862605251325913"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Internet Gaming Disorder Associated with Trauma and Stress? Testing the Trauma Model of Addiction Among Young Adults.","authors":"Hong Wang Fung, Guangzhe Frank Yuan, Caimeng Liu, Henry Wai-Hang Ling, Colin A Ross, Vincent Wan Ping Lee, Stanley Kam Ki Lam, Janet Yuen-Ha Wong","doi":"10.1177/08862605251325933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605251325933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a growing public health concern, with longitudinal studies linking it to a range of negative outcomes, including psychological distress and poor academic achievements. While the trauma model has been applied to other addictive behaviors, little is known about the relationship between childhood trauma, trauma-related symptoms, and IGD symptoms. This preliminary study investigated whether childhood betrayal trauma would have a stronger relationship with IGD symptoms than non-betrayal trauma and whether IGD symptoms would be associated with interpersonal stress and trauma-related symptoms. A regionally diverse, predominantly female sample of English-speaking young adults aged 18 to 24 (<i>N</i> = 283) completed validated standardized measures. We found that IGD symptoms were associated with childhood non-betrayal trauma (β = .225, <i>p</i> < .001) and interpersonal stress (β = .214, <i>p</i> < .001) but not with childhood betrayal trauma and post-traumatic and dissociative symptoms. While the results should be interpreted with caution because of the limitations of this study, it extends the application of the trauma model of addiction to the context of IGD. Our study underscores the universal importance of child protection and early interventions for childhood trauma survivors in the prevention of addictive behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16289,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence","volume":" ","pages":"8862605251325933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}