Journal of Materials Science & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Multifunctional and anisotropic Cf/ZrB2 based composites prepared via a combined injection and vacuum impregnation approach","authors":"Jun Liu, Ji Zou, Shuaihang Qiu, Jingjing Liu, Weimin Wang, Zhengyi Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"Multifunctional carbon fibers (C_f)/ZrB₂ based composites were synthesized through a series of processes termed as IVI including sequential slurry injection, vacuum impregnation, pyrolysis and reimpregnation cycles, which facilitated the effective incorporation of ZrB₂ powder into the carbon fiber preform. A single IVI cycle reduced the porosity of the preform from ∼77% to ∼40%. Microstructural analysis revealed a preferential distribution of ZrB₂ powders within random layers and pyrolytic carbon effectively bridging the ceramic particles and fibers. Due to the hierarchical 0°/90° carbon fiber architecture, as fabricated C_f/ZrB₂ composites exhibited anisotropy in mechanical and physical properties. Vertically oriented composites demonstrated higher compressive strain and low thermal conductivity (1.00–2.59 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ from 298 to 1173 K). In contrast, horizontally oriented specimens exhibited higher compressive strength (60.77±20.30 MPa) and thermal conductivity (1.6–4.5 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ from 298 to 1173 K). Furthermore, the continuous C_f endowed the composites with a positive temperature-dependent electrical conductivity characteristic, not only contributed to their higher electrical conductivity values, but also was helpful for maintaining the excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (19.80–22.51 dB) of C_f/ZrB₂ up to 800°C without obvious degradation. Considering the low-density characteristics of as-prepared composites, their specific performance metrics demonstrate good competitiveness compared to those fabricated via alternative processes.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic dual-scale laser beams for fabricating high-temperature eutectic ceramic coatings with nano microstructures via LPBF","authors":"Zhonglin Shen, Haijun Su, Minghui Yu, Peixin Yang, Yinuo Guo, Yang Cao, Hao Jiang, Xiang Li, Dong Dong, Zhuo Zhang, Min Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.060","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a novel integrated laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) approach for fabricating high-quality, ultra-high-temperature oxide eutectic ceramic coatings on superalloys to meet the critical demand for improved thermal barrier coatings in high-temperature applications. To resolve the interface bonding challenges between brittle ceramic coatings and ductile superalloys, this method employs two different laser sources: a short-wavelength fiber laser for fabricating the IN718 superalloy substrate and NiCoCrAlY bonding layer, and a long-wavelength CO₂ laser for depositing oxide eutectic ceramic coatings. Additionally, the finite element modeling (FEM) is utilized to optimize the preparation of superalloy–ceramic coating composites using LPBF technology, revealing the temperature and stress field distributions during the fabrication process. The resulting in-situ eutectic composite ceramic coatings exhibit a bonding strength of about 29.3 N and a nanoscale microstructure with a eutectic spacing of 97 nm. In high-temperature water-oxygen corrosion tests at 1000°C, the coatings showed no signs of delamination. After 100 h of heat treatment at 500°C, the microstructure experienced only a slight coarsening, maintaining its nanoscale structures. This LPBF fabrication method provides an effective approach for the rapid integrated manufacturing of oxide eutectic ceramic coatings on superalloy substrates, demonstrating significant potential for high temperature applications.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-entropy La(Al0.2Co0.2Fe0.2Ni0.2Cr0.2)O3-d and La(Al0.2Co0.2Fe0.2Ni0.2Mn0.2)O3-d ceramics with broad-band high emissivity for long-term energy-saving","authors":"Runke Wu, Qinghu Wang, Xueqing Wang, Liping Pan, Shaobai Sang, Yangxi Liu, Guangyang Wang, Xiong Liang, Yibiao Xu, Yawei Li, Jiangtao Li, Olena Volkova","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.12.104","url":null,"abstract":"Infrared radiation (IR) ceramics have been recognized as energy-saving materials for high-temperature industry due to excellent IR performance. However, for conventional IR ceramics, low emissivity in partial band and emissivity degradation during high-temperature service restricted the practical application. Herein, we integrated broad-band high emissivity and slow degradation rate in novel high-entropy perovskite ceramics: La(Al_0.2Co_0.2Fe_0.2Ni_0.2Cr_0.2)O₃<strong>₋</strong><em>_δ</em> (HE-1) and La(Al_0.2Co_0.2Fe_0.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.2)O₃<strong>₋</strong><em>_δ</em> (HE-2). Specifically, the high-energy ceramic HE-1 &amp; HE-2 displayed high emissivity of 0.94/0.90 and 0.90/0.95 in the broad-band of near/mid-infrared (0.76–14 μm). This excellent IR performance can be attributed to impurity energy level absorption, free carrier absorption, and lattice vibration absorption. During high-temperature service, these high-entropy ceramics have much slower emissivity degradation rate than conventional IR ceramic, because of hysteresis diffusion effect. Additionally, energy-saving ratios of 17.70% and 10.77% were realized by heating water with porous burner containing HE-1 and HE-2 coating respectively, due to enhanced heat radiation in systems. Thus, these high-entropy IR ceramics have significant application potential for long-term energy-saving in high-temperature industry.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coatings embedded with composite defective metal organic frameworks having excellent mechanical and anti-corrosion properties","authors":"Yue Zhao, Cheng Xu, Jin-Wei Zhang, Zheng-Hui Qiu, Li Wang, Ji-Ming Hu, Cun-Guo Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.057","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a versatile strategy of manipulating defective metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with the assistance of the steric hindrance effect was proposed and applied in coatings. The steric hindrance effect was utilized to construct the defective MOFs with phosphate, gluconate and phytate as examples. The defective MOFs were synthesized in an aqueous solution at room temperature, having a promising future for industrial application. Tailoring specific defects in MOFs can make molecular chains of polymer penetrate into the internal skeleton and form an interlocking structure. The interlocking effect can enhance the mechanical performance of the coating, and the corrosion inhibition performance of anions can synergistically improve the corrosion resistance of the coating. The waterborne acrylic resin (WAR) embedded with phytate-modified MOF has the highest tensile strength of 23.9 MPa, four times higher than pure WAR. Anti-corrosion test results indicated that the corrosion inhibition efficiencies of composite coatings maintained around 97% after 2 months of immersion in seawater. The structure-property relations of defect-engineered MOFs and the anti-corrosion mechanisms were elaborated in detail by both experiments and molecular dynamics simulation. This strategy has excellent environmental friendliness, reduces the cost of MOF materials, and has broad application prospects.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compositional modification for efficient near-room-temperature Ag2Se thermoelectrics through modulation decoration of amorphous Sb2S3","authors":"Shanshan Tan, Hanwen Hu, Yuan Wang, Li Ma, Luping Song, Jun Tang, Hongju Zhou, Kun Zheng, Guangkun Ren, Lei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.034","url":null,"abstract":"Compositing a secondary phase in Ag₂Se can usually tune the electron and phonon scattering to improve the thermoelectric performance. However, the intrinsically high carrier concentration still limits the performance optimization. Here, we employ a modulation decoration strategy to simultaneously achieve submicron-scale constituents and compositional modification for synergistic optimization of thermoelectric properties. Amorphous nano Sb₂S₃ has been decorated on the surface of Ag₂Se powders, and S was added into the Ag₂Se matrix through an ion exchange reaction accompanied by the formation of a crystal/amorphous mixed secondary phase of Sb₂(S, Se)₃. The S doping reduced the excessive intrinsic carrier concentration, leading to modified electrical transport properties and significantly reduced electrical thermal conductivity. On the other hand, introducing the S dopants and the crystal/amorphous interfaces into the Ag₂Se matrix could increase the lattice anharmonicity, further contributing to the reduced thermal conductivity. Consequently, the Ag₂Se-0.4% Sb₂S₃ sample obtains a high average <em>zT</em> value of &gt; 1 in the temperature range of 300–390 K. In addition, the maximum cooling temperature difference of over 85 K can be predicted in an Ag₂Se/Ag₂Se-0.4% Sb₂S₃ segregated module at the hot side temperature of 350 K.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust room-temperature ferromagnetism and the effect of doping concentration in (Co, Tb) co-implanted GaN films","authors":"Sen Chen, Shuai Wu, Zhong Liu, Yangbin Liu, Wei Cheng, Bin Liao, Minju Ying","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.056","url":null,"abstract":"The present study reports a large room temperature ferromagnetism in Co and Tb co-doped GaN films and further investigates the correlation between the doping concentration and the magnetic moment. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirm that most of the dopants are incorporated into the GaN lattice. Photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectra results reveal that post-annealing repaired most of lattice defects induced by ion implantation. The ZFC/FC curves show a blocked phase related to Co precipitates in Co single-doped GaN system and this phase is suppressed by the incorporation of Tb ions in the co-doped GaN systems. Although the magnetic properties were enhanced with the co-implantation of Co and Tb ions, the magnetic moment introduced by each ion slightly decreased with increasing Tb concentration. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that a high doping concentration of Tb atoms leads to the antiferromagnetic phase in the nearest position between Co and Tb ions. Appropriate co-doping with Co and Tb ions in GaN favors the development of enhanced ferromagnetism with no secondary phase. Our study not only offers valuable insights for understanding the magnetic characteristics of co-doped GaN, but also highlights the viability of developing room-temperature diluted magnetic semiconductors by appropriately co-doping TM and RE elements.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of high-entropy (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C0.95 ceramics through nitrogen doping","authors":"Liansen Xia, Peitao Hu, Shun Dong, Jianqiang Xin, Kaixuan Gui, Xinghong Zhang, Yanchun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.02.035","url":null,"abstract":"High-entropy carbide ceramics (HECCs) exhibit superior properties compared to their constituent binary compounds. However, high synthesis and sintering temperature are main obstacles that limit their widespread applications. To address this issue, compositional and particle size controllable high-entropy (Ti_0.2Zr_0.2Hf_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2)C<em>_x</em> powders were successfully prepared by a sugar hydrogel combined with the carbothermal reduction method. Owing to the introduction of carbon vacancy, the temperature for the formation of single-phase solid solution of the high-entropy (Ti_0.2Zr_0.2Hf_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2)C<em>_x</em> powders was decreased, and the addition of nitrogen decreased the densification temperature of the high-entropy (Ti_0.2Zr_0.2Hf_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2)C_0.95 ceramic by 200°C. In addition, the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the high-entropy (Ti_0.2Zr_0.2Hf_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2)C_0.95 ceramic were improved by 29% and 30%, respectively, compared with those without nitrogen doping. Atomic-resolution high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping reveal that the segregation of N and small cation Ti as well large lattice strains are responsible for the enhanced mechanical properties. Furthermore, with the introduction of nitrogen, the onset oxidation temperature (OOT) was increased, while the parabolic oxidation rate constant was decreased, revealing the beneficial effect of nitrogen doping on oxidation resistance. These results demonstrate that nitrogen doping can not only improve the mechanical properties of HECCs but also enhance the oxidation resistance, which paves the way for the wide application of HECCs.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidation behavior of CoNiCrAlY bond coatings with single/double layer structure in water vapor environment at 1100°C","authors":"Hao Mei, Yong Shang, Haiyuan Yu, Yuan Liu, Yuanhang Gao, Wenqi Guo, Wenwen Wang, Keke Chang, Yuwei Guo, Yanling Pei, Shusuo Li, Shengkai Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.059","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative study was conducted on the oxidation behavior of four different bond coat structures: single-layer air plasma spraying (APS), single-layer high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF), double-layer APS + HVOF, and double-layer HVOF + HVOF in a high-temperature and high-water vapor environment. The oxidation resistance and surface mixed oxide (MO) growth behavior and formation mechanisms of different structures in this environment were analyzed. The results indicate that CoNiCrAlY bond coats with different structures exhibit distinct oxidation behaviors in a high-temperature, high-water vapor environment. The growth of the MO phase is significantly influenced by the bond coat structure, and the high-water vapor environment promotes the nucleation and growth of bulk MO phase, resulting in a multilayer internal structure. Among these, the double-layer HVOF bond coat structure demonstrates superior resistance to water vapor corrosion, with fewer surface MO formations. These findings suggest that proper structural design can enhance the water vapor corrosion resistance of MCrAlY bond coats, providing theoretical foundations and technical support for optimizing their applications in high-temperature, high-water vapor environments.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143695297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing thermal stability of laser-powder bed fusion fabricated FeCoCrNi-Al alloy by introducing Al element segregation using in-situ alloying","authors":"Xiangjian Zhu, Mengchao Niu, Shan Liu, Yanan Yu, Luyi Han, Guoqun Zhao, Guangchun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"A method is proposed to enhance the thermal stability of laser-powder bed fusion fabricated (L-PBFed) FeCoCrNi alloy by introducing Al element segregation through <em>in-situ</em> alloying. The introduced Al segregation exists in two forms of B2/BCC phases, one in banded shape within the FCC matrix and the other as particles at grain boundaries (GBs). Experimental characterization and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to reveal the mechanism of the thermal stability of the grain boundary (GB) and dislocation in high-temperature treatment at 1000 and 1200°C. At high temperatures, short-range uphill diffusion occurs within the banded B2/BCC phase, forming the dispersed B2/BCC phase with higher (Al, Ni) content. This extends the stability of the banded B2/BCC phase and ensures high-strain hardening. Additionally, the long-range diffusion of Al atoms from the banded B2/BCC into the FCC matrix utilizes GBs as rapid channels at high temperatures. This process stabilizes GBs by reducing their cohesive energy and maintaining the nailing effect of the B2/BCC phase at GBs. Furthermore, after high-temperature treatment, dislocations within the FCC matrix exhibit a relatively high-density level, and many dislocations are generated within the B2/BCC regions subsequent to phase transition. This is attributed to the geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) generation caused by lattice distortion stemming from variations in Al content in the FCC matrix and lattice shrinkage induced by the phase transformation. As a result, the mechanical properties exhibit remarkable resistance to softening compared to traditional L-PBFed single FCC phase alloys. In terms of tensile properties at room temperature, after treatment at 1000°C/1 h, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased from 797 to 873 MPa. Even after 10 h at 1200°C, the UTS retained 86% of its original value. In terms of tensile properties at high temperature, compared to the L-PBFed FeCoCrNi alloy, the alloys prepared in this work exhibit an increase in yield strength (YS) by approximately 100 MPa under the same temperature conditions. This work can provide a new perspective for improving the thermal stability of L-PBFed alloys.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sigma phase formation and chemical short-range ordering during the isochronal annealing of a metastable medium-entropy alloy","authors":"Ibrahim Ondicho, Lachlan Smillie, Majid Laleh, Jaemin Wang, Jae Heung Lee, Hyeonseok Kwon, Byeong-Joo Lee, Germanas Peleckis, Hyoung Seop Kim, Azdiar A. Gazder","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.055","url":null,"abstract":"Medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) have garnered significant interest due to their unique mechanical properties, but phase instabilities such as the formation of brittle sigma (σ) phase during annealing pose challenges to their practical application. This study investigates the microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of an 80% cold-rolled Fe&lt;sub&gt;45&lt;/sub&gt;Co&lt;sub&gt;35&lt;/sub&gt;Cr&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; medium-entropy alloy that was isochronally annealed between 100°C and 900°C for 300 s and characterized using hardness indentations, in-situ X-ray diffraction, and thermodynamic calculations, with high-resolution electron microscopy detailing microstructural evolution at 625°C, 675°C, and 725°C. The results show increases in Vickers hardness between 500°C and 625°C, attributed to the nucleation of a Cr- and V-rich sigma (&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=\"\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-mathml='&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;&amp;#x3C3;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"1.394ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.235ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -498.8 572.5 600.2\" width=\"1.33ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-3C3\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;span role=\"presentation\"&gt;&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;σ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script type=\"math/mml\"&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;σ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) phase, primarily at the bcc grain boundaries. Beyond 625°C, the hardness decreased due to &lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=\"\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-mathml='&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;&amp;#x3C3;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"1.394ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.235ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -498.8 572.5 600.2\" width=\"1.33ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-3C3\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;span role=\"presentation\"&gt;&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;σ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script type=\"math/mml\"&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;σ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-phase dissolution, recovery of bcc and fcc phases, bcc&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=\"\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-mathml='&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;&amp;#x2192;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"1.625ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.235ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -598.2 1000.5 699.5\" width=\"2.324ex\" xmlns:xlink","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}