Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging最新文献

{"title":"Toward a Refined PI-RADS: The Feasibility and Limitations of More Informative Metrics in Reviewing MRI Scans.","authors":"Omer Tarik Esengur, Hunter Stecko, Emma Stevenson, Baris Turkbey","doi":"10.1002/jmri.29754","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmri.29754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) is a widely-adopted framework for assessing prostate cancer risk using multiparametric MRI. However, as advancements in imaging and data analytics emerge, PI-RADS faces pressure to integrate novel quantitative techniques, enhanced imaging protocols, and artificial intelligence (AI) solutions to improve diagnostic accuracy. This review examines the recent innovations in advanced imaging, clinical, and AI methods that can provide more informative MRI scans and discuss their potential incorporation into PI-RADS. Techniques like multi-shot echo-planar imaging and reduced field-of-view DWI show promise in improving scan quality, but may present challenges with respect to technical complexity, cost, and standardization. Others, like restriction spectrum imaging and luminal water imaging, offer new possibilities for lesion characterization, yet remain difficult to implement consistently across clinical settings. In addition, integrating clinical parameters and AI-driven tools within PI-RADS could enhance risk stratification, but may introduce greater complexity, potentially impacting ease-of-use. We discuss the implications of these advancements for PI-RADS, balancing the potential diagnostic benefits with the challenges of maintaining accessibility and reproducibility in clinical practice. This review provides a comprehensive overview of how emerging MRI techniques and AI may redefine prostate cancer imaging standards. Evidence Level: 5. Technical Efficacy: Stage 5.</p>","PeriodicalId":16140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"673-690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI Assessment of Lung Water Density in Individuals Previously Infected With COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Christopher Keen, Justin Grenier, Peter Šereš, Robert Stobbe, James White, Christian Beaulieu, Rachel Sherrington, Amy Kirkham, D Ian Paterson, Richard Thompson","doi":"10.1002/jmri.29814","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmri.29814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung damage in post-acute COVID-19 is a common clinical finding. Lung water density (LWD) imaging using ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI with proton-density weighting is sensitive to edema and fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize LWD in COVID-19 survivors, compared with a healthy cohort.</p><p><strong>Study type: </strong>Retrospective cohort.</p><p><strong>Populations: </strong>185 COVID-19 survivors (63 male; age [median (interquartile range, IQR)]: 51 (25-83) years; 160 (66-363) days from COVID-19 infection to MRI) and 109 healthy controls (64 male; age: 52 (27-76) years) with no history of COVID-19 infection.</p><p><strong>Field strength/sequence: </strong>2.89T; Yarnball UTE pulse sequence.</p><p><strong>Assessment: </strong>Free-breathing three-dimensional LWD images were acquired in both cohorts. Clinical demographics (age, sex, body mass index [BMI]), presence of comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity), COVID-19 hospitalization, pulmonary function, six-minute walking distance, and plasma biomarkers were recorded.</p><p><strong>Statistical tests: </strong>Student's t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare lung water metrics between cohorts. The effect of comorbidities was assessed using Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by pairwise Wilcoxon tests with Bonferroni correction. Categorical variables were compared using chi-squared tests. p < 0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LWD (median (IQR)), was significantly greater in the post-COVID-19 cohort than in the healthy cohort, 31.3 (6.6)% versus 27.9 (6.5)% in men and 30.3 (7.4)% versus 27.5 (4.9)% in women. 37% of men and 24% of women in the post-COVID-19 cohort had LWD above the healthy cohort 95% confidence limit. Participants with elevated LWD had significantly higher BMI (kg/m²) (32 (5) versus 26 (4) in men, 33 (9) versus 26 (7) in women), incidence of comorbidities (78% vs. 50% in men, 72% vs. 38% in women), rates of COVID-19 hospitalization (52% vs. 23% in men, 38% vs. 18% in women), and elevated CRP (mg/L) (2.2 (3.4) vs. 1.1 (1.4) in men, 1.8 (4.2) vs. 1.2 (2.1) in women).</p><p><strong>Data conclusion: </strong>MRI-derived LWD is elevated in COVID-19 survivors and is related to high BMI, COVID-19 hospitalization, inflammatory plasma biomarkers, and the presence of comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Evidence level: </strong>2.</p><p><strong>Technical efficacy: </strong>Stage 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":16140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"767-778"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimated Brain Age in Healthy Aging and Across Multiple Neurological Disorders.","authors":"Li Chai, Jun Sun, Zhizheng Zhuo, Ren Wei, Xiaolu Xu, Yunyun Duan, Decai Tian, Yutong Bai, Ningnannan Zhang, Haiqing Li, Yuxin Li, Yongmei Li, Fuqing Zhou, Jun Xu, James H Cole, Frederik Barkhof, Jianguo Zhang, Huaguang Zheng, Yaou Liu","doi":"10.1002/jmri.29667","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmri.29667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The brain aging in the general population and patients with neurological disorders is not well understood.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize brain aging in the above conditions and its clinical relevance.</p><p><strong>Study type: </strong>Retrospective.</p><p><strong>Population: </strong>A total of 2913 healthy controls (HC), with 1395 females; 331 multiple sclerosis (MS); 189 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD); 239 Alzheimer's disease (AD); 244 Parkinson's disease (PD); and 338 cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD).</p><p><strong>Field strength/sequence: </strong>3.0 T/Three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted images.</p><p><strong>Assessment: </strong>The brain age was estimated by our previously developed model, using a 3D convolutional neural network trained on 9794 3D T1-weighted images of healthy individuals. Brain age gap (BAG), the difference between chronological age and estimated brain age, was calculated to represent accelerated and resilient brain conditions. We compared MRI metrics between individuals with accelerated (BAG ≥ 5 years) and resilient brain age (BAG ≤ -5 years) in HC, and correlated BAG with MRI metrics, and cognitive and physical measures across neurological disorders.</p><p><strong>Statistical tests: </strong>Student's t test, Wilcoxon test, chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, and correlation analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In HC, individuals with accelerated brain age exhibited significantly higher white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and lower regional brain volumes than those with resilient brain age. BAG was significantly higher in MS (10.30 ± 12.6 years), NMOSD (2.96 ± 7.8 years), AD (6.50 ± 6.6 years), PD (4.24 ± 4.8 years), and cSVD (3.24 ± 5.9 years) compared to HC. Increased BAG was significantly associated with regional brain atrophy, WMH burden, and cognitive impairment across neurological disorders. Increased BAG was significantly correlated with physical disability in MS (r = 0.17).</p><p><strong>Data conclusion: </strong>Healthy individuals with accelerated brain age show high WMH burden and regional volume reduction. Neurological disorders exhibit distinct accelerated brain aging, correlated with impaired cognitive and physical function.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.</p>","PeriodicalId":16140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"869-879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of the Variability of Ventilation Defect Percent Generated From Hyperpolarized Noble Gas Pulmonary Magnetic Resonance Imaging.","authors":"Vanessa M Diamond, Laura C Bell, Jeffrey N Bone, Bastiaan Driehuys, Martha Menchaca, Giles Santyr, Sarah Svenningsen, Robert P Thomen, Helen Marshall, Laurie J Smith, Guilhem J Collier, Jim M Wild, Jason C Woods, Sean B Fain, Rachel L Eddy, Jonathan H Rayment","doi":"10.1002/jmri.29746","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmri.29746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperpolarized (HP) gas pulmonary MR ventilation images are typically quantified using ventilation defect percent (VDP); however, the test-retest variability of VDP has not been systematically established in multi-center trials. Herein, we perform a systematic review of the test-retest literature on the variability of VDP, and similar metrics, generated from HP MRI. This review utilizes the Medline, EMBASE, and EBM Reviews databases and includes studies that assessed the variability of HP MRI VDP. The protocol was registered to PROSPERO: CRD42022328535. Imaging techniques and statistical analysis characteristics were extracted and used to group studies to evaluate the overall ability to pool data across grouped studies. The ability to pool data to provide systematic evidence was assessed using a modified COSMIN tool. A total of 22 studies with 37 distinct aims for repeated HP MRI acquisition or quantification were included. Studies were grouped into six categories based on HP gas and analysis type: repeated imaging (¹²⁹Xe n = 13, ³He n = 12), interobserver repeated analysis (¹²⁹Xe n = 4, ³He n = 4) or intraobserver repeated analysis (¹²⁹Xe n = 1, ³He n = 2). Studies assessed variability using a variety of statistical tests including absolute difference, percent coefficient of variation, Bland-Altman limits of agreement, coefficient of reproducibility, or the intra-class correlation. Individual studies generally reported low variability of VDP (ICC range: 0.5-1.0; Bland-Altman bias range: -6.9-20%), but there was an overall inability to pool data and provide a meta-analysis due to methodological inconsistencies and small sample size. Overall, we found that VDP has low variability in most studies. However, inconsistent image acquisition and quantification methodologies between studies limits direct comparability and precludes grouping of study data for meta-analyses. Despite early efforts to standardize HP MRI acquisition, further work is necessary to standardize VDP quantification to allow broader validation and clinical implementation. Evidence Level: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":16140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"625-639"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technologies and Strategies for Metabolic and Molecular Imaging With Hyperpolarized MRI.","authors":"Alixander S Khan, Christoffer Laustsen","doi":"10.1002/jmri.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) offers limited sensitivity for direct metabolic and molecular imaging using non-proton nuclei due to low thermal nuclear spin polarization. Hyperpolarization (HP) technologies increase nuclear spin polarization by several orders of magnitude, overcoming this limitation to enable in vivo studies of biochemistry and physiology. A growing body of literature has shown the value in HP technologies offering metabolic and functional information useful for a variety of clinical applications. This review details the complete workflow of hyperpolarized MRI, from the methodologies used to produce hyperpolarized samples and the range of available probes to the specific imaging acquisition and data analysis strategies required to maximize the signal, and finally, its major clinical applications. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 5. TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":16140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144957233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial for \"Multi-Center, Multi-Vendor Validation of Simultaneous MRI-Based Proton Density Fat Fraction and R2* Mapping Using a Combined Proton Density Fat Fraction-R2* Phantom\".","authors":"Kathryn E Keenan","doi":"10.1002/jmri.29782","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmri.29782","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"812-813"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial for \"High-Fidelity MRI Assessment of Cerebral Perfusion in Healthy Neonates Less Than 1 Week of Age\".","authors":"Masaaki Hori, Kei Nakahara, Masahiro Kobayashi","doi":"10.1002/jmri.29745","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmri.29745","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"749-750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MR Fingerprinting Predicts Gait Improvement After Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.","authors":"R Sky Jones, Jacqueline Chen, Doksu Moon, Mathias Nittka, Tiffany Ejikeme, Dan Ma, Mark Griswold, Sean Nagel, Stephen E Jones","doi":"10.1002/jmri.29788","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmri.29788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) results in gait disturbance, but clinical response to extended lumbar drainage (ELD) of cerebrospinal fluid varies. Noninvasive predictors of response are needed.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether MR fingerprinting (MRF) findings have potential as a quantifiable biomarker for predicting clinical response to ELD in patients with NPH.</p><p><strong>Study type: </strong>Prospective cohort.</p><p><strong>Population: </strong>Twenty individuals with NPH (mean age 77.7 years; 11 male sex).</p><p><strong>Field strength/sequence: </strong>3T; 2D T₁,T₁/T₂ MRF, 3D T₁.</p><p><strong>Assessment: </strong>Patients with NPH referred for ELD between August 2020 and February 2023 were recruited and underwent brain MRI and 10 m walking test before and after ELD. Clinical response was defined as improvement in the walking test plus a positive neurosurgical assessment. Quantitative T ₁ and T ₂ values were obtained using MRF. Whole-brain T ₁ and T ₂ times were obtained for cerebral white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM). Brain volumetry was derived using a 3DT₁-weighted sequence.</p><p><strong>Statistical tests: </strong>Linear discriminants to predict responder status were derived from logistic regression against T ₁ and T ₂ times; supplementary discriminants from visual inspection (manual delineation) were created as well. Fisher's exact test was applied to resulting contingency tables with significance at p < 0.05. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 11 responders and 9 nonresponders. Pretreatment MRF demonstrated an ability to distinguish responders from nonresponders (areas under the curve: WM T ₁, 0.83 ± 0.21; GM T ₁, 0.76 ± 0.23; WM T ₂, 0.81 ± 0.22; GM T ₂, 0.81 ± 0.22). Via logistic regression, GM measures significantly predicted responder status (OR = 14.0 [1.54, 130]) but WM measures did not (p = 0.37). Visual inspection yielded significance for GM (OR incalculable due to zero-valued contingency cell) and WM (OR = 18.7 [1.56, 222]).</p><p><strong>Data conclusion: </strong>Elevated whole-brain T ₁ and T ₂ relaxation times may serve as a noninvasive predictive biomarker of response to ELD in patients with NPH.</p><p><strong>Evidence level: </strong>2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.</p>","PeriodicalId":16140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"880-889"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial for \"Stroke Mechanism Subtypes and Prognosis in Patients With Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerosis Based on Multiparametric MRI\".","authors":"Shuang Xia, Huiying Wang","doi":"10.1002/jmri.29831","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmri.29831","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"928-929"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stroke Mechanism Subtypes and Prognosis in Patients With Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerosis Based on Multiparametric MRI.","authors":"Wenqiao Zheng, Hua Wei, Fan Bai, Yichun Qu, Zhichang Fan, Yan Li, Bin Wang, Yongfang Wang, Le Wang, Xiaochun Wang","doi":"10.1002/jmri.29813","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jmri.29813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Different stroke mechanisms present with distinct imaging characteristics and prognosis. Multiparametric MRI can characterize these variations and may contribute to stroke secondary prevention.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the stroke mechanism subtypes and prognosis in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis using multiparametric MRI.</p><p><strong>Study type: </strong>Retrospective.</p><p><strong>Population: </strong>Two hundred and seventeen ischemic stroke patients (147 males; age 55.5 ± 11.7 years) with intracranial atherosclerosis.</p><p><strong>Field strength/sequence: </strong>3-T, dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted imaging (DSC-PWI); High-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI): three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted Sampling Perfection with Application optimized Contrast using different flip angle Evolution (SPACE) and contrast-enhanced T1-SPACE.</p><p><strong>Assessment: </strong>All patients underwent multiparametric MRI within 7 days of stroke symptom onset. The stroke mechanisms included branch occlusive disease (BOD), artery-to-artery embolism, hypoperfusion, and mixed mechanisms. The following imaging characteristics were assessed by three radiologists independently. HR-VWI plaque characteristics included plaque area, lipid area, lipid ratio, occlusive thrombus, degree of stenosis, plaque burden, enhancement ratio, remodeling index, and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH). The mean transit time-Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography score (MTT-ASPECTS) based on DSC-PWI was used to evaluate perfusion impairment. During a median follow-up period of 15 months, the correlation between different stroke mechanisms and prognosis was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Statistical tests: </strong>Chi-squared or Fisher's exact, Kruskal-Wallis H-tests, multivariate logistic regression, and Kaplan-Meier curves. All p-values were corrected by Bonferroni correction, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mixed mechanism was the most common subtype (32.7%). Significant differences were observed in perfusion impairment, degree of stenosis, plaque burden, enhancement ratio, IPH, and remodeling among stroke mechanisms. Of these characteristics, MTT-ASPECTS (odds ratio [OR] 0.70, 95% CI 0.562-0.863) and IPH (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.042-5.051) were significantly associated with non-BOD mechanisms. Hypoperfusion mechanism was associated with a higher risk of stroke recurrence during a median follow-up of 15 months (hazard ratio 3.97, 95% CI 1.43-11.03).</p><p><strong>Data conclusion: </strong>Multiparametric MRI may reveal differences in imaging characteristics among stroke mechanisms. Hypoperfusion may be associated with an increased risk of stroke recurrence.</p><p><strong>Evidence level: </strong>3. Technical Efficacy: Stage 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":16140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"917-927"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}