{"title":"Electron-rich Ru activates Ni Sites via proximity effect for highly efficient pH-universal electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution","authors":"Xiao Liu, Haiyan Pang, Hongling Liu, Ruohan Huang, Xinrui Kou, Shihong Cen, Bing Cui, Jinying Huang, Zheng Tang, Chunhui Zhao, Yuechang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.073","url":null,"abstract":"The electron-rich Ru exhibits great promise for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to unique electronic structure characteristics, yet suffers from a specific catalytic environment and an unclear catalytic mechanism. Herein, ultrasmall RuNi nanoparticles (∼2.35 nm) containing electron-rich Ru species are dispersed on carbon support. The RuNi/C displays an overpotential of only 23 (acid), 22 (alkaline), and 48 (neutral) mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, outperforming commercial Pt/C. It is further demonstrated that the RuNi/C-based anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolyzer can achieve a high current density of 1 A cm<sup>−2</sup> at a low cell voltage of ∼1.83 V, and exhibit excellent durability of over 600 h at 200 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Based on in situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, such outstanding catalytic performance stems from the dual-feature nature of the RuNi/C: electron-rich Ru sites possess a stronger affinity for interface water and dissociation capability, the Ni sites adjacent to electron-rich Ru optimize the adsorption−desorption processes of H* intermediate. This work highlights the crucial role of understanding the active sites' synergies in the development of optimized pH-universal HER catalysts and paves the way for the advancement of hydrogen production.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanism of enhanced corrosion resistance of 9CrMo rebar in low-carbon mortar: Unique distribution and interfacial evolution of mill scale and corrosion products","authors":"Jing Ming, Jinjie Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term corrosion resistance of carbon steel in low-carbon mortar blended with red mud under harsh environmental exposure raises concerns, and its durability cannot be assured. To address this, this study investigates the chloride-induced corrosion behavior of a novel 9CrMo rebar in this low-carbon mortar using electrochemical and microstructural analyses. The results reveal a natively formed Cr-rich protective layer on 9CrMo rebar within the crevices of defective mill scale, which inhibits pitting corrosion. Based on the findings of this study, a three-stage phenomenological corrosion model is proposed, accounting for the distribution of the defective mill scale, the Cr-rich protective layer, and the distinct corrosion products at the steel-mortar interface. This model elucidates the mechanism underlying the enhanced corrosion resistance of 9CrMo rebar in the low-carbon mortar blended with red mud, which is attributed to a denser steel-mortar interface resulting from the multifunctional beneficial effects of red mud and the additional barrier provided by the Cr-rich protective layer.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147695536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Can Peng, Qi Fu, Lei Wu, Bo Yuan, Xinran Yao, Liang Zhang, Junnan Zhang, Guang-Ling Song
{"title":"The biocorrosion mechanism of additively manufactured Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy in a bacteria-algae symbiotic environment: From the perspectives of gene regulation and metabolism","authors":"Can Peng, Qi Fu, Lei Wu, Bo Yuan, Xinran Yao, Liang Zhang, Junnan Zhang, Guang-Ling Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum (Al) alloys are promising candidates for lightweight marine applications owing to their low density, high specific strength, and satisfactory corrosion resistance. Additive manufacturing (AM) offers new opportunities for fabricating high-performance Al alloys. However, their susceptibility to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in complex marine microbial environments remains poorly understood, particularly in the bacteria-algae symbiotic environments. In this study, the biocorrosion behavior of an additively manufactured Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy, one of the promising AM Al alloys, was systematically investigated in the presence of <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> (<em>C. vulgaris</em>), <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (<em>P. aeruginosa</em>), and their symbiotic environment. The results demonstrated that <em>C. vulgaris</em> could readily adhere to the alloy surface, forming a dense biofilm and generating high concentrations of O<sub>2</sub> via photosynthesis, which together stabilized the oxide film and markedly inhibited the corrosion of the AM Al alloy. In contrast, <em>P. aeruginosa</em> could secrete strongly redox-active phenazine derivatives that induced localized acidification, thus disrupting the oxide film of the alloy and accelerating the corrosion. Interestingly, in the bacteria-algae symbiotic environment, <em>C. vulgaris</em> promoted the adhesion and proliferation of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> cells, while the bacteria completely eliminated the corrosion-inhibitory effect of the algae. Gene tests further revealed that algae could upregulate the expression level of phzS and phzM genes in bacterial cells, enhancing phenazine secretion and intensifying localized corrosion, while downregulating the expression level of the narG gene and mitigating nitrite toxicity to algal cells. These findings provide mechanistic insights into MIC regulation of AM Al alloys in complex marine microbial ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147695534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Xu, Yu Jiang, Xing Ran, Xiangyu Zhu, Zhiheng Du, Pengzhi Liu, Xiaohang Zhang, Zhe Wang, Shun Xu, Xin Lu
{"title":"In-situ residual stress mitigation of laser powder bed fusion Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V using an active learning framework","authors":"Wei Xu, Yu Jiang, Xing Ran, Xiangyu Zhu, Zhiheng Du, Pengzhi Liu, Xiaohang Zhang, Zhe Wang, Shun Xu, Xin Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.02.052","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium (Ti) alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) often suffer from high residual stress (RS), which in turn increases manufacturing time and cost due to the need for post-processing treatment. In this study, an active learning framework, demonstrated using Ti‑6.5Al‑2Zr‑1Mo‑1V (TA15) alloy, was developed to simultaneously minimize RS and deformation while ensuring low porosity. Seven machine learning algorithms were evaluated systematically, and among them, gradient-boosted decision trees, LightGBM, and eXtreme gradient boosting were found to give the most accurate predictions for RS, porosity, and deformation, respectively. Then, the optimized models were coupled with Non‑dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III and an active learning framework. This combined approach led to a notable drop in the Z reduction rate to 3.4% after four iterations. Microstructure of the as‑built (AB) sample using the optimization parameter (OP) exhibited finer α′-martensitic laths (0.619 ± 0.012 vs. 0.704 ± 0.009 μm), lower kernel average misorientation (0.210 ± 0.004 vs. 0.450 ± 0.006), and more homogeneous stress distributions compared with the sample fabricated using the machine‑recommended parameter (MP). This resulted in an enhanced mechanical performance, namely the OP-AB sample achieving a tensile strength of 1315.8 ± 30.5 MPa, an elongation of 7.7% ± 0.2%, an impact toughness of 27.2 ± 0.7 J/cm<sup>2</sup>, and a fracture toughness of 64.7 ± 1.5 MPa m<sup>1/2</sup>, matching or surpassing those of the stress-relieved sample fabricated using the MP. Furthermore, an aerospace backplate was fabricated using the OP parameter, and the result indicated that a 43.1% reduction in maximum RS and a 62.8% decrease in distortion were achieved. Taken together, this work establishes a data-driven optimization strategy for LPBF-ed Ti alloys that achieves in-situ stress mitigation without post-processing, facilitating broader industrial adoption of the proposed data-driven optimization strategy.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147726406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuanyue Zhao, Yan Ma, Jungwan Lee, Chang Liu, En (Evan) Ma
{"title":"Is the strain hardening rate minimal for a GPa-yield-strength alloy with a yield ratio close to unity?","authors":"Yuanyue Zhao, Yan Ma, Jungwan Lee, Chang Liu, En (Evan) Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.071","url":null,"abstract":"The engineering stress-strain curve is often observed to be flat across a wide range of plastic strains after yielding in a uniaxial tensile test, for alloys with gigapascal yield strength, especially those recently developed body-centered-cubic (bcc) multi-principal-element alloys (MPEAs). The near-zero slope of these curves is often perceived as an apparent lack of strain hardening capability, which would set off necking immediately after yielding due to a violation of the Considère criterion. If so, how could the alloy manage to sustain the large uniform elongation? Here, we resolve this puzzle by re-analyzing the data in terms of true stress versus true strain to demonstrate that the perception above is a misjudgment. Thanks to the MPEA’s high yield strength at the GPa level, the wide plateau does not mean that the strain hardening rate is negligible, but rather is adequate to guarantee no onset of the necking instability. Inside a tensile-strained TiZrNb MPEA, the dislocation density was observed to increase by nearly two orders of magnitude, even after a tensile strain of only 8%, indicating obvious dislocation accumulation as the mechanism for strain hardening to delay necking. All these corroborate that an alloy yielding at GPa stress with a “perfect-plastic” curve is ultra-strong yet highly ductile, despite its very high (i.e., almost ∼1) yield ratio.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of cellular austenite on fracture resistance in additively manufactured 18Ni(300) steel","authors":"Jingtao Tang, Wenhua Wu, Wujun Yin, Guofeng Zhang, Jiongfei Zhao, Shichao Liu, Yuming Fu, Hang Yang, Zhigang Yang, Hao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"Conventionally manufactured maraging steels are fully martensitic, whereas their additively manufactured counterparts contain cellular-distributed austenite after post-treatment. However, the effect of this cellular austenite on fracture toughness has remained unclear. Here, metastable cellular austenite was introduced into laser powder bed fusion-manufactured 18Ni(300) maraging steel by flash annealing, leading to an ∼80 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> increase in fracture toughness without loss of strength. It was revealed that the cellular austenite promoted both shear localization and spatially stable asymmetric shear gradients associated with the cells, which in turn drove the nucleation of toughening microcracks within the fracture process zone. These microcracks not only relieved stress concentrations at the crack tip but also generated fine shear dimples that smoothed ridges between large dimples. Additionally, these newly formed microcracks deflected the main crack, thereby enhancing the fracture toughness. The micromechanical modeling further confirmed that the cellular distribution of metastable austenite triggered a distinct martensitic transformation pathway, which was responsible for the unique strain partitioning. Overall, the toughening mechanism of cellular austenite provided a mechanistic framework for designing additively manufactured ultrahigh-strength steels with improved damage tolerance.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147695584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolau López-Pintó, Christopher J. Jensen, Zhijie Chen, Zihui Zeng, Christy J. Kinane, Andrew J. Caruana, Alexander J. Grutter, Julie A. Borchers, Enric Menéndez, Josep Nogués, Kai Liu, Jordi Sort
{"title":"Compositionally tunable Néel temperature in Mn1−xCoxN: A route to enhance magneto-ionic exchange bias control","authors":"Nicolau López-Pintó, Christopher J. Jensen, Zhijie Chen, Zihui Zeng, Christy J. Kinane, Andrew J. Caruana, Alexander J. Grutter, Julie A. Borchers, Enric Menéndez, Josep Nogués, Kai Liu, Jordi Sort","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"To address growing computational demands, energy-efficient hardware technologies such as spintronics and neuromorphic computing have attracted significant interest. In particular, magneto-ionics offers a low-power, non-volatile approach to control magnetic properties, making it particularly suitable for manipulating antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials. In this work, we report magneto-ionic control of exchange bias (EB) in Mn<sub>1−</sub><em><sub>x</sub></em>Co<em><sub>x</sub></em>N/Co with a compositionally tunable Néel temperature, <em>T</em><sub>N</sub>. The high <em>T</em><sub>N</sub> in MnN (> 650 K) typically necessitates high-temperature annealing, which triggers uncontrolled thermally induced ion-motion effects. Co addition to MnN reduces <em>T</em><sub>N</sub>, enabling robust EB to be established after field cooling from 400 K, while preserving structural integrity. Importantly, EB can be subsequently tuned by voltage, up to a 30% enhancement observed at 100 K alongside an increase in saturation magnetization (up to ≈ 250 emu cm<sup>−3</sup>). Unlike previous works on similar single-layer nitrides, incorporating an additional ferromagnetic Co layer to form an AFM/ferromagnetic bilayer amplifies the voltage-induced effects. This work highlights the dual role of Co addition to MnN: (i) reducing the thermal requirements for setting EB by lowering <em>T</em><sub>N</sub>, and (ii) enhancing electrical control of EB. These results represent a step forward towards the development of low-power voltage-controlled spintronic devices.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147695535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Designing a thermally stable (Al2O3+Al3Ti)/Al composite through synergistic microstructural regulation for high-temperature fatigue resistance","authors":"Yin Liu, Zhichun Zhou, Yu Guo, Yuning Zan, Quanzhao Wang, Dong Wang, Bolv Xiao, Zongyi Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum matrix materials are essential for lightweight structural applications, yet their performance under high-temperature cyclic loading is constrained by microstructural instability. This study presents a novel synthesis route initiated at the powder precursor stage to fabricate an in-situ (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>+Al<sub>3</sub>Ti)/Al composite. The approach combines a hybrid sol-gel process with powder metallurgy, first establishing a reinforcement network along grain boundaries and then enabling partial incorporation of the reinforcements into grain interiors, thereby achieving synergistic strengthening through coordinated intra- and intergranular mechanisms. The composite exhibits exceptionally high-cycle fatigue resistance at 350 °C, delivering a fatigue strength of 97 MPa—significantly higher than that of conventional heat-resistant aluminum alloys. Through multi-scale characterization using X-ray computed tomography, neutron diffraction, and microstructural analysis, the underlying strengthening mechanisms were systematically elucidated. Nano-sized Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> particles effectively pin dislocations and suppress grain coarsening, promoting stable dislocation networks that enhance microstructural stability, while the Al<sub>3</sub>Ti intermetallic phase contributes to load-bearing capacity and alleviates stress concentration through anti-phase boundary formation. The synergistic combination underpins the composite's excellent fatigue endurance, offering valuable insights for designing advanced aluminum matrix composites with enhanced thermal stability.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Wang, Zhen Chen, Yixin Wu, Kai Shi, Xin Liu, Zexiang Shen, Minghua Chen
{"title":"Interface engineering with hydroxyl/amino functional layers: Tailoring Li+ transport for high-performance quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries","authors":"Yang Wang, Zhen Chen, Yixin Wu, Kai Shi, Xin Liu, Zexiang Shen, Minghua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.069","url":null,"abstract":"The incorporation of inorganic fillers can enhance the conductivity and mechanical properties of polymer electrolytes; however, their tendency to agglomerate often reduces effectiveness, leading to structural defects and uneven Li deposition. While surface modification is widely used to improve interface compatibility, its influence on ion transport remains insufficiently understood. To address this challenge, a glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan (GCC) modification layer, rich in -OH and -NH<sub>2</sub> groups, is introduced onto the surface of Li<sub>1.3</sub>Al<sub>0.3</sub>Ti<sub>1.7</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> particles to reduce surface energy and promote its uniform dispersion in polyvinylidene fluoride-<em>co</em>-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) matrix. The -OH groups interact with Li<sup>+</sup>, while the -NH<sub>2</sub> groups coordinate with (CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>N<sup>−</sup>, promoting lithium salt dissociation and facilitating Li<sup>+</sup> transport. Additionally, hydrogen bonding between GCC and PVDF-HFP promotes <em>β</em>-phase formation in PVDF-HFP, further enhancing ion transport kinetics. This modification also reinforces the electrolyte’s mechanical properties, effectively suppressing lithium dendrite growth and extending battery lifespan. The synergistic enhancements enable stable cycling for 1000 cycles at 0.5 C in Li||LiFePO<sub>4</sub> full cells and a remarkable lifespan of 4000 h in Li||Li symmetric cells. Furthermore, the exploration in Li||LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, bipolar stacking (6.8 V), and prototype pouch cells further validates the feasibility of this strategy for practical quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Air-stable carbon nanotube CMOS inverters enabled by synergistic polyethylenimine-ethoxylated doping and photoresist-mediated interface engineering","authors":"Peng-Peng Li, Yun Sun, Yutaka Ohno, Dong-Ming Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2026.03.063","url":null,"abstract":"The requirement for the digital systems fabricated by carbon nanotube thin-film transistors (CNT TFTs) with significant energy efficiency is a robust and tunable complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technique, especially air-stable n-type CNT TFTs. Here, we propose a synergistic strategy of polyethylenimine ethoxylate (PEIE) doping and photoresist encapsulation. PEIE realizes n-type conversion by transferring electrons from its amino-rich groups to semiconducting CNTs while simultaneously mitigating surface defects. As an encapsulation layer, the resin in the photoresist not only eliminates the oxygen/water effect but also reduces the off-current of n-type TFTs at least one order of magnitude through the interfacial dipole effect. As a result, the n-type CNT TFTs are obtained with well-balanced electrical characteristics compared to their p-type counterparts, and exhibit excellent performance, including a high current on-off ratio beyond 10<sup>5</sup> and a short-term air stability after 9 days exposed in ambient air. The as-fabricated CNT CMOS inverters demonstrate full rail-to-rail output swings with voltage gains of 26.4, trip voltages of <em>V</em><sub>DD</sub>/2, and a maximum noise margin of 7.5 V, respectively. These results establish PEIE doping and photoresist encapsulation as a feasible synergistic technology for depressing the off-current and improving the device stability in CNT CMOS integrated circuits, laying a critical technical foundation for the development of next-generation low-power flexible electronic systems.","PeriodicalId":16154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science & Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147663989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}