Journal of Materials Science & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Bulk pH-dependent failure mechanisms of transition metal anodes in seawater electrolysis","authors":"Mengyi Tang, Kaifa Du, Xiang Chen, Jiajun Li, Huayi Yin, Dihua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.066","url":null,"abstract":"Direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production can effectively alleviate freshwater resource constraints, but its anode stability faces severe chloride-induced corrosion. Although alkaline conditions enhance the thermodynamic selectivity of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the corrosion mechanism of chloride under complex bulk pH remains unclear. This study systematically investigates the electrochemical performance and failure mechanisms of four typical transition metal electrodes (FeNi36, 304SS, 316SS, NiFeO<em>_x</em>H<em>_y</em>) in chloride-containing electrolytes at different bulk pH (KOH concentrations, [OH⁻]). The results reveal competition between OER and metal dissolution at the anode, with the dominant pathway strongly dependent on applied potential, bulk pH, and electrode material. The galvanostatic polarization results further demonstrate that anodic failure in chloride-containing media is not a continuous dissolution process, but rather follows an “anodic deposition-mediated abrupt failure” mechanism. Cl⁻ first triggers active metal dissolution, followed by precipitation of dissolved metal ions under high bulk pH. This process is governed by the high-exponential dependence of the solubility product (<em>K</em>_sp) on [OH⁻]. At low bulk pH, precipitation primarily occurs in the electrolyte, forming a dense surface precipitate layer only after severe substrate corrosion. At high pH, precipitation occurs at the electrode interface, rapidly forming a dense passivation layer that causes electrode deactivation. Simultaneously, it is confirmed that the intrinsic corrosion resistance of 316SS (Mo element) and the high OER selectivity of the NiFeO<em>_x</em>H<em>_y</em> catalytic layer effectively extend anode service life. Overall, this study elucidates the critical role of pH in chloride-induced corrosion, providing a theoretical basis for designing highly stable seawater electrolysis anodes.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147681908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable electromagnetic wave management: Structural engineering based on bio-derived graphene hybrid carbon","authors":"Bo Shan, Ruochu Lei, Yifei Yan, Yihao Luan, Bowen Cheng, Yi Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of electromagnetic (EM) technologies necessitates advanced materials for effective electromagnetic waves management. Graphene-based hybridized carbons, derived from sustainable resources, have emerged as frontrunners owing to their exceptional electronic properties and eco-friendly lifecycle. This review systematically charts the recent breakthroughs in tailoring these materials for superior microwave absorption. The pivotal role of multi-scale structural engineering is highlighted, ranging from atomic-level doping and sp²/sp³ hybridization to cascading heterointerfaces and hierarchical architectures such as 3D aerogels and metamaterials. It is elucidated how these meticulously designed structures optimize impedance matching and synergize multiple energy dissipation mechanisms. Finally, this review provides a forward-looking perspective on the challenges and transformative potential in developing intelligent, tunable, and engineering-ready EM management materials, highlighting the opportunities of machine learning-assisted design to pave the way for next-generation sustainable electronics and information security.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147664523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinspired inosculation of heterogeneous carbon network structures to prompt heat conduction","authors":"Zhongkai Wang, Mingxian Zhu, Deyu Yang, Shouyang Zhang, Qiang Song, Qingliang Shen, Xianghui Hou, Hejun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.067","url":null,"abstract":"It is a common approach to construct material structures using high-aspect-ratio units for specific functionalities. However, the realisation of structural and functional continuity from individual building blocks remains challenging. Inspired by the inosculation of twinned-trunk in nature and the capability of resource sharing and exchange, a new strategy for assembling porous 3D carbon networks is developed in this study. In this design, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were in-situ grown on carbon fibres (CFs) to initiate nano-branching by chemical vapour deposition, and pyrolytic carbon (PyC) was subsequently deposited on the CNTs and CFs to form an interconnection between adjacent fibres. This inosculation structure, mimicking the cellular fusion between trunks and branches, established continuous interconnections between independent carbon phases. As proof of resource sharing with functional continuity, the inosculated heterogeneous carbon network was incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane matrices after graphitisation for prompting heat conduction. The fabricated composites demonstrated substantially improved thermal conductivity, attaining a through-plane value of 18.8 W/(m K) at 21.4 vol% carbon material loading. This inosculation assembly strategy provides a transformative paradigm for constructing advanced functional materials requiring continuous interconnected 3D networks.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147649251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying carbide size effects on strain localization and fracture mechanisms in martensitic steels","authors":"Yafeng Zhao, Egemen Avcu, Yanfei Cao, Guangcai Ma, Xingqiu Chen, Yi Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.065","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical performance of carbide-containing martensitic steels is governed by the interactions between strain localizations and micro-fractures at the scale of individual carbides, yet this interaction is most often described qualitatively without clear mechanistic thresholds. In this work, a quantitative and mechanistic assessment is presented to elucidate how carbide size controls strain localization and the resulting fracture mechanisms in M50 steel, used here as a model martensitic alloy. By combining <em>in-situ</em> high-resolution digital image correlation during tensile loading with focused ion beam cross-sectioning and crystal plasticity finite element simulations, local strain evolution is quantitatively captured, and the associated surface and subsurface damage mechanisms are resolved at the level of individual carbides and their surrounding matrix. The results demonstrate that shear band-carbide interactions govern strain localization and mediate a size-controlled transition in the deformation and failure behavior. Small, equiaxed MC carbides exhibit high mechanical compatibility with the martensitic matrix and predominantly accommodate deformation without fracture, whereas larger carbides promote intense subsurface stress concentrations that lead to interfacial decohesion or internal carbide fracture. A critical carbide size separating strain accommodation from fracture-dominated behavior is identified in the range of 0.91–1.69 μm. Statistical analysis further reveals that the critical fracture strain of carbides decreases systematically with increasing carbide size and approaches an asymptotic limiting value of approximately 0.90%. These findings establish a quantitative mechanistic framework linking carbide size, local strain partitioning, and subsurface fracture mechanisms in martensitic steels and provide guidance for microstructural design strategies aimed at improving damage tolerance and fatigue performance in carbide-strengthened bearing steels.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147663990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved strength and strain hardening in a biodegradable Zn-2Cu-0.15Mg alloy achieved by a dual heterostructure","authors":"Ruimin Li, Yutian Ding, Rui Zhou, Hongfei Zhang, Jie Yan, Bing Zhen, Yubi Gao, Jiayu Xu, Yuntian Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.062","url":null,"abstract":"Synergistically improving strength and strain hardening in load-bearing biodegradable Zn alloys remains a critical clinical challenge. Grain refinement is an effective approach to increase the strength of most metals, but not for Zn alloys because their low melting points lead to an inverse Hall-Petch relationship at relatively large grain sizes. Here, we design a Zn-2Cu-0.15Mg (wt.%) alloy with a dual heterostructure to overcome these limitations. The alloy features fully recrystallized bimodal grains, preserving substantial strain-hardening without sacrificing strength. Furthermore, heterogeneous precipitation is introduced to increase the strength difference between adjacent domains, enhancing the hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) strengthening and strain hardening. The heterostructured Zn alloy deforms through a multiscale hardening mechanism involving HDI hardening, twinning, and non-basal &lt;<em>c</em> + <em>a</em>&gt; dislocations, achieving an excellent strength–ductility synergy: a yield strength (YS) of ∼347 MPa and a strain at ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of ∼15%. These results show that coupling bimodal recrystallized grains with heterogeneous precipitation is an effective strategy for enhancing both strength and strain-hardening capacity in Zn-based alloys.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147641407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dependence of dislocation motion and electron density on anisotropic steady-state crack propagation along various orientations in a nickel-base single crystal superalloy at 530°C","authors":"Runze Wang, Hongyun Luo, Xinling Liu, Jie Cui, Robert O. Ritchie","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.01.063","url":null,"abstract":"The anisotropy of fatigue properties along various crystallographic orientations has crucial implications for the damage tolerance and utilization of single-crystal superalloys. In this work, the anisotropic macroscopic fatigue behavior related to microscopic dislocation glide and electron density is investigated for a nickel-base single crystal superalloy using compact-tension experiments at 530°C (typical of fir-tree roots in the blades of turbine engines during low-cycle take-off and landing), coupled with optical macrostructure imaging and transmission electron microscope. Our measured steady-state crack propagation rates in the Paris (mid-growth rate) regime demonstrate a significant anisotropy along various crystallographic orientations in descending order from γ/γʹ[001], γ/γʹ[011] to γ/γʹ[111], where the directions represent the orientation of the γ-matrix and coherent γ′ precipitate. In particular, it was found that a 50% decrease in activated slip systems resulted in about a four-fold decline in crack propagation rates along the γ/γʹ[111] orientation, which was ascribed to the intense crack closure and deflection induced by the tortuous crack growth. The origin of the specific inclination angle of the fracture surface was associated with the hindering of dislocation glide and cross-slip on the low-electron-density γ/γʹ{014} and γ/γʹ{114} intersecting planes. These results afford new insight into the deformation mechanisms that underpin anisotropic crack propagation to provide a theoretical basis for the failure in this class of superalloys.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147649252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional low-threshold conductive liquid metal composite foams via cyclic forging for strain-tolerant EMI shielding with switchable thermal regulation","authors":"Jingjie Hu, Wenhua Zhou, Tairong Kuang, Wenge Zheng, Bin Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Modern electronics face the pressing challenges of electromagnetic compatibility and effective thermal management, which have driven the development of advanced materials capable of simultaneously delivering robust electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and switchable thermal regulation. Herein, compressible foams comprising thermoplastic polyurethane and liquid metal (LM) droplets are fabricated via thermally induced phase separation, and a novel cyclic forging strategy inspired by traditional iron forging technique is proposed to reconfigure the initially ellipsoidal LM droplets into flattened morphologies with enlarged surface areas, enabling the activation of their bulk conductivity for strong EMI shielding at LM contents as low as 4.9vol.%, which represents the lowest activation threshold range for porous LM composites currently reported. Under mechanical compression, the foams exhibit strain-tolerant EMI shielding effectiveness while strain-tunable thermal conductivity for on-demand switch from insulation to heat dissipation, integrating robust EMI shielding with the capability of switchable thermal regulation. Compression-enhanced electrothermal response, along with remarkable resistance to LM leakage even under 70% strain, further underscores their comprehensive multifunctionality. This work provides a LM-based material solution for overcoming coupled EMI-thermal challenges in advanced electronic devices.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147641408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled pore evolution in liquid precursor-derived ceramic matrix composites driven by deep learning-assisted XCT analysis","authors":"Guihang Deng, Zimeng Li, Junjie Zeng, Weifu Li, Kuanhong Zeng, Wei Wu, Weide Wang, Wei Zhang, Zheng Peng, Qingsong Ma, Lei Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"In-depth insights into the high residual porosity in liquid precursor-derived ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have long been elusive, constrained by the limited spatial characterization techniques. In this study, systematic deep learning-assisted X-ray micro-computed tomography tracking revealed that a competitive pore-filling mechanism in the traditional liquid-precursor route fundamentally impeded the further densification of a SiC fiber-woven CMC. An innovative strategy combining in-situ curing with capillary pressure-induced self-aggregation was proposed, enabling dynamic regulation of precursor-derived matrix for synergistic filling of multiscale pores. Consequently, the porosity of SiC_f-CMC was reduced from 18.6% to 6.2%, reaching a level significantly lower than that of comparable CMCs, accompanied by a notable increase in flexural strength from 68.1 to 220.7 MPa. Moreover, the resulting composite retained over 90% of the strength after water-oxygen exposures at 1200–1400°C for 5 h. This work provides new insights into pore regulation of CMCs for advanced aerospace thermal structural applications.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147664000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of tension and compression in pure Mg sheet: Unveiling nanoscale intra- and inter-granular accommodation mechanisms via HRDIC","authors":"Yaming Ran, Yuanshuai Zhang, Shen Hua, Jiang Zheng, Qudong Wang, Hao Zhou, Ran Ni, Dongdi Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.059","url":null,"abstract":"The tension-compression asymmetry (TCA) in Mg alloys originates from the intrinsic anisotropy of their hexagonal close-packed structure, which induces distinct local deformation incompatibilities and activates different intra-/inter-granular accommodation mechanisms. However, these mechanisms remain poorly understood from the perspective of the nanoscale strain field. In this study, high-resolution digital image correlation combined with electron backscatter diffraction was employed to systematically and quantitatively compare the intra-/inter-granular accommodation mechanisms in pure Mg with a strong basal texture during tension and compression, focusing on slip, twinning, and grain boundary sliding (GBS) and the resulting nanoscale strain partitioning. The statistics indicate significant differences in deformation mechanisms and strain partitioning between tension and compression. Under tension, deformation initially involved predominantly inter-granular mechanisms with pronounced strain localization, and subsequently transitioned to slip-dominated behavior at higher strains. GBS was significantly activated during tension, with an average value of 44.9 ± 65.5 nm at 2.4% strain. Under compression, deformation was dominated by twinning throughout the investigated strain range, with relatively low strain localization and limited GBS activity. Detailed case analyses also showed distinct accommodation mechanisms at GBs under different loading modes. Under tension, when basal slip was difficult to activate, GBS accommodated the incompatibility at GBs. Additionally, strain concentrations at GB triggered the nucleation of slip bands (SBs), which effectively alleviated the GB deformation. In contrast, under compression, deformation incompatibility at GBs was accommodated by twin co-nucleation, and strain concentration at the triple junction triggered the twin nucleation. Moreover, the importance of individual strain component fields for understanding the complex local accommodation mechanisms was also revealed. This study provides valuable insights into how local deformation incompatibilities are accommodated in polycrystalline Mg during tension and compression, from the perspective of nanoscale local strain fields associated with individual deformation events.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147642189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ micro arc oxidation for flexible, reliable pH microsensors in biofluid monitoring","authors":"Mingqiang Pan, Fei Gao, Jinchao Yao, Lining Sun, Yunlei Zhou, Suhui Luo, Haibo Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable pH sensors for trace biofluid (≤ 1.0 µL) face challenges in sensitivity, mechanical compliance, and trace‑volume compatibility. This study presents a high‑performance flexible pH microsensor fabricated via a facile, one‑step micro‑arc oxidation process that directly grows a TiO₂-SnO₂ composite film on a titanium wire under ambient conditions. This scalable, annealing‑free approach yields a hierarchically porous structure with uniform Sn doping and abundant oxygen vacancies, ensuring strong interfacial adhesion and efficient trace‑volume fluid sampling. The sensor demonstrates super‑Nernstian sensitivity (59.74 mV/pH), a rapid response (∼1 s), ultra-low drift long‑term stability (&lt; 0.10 mV/h drift over 12 h), and superior mechanical resilience (≤ 0.13 mV/pH sensitivity deviation after 100 bending cycles). Practical evaluations in human tears, saliva, sweat, and simulated wound exudate reveal excellent agreement with a commercial glass electrode (ΔpH ≤ 0.07), even in protein‑rich and viscous environments. This work provides a cost‑effective and scalable route to robust, flexible pH sensors for wearable health monitoring and personalized diagnostic platforms.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147630580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}