Journal of insect physiology最新文献

{"title":"Cuticular nitrogen economy during development in the cockroach Cryptocercus punctulatus and the termite Neotermes jouteli","authors":"D.E. Mullins ,&nbsp;C.A. Nalepa ,&nbsp;A.J. Mullins ,&nbsp;S.E. Gabbert","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of nitrogen during insect development and reproduction is key in the success of a species, and is of primary importance in wood feeding taxa. Based on comparison of xylophagous, one-piece termites to the termite sister group, subsocial wood-feeding cockroaches in the genus <em>Cryptocercus</em>, it has been proposed that the evolution of termite eusociality involved a fundamental shift in nitrogen allocation strategies. <em>Cryptocercus</em> exhibits a nitrogen storage economy, with individuals gradually increasing in size and cuticular density over a years-long developmental period. Termites, however, remain in a juvenilized morphotype with minimal investment into cuticle, suggesting that nitrogen is conserved and circulated according to the needs of the colony via behaviors such as trophallaxis and cannibalism. We examined the nitrogen economy of <em>Cryptocercus punctulatus</em> and the dampwood termite <em>Neotermes jouteli</em>, focusing on cuticular nitrogen investment during development and exuvial nitrogen losses resulting from molting. <em>Cryptocercus</em> progressively changes from a pale, thin, soft cuticle at hatch to a dark, thick, heavily sclerotized cuticle in adults; increases in N/mg cuticle and the quantity of cuticular catecholamines are correlated with these ontogenetic color changes. There were significant differences in the nitrogen content of two successive age classes of early stage juveniles and in their discarded exuvia at molt. Soldier and alate castes of <em>N. jouteli</em> exhibited the highest sclerotization/melanization indices; pseudergates had levels comparable to those measured in Class I (3rd and 4th instar) juveniles of <em>C. punctulatus.</em> Exuvia of <em>N. jouteli</em> contained 0.19 μgN/mg, while exuvia of approximately two- and three-year-old <em>C. punctulatus</em> had 72.9 and 82.6 μgN/mg, respectively. Our data support the hypothesis that the evolution of termite eusociality from subsocial cockroach ancestors was rooted in chronic fitness limitations imposed by their low nitrogen diet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 104745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wolbachia infection modifies phloem feeding behavior but not plant virus transmission by a hemipteran host","authors":"Gina M. Angelella,&nbsp;Jillian J. Foutz,&nbsp;Joanna Galindo-Schuller","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Wolbachia</em>-infected and uninfected subpopulations of beet leafhoppers, <em>Circulifer tenellus</em> (Baker) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), co-occur in the Columbia Basin region of Washington and Oregon. While facultative endosymbionts such as <em>Hamiltonella defensa</em> have demonstrably altered feeding/probing behavior in hemipteran hosts, the behavioral phenotypes conferred by <em>Wolbachia</em> to its insect hosts, including feeding/probing, are largely understudied. We studied the feeding/probing behavior of beet leafhoppers with and without <em>Wolbachia</em> using electropenetrography, along with corresponding inoculation rates of beet curly top virus, a phloem-limited plant pathogen vectored by beet leafhoppers. Insects carrying the virus with and without <em>Wolbachia</em> were individually recorded for four hours while interacting with a potato plant, and wavelengths annotated following established conventions. Virus inoculation rates and the duration of phloem salivation events did not vary. <em>Wolbachia</em>-infected insects more than tripled the duration of phloem ingestion, but despite this, <em>Wolbachia</em> infection was linked with marginally lower, not enhanced, acquisition. Regardless, results suggest potential for <em>Wolbachia</em> to increase the acquisition rate of other phloem-limited plant pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 104746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autophagy in the retina affects photoreceptor synaptic plasticity and behavior","authors":"Aleksandra Tyszka ,&nbsp;Kornel Szypulski ,&nbsp;Elzbieta Pyza,&nbsp;Milena Damulewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The visual system is a sensory system which is sensitive to light and detects photic stimuli. It plays many important functions, such as vision, circadian clock entrainment and regulation of sleep-wake behavior. The interconnection between the visual system and clock network is precisely regulated. The outer layer of the visual system called the retina, is composed of opsin-based photoreceptors that, in addition to visual information, provide photic information for the circadian clock, which in turn, regulates daily rhythms, such as activity and sleep patterns. The retina houses its own circadian oscillators (belonging to peripheral oscillators), however, they are also controlled by the main clock (pacemaker). Photoreceptor cells show many clock and light-dependent rhythms, such as the rhythms in synaptic plasticity or rhodopsin turnover, but their precise regulation is still not completely understood. In this study, we provided evidence that one of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of retinal rhythms is autophagy. We showed that autophagy is rhythmic in photoreceptors, with a specific daily pattern of autophagosome levels in different cells. Moreover, our data suggest that rhythmic autophagy-dependent degradation of the presynaptic protein Bruchpilot or photosensitive rhodopsin is involved in the regulation of daily rhythms observed in the retina. In effect, autophagy disruption in the photoreceptors, which affects photic signal transmission to the main clock neurons, causes changes in sleep level and pattern.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 104741"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of the immune deficiency pathway (IMD) reduces the mosquito heart rate via a nitric oxide-based mechanism","authors":"Tania Y. Estévez-Lao,&nbsp;Lindsay E. Martin,&nbsp;Julián F. Hillyer","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The immune deficiency pathway (IMD) is an important component of the antibacterial, antimalarial and antiviral response in mosquitoes. The IMD pathway also drives the infection induced migration of hemocytes to the heart. During an infection, periostial hemocytes kill pathogens in areas of high hemolymph flow and produce nitric oxide that reduces the heart rate. Here, we investigated the consequences of repressing the IMD pathway by silencing the transcription factor, rel2, or activating the pathway by silencing the negative regulator, caspar, in <em>Anopheles gambiae</em>. In uninfected mosquitoes, repression of the IMD pathway does not affect the circulatory system. However, activating the IMD pathway decreases the heart rate, and this correlates with increased transcription and activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), but not increased transcription of the lysozymes, LysC1 or LysC2. In infected mosquitoes, however, activation of the IMD pathway does not affect the heart rate but repression of the pathway decreases the heart rate. This latter phenotype correlates with increased transcription and activity of nitric oxide synthase, which is likely due to an increase in infection intensity. In conclusion, we demonstrate that a major immune signaling pathway that regulates periostial hemocyte aggregation, the IMD pathway, reduces the heart rate via a nitric oxide-based mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 104738"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticotropin-releasing factor-like diuretic hormone 44 and five corresponding GPCRs in Drosophila suzukii: Structural and functional characterization","authors":"Hojung Yoon ,&nbsp;Briana Price ,&nbsp;Ryssa Parks ,&nbsp;Hyo Sang Jang ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hafeez ,&nbsp;Jacob Corcoran ,&nbsp;Seung-Joon Ahn ,&nbsp;Man-Yeon Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diuretic hormones (DHs) activate corresponding G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), mediating the water and ion homeostasis in arthropods. There are two different DHs known to be expressed in insects, calcitonin (CT)-like DH31 and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like DH44. In this study, we identified and characterized a DH44 and five GPCR variants, DH44-R1 and DH44-R2a/b/c/d, in <em>Drosophila suzukii</em> (spotted-wing drosophila), causing detrimental damage to fresh and soft-skinned fruits. Among the five DH44 receptors, DH44-R1 was the longest GPCR and most strongly responded to DH44, and the other DH44-R2 splicing variants were relatively shorter and over 90 % similar to each other. Some DH44-Rs including DH44-R1 utilized both cAMP and Ca²⁺ as second messengers. Interestingly, DH44-R1 was dominantly expressed in the brain, whereas DH44-R2 variants were dominant in the digestive organs, particularly the Malpighian tubules (MTs) by their gene expressions. The results suggest that DH44 may have multiple physiological functions, including the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle and diuretic activity. Injection of DH44 stimulated fluid secretion in adults, and the rate of the excretion increased in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, when the flies were injected with a mixture of DH31 and DH44, a high mortality rate was observed. Here, we demonstrate the gene structures, expressions, characterization of DH44 and five GPCRs, their second messengers, and the effects of DH peptides on the fly. These investigations offer molecular insights into the physiological roles of the DH system and may assist in the fundamental aspects of developing <em>D. suzukii</em> management in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 104740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of temperature and humidity on the survival and hatching response of diapausing and non-diapausing Aedes aegypti eggs","authors":"Sylvia Fischer ,&nbsp;María Sol De Majo ,&nbsp;Cristian Di Battista ,&nbsp;Raúl E. Campos","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In seasonally varying environments, diapause, which is induced by a short photoperiod, favors overwintering of many insects. In Aedine mosquitoes, embryonic diapause is associated with higher survival and resistance to low temperature and humidity. <em>Aedes aegypti</em>, the main vector of dengue and other arboviruses, has recently expanded its distribution towards temperate regions. One of the mechanisms that might have favored this expansion in South America is the ability to induce embryonic diapause. This type of diapause has been recently discovered in populations from Argentina, associated with hatching inhibition and increased amounts of lipids in the eggs. The aim of this study was to assess the four-month survival of diapausing (D) and non-diapausing (ND) eggs stored at different humidity and temperature conditions. Two populations from the temperate region of Argentina were analyzed: one from Buenos Aires (BA), a city with a relatively mild and short winter, and another from San Bernardo (SB), a locality with a harsher and longer winter. For both populations, D and ND eggs were obtained from colonies maintained under 10:14 L:D and 14:10 L:D hours respectively. Eggs were exposed to six different conditions of humidity and temperature for 85 days. After exposure, egg survival and hatching response were analyzed. D eggs showed significantly higher survival at low humidity (both populations), and at medium and high humidity and at low temperatures (SB population). In addition, D eggs showed a significantly lower hatching response at high humidity and low temperatures, and higher proportion of not hatched eggs remaining viable after two immersions under all conditions. D eggs from SB were significantly more tolerant to low temperatures than those from BA. ND eggs from SB were significantly more tolerant to low temperatures, while those from BA were more tolerant to low humidity. Overall, the effect of diapause was a significant increase in the number of not hatched, viable embryos after immersion. Results suggest that the ability of <em>Ae. aegypti</em> to induce egg diapause increases the probability of successful overwintering and further expansion of its distribution range, and as a consequence the risk of arbovirus transmission might increase in temperate areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 104726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Cellular dynamics of host − parasitoid interactions: Insights from the encapsulation process in a partially resistant host” [J. Insect Physiol. 155 (2024) 104646]","authors":"Samuel Gornard,&nbsp;Florence Mougel,&nbsp;Isabelle Germon,&nbsp;Véronique Borday-Birraux,&nbsp;Pascaline Venon,&nbsp;Salimata Drabo,&nbsp;Laure Kaiser","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104711","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 104711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential role of eclosion hormone precursor and receptor genes in desert locust ecdysis","authors":"Lina Verbakel ,&nbsp;Cynthia Lenaerts ,&nbsp;Jerom Vranken ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Marchal ,&nbsp;Jozef Vanden Broeck","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The process of molting represents a critical phase in the life cycle of arthropods, marking periods of growth and development. Central to this process is the eclosion hormone (EH), a neurohormone that plays a pivotal role in initiating and regulating the complex sequence of events leading to successful molting in holometabolan species. Very little information is available in Hemimetabola, which display a different kind of development characterized by gradual changes. This paper reports on the identification of the two EH precursors and the EH receptor (EHR), a guanylyl cyclase, in a hemimetabolan pest species, the desert locust, <em>Schistocerca gregaria</em>. Using qRT-PCR, an in-depth profiling study of <em>Schgr</em>-EH-1, −2 and <em>Schgr</em>-EHR transcripts was performed. Silencing of <em>Schgr</em>-EH-1, −2 and <em>Schgr</em>-EHR resulted in lethality at the expected time of ecdysis, thereby showing their crucial role during this process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 104736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A male-killing Spiroplasma endosymbiont has age-mediated impacts on Drosophila endurance and sleep","authors":"Collin J. Horn ,&nbsp;Sissi Yuli ,&nbsp;Jacob A. Berry ,&nbsp;Lien T. Luong","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endosymbiotic bacteria have a wide range of impacts on host physiology, behavior, metabolism, endurance, and mobility. Recent work found some endosymbionts also impact host sleep duration and quality. These effects may increase as flies age and endosymbiont titers increase. We tested the hypothesis that <em>Spiroplasma poulsonni</em> MSRO negatively impacts sleep in <em>Drosophila melanogaster,</em> and this in turn impairs fly endurance. In geotaxis climbing assays (a proxy for endurance), we found that MSRO impacted climbing endurance but in an age-dependent manner. Among younger flies, MSRO+ flies slept significantly less during dark periods (measured by a <em>Drosophila</em> Activity Monitoring System) compared to uninfected flies, but older MSRO+ flies did not show significant differences in amount of sleep compared to uninfected flies in the same cohort. While MSRO status impacted both sleep and endurance of hosts, endosymbiont-mediated sleep deprivation did not directly explain decreases in fly endurance. We discuss these results in the context of endosymbiont comparative biology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 104723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA-34 disrupts border cell migration by targeting Eip74EF in Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"Jingya Xia,&nbsp;Lina Wang,&nbsp;Fengyun Lei,&nbsp;Lu Pan,&nbsp;Lijun Liu,&nbsp;Ping Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104724","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16189,"journal":{"name":"Journal of insect physiology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 104724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}