Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Descriptive analysis of safety and immunogenicity profiles of a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine between subcutaneous and intramuscular administration in a phase 1 study of healthy Japanese infants (V114-028)","authors":"Keiko Wan,&nbsp;Masayoshi Shirakawa,&nbsp;Miyuki Sawata","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Subcutaneous (SC) administration is typically used for pediatric inactivated vaccines in Japan, whereas intramuscular (IM) administration is used outside Japan. We previously reported the safety and immunogenicity of V114, a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), administered subcutaneously and intramuscularly in a Japanese phase 1 study (V114-028). Here, we report secondary descriptive analyses on V114 groups of the study to further assess the safety and immunogenicity profiles of V114 between the administration routes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 133 healthy Japanese infants were randomized to receive V114-SC (n = 44), V114-IM (n = 45), or PCV13-SC (n = 44) at approximately 3, 4, 5, and 12–15 months of age. Adverse events (AEs) from Days 1–14 post-vaccination and vaccine-related serious AEs from Day 1 to 1-month post-dose 4 were reported. Serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses were measured across the vaccination series.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Proportions of participants with solicited systemic AEs (irritability, somnolence, decreased appetite, and urticaria) and pyrexia were generally comparable between the groups. Compared with V114-SC, patients receiving V114-IM had a lower incidence of irritability and somnolence, and higher incidence of decreased appetite. Proportion of participants with solicited injection-site erythema was lower with V114-IM (82.2%) than V114-SC (100.0%). Those with other solicited injection-site AEs (induration, swelling, and pain) were generally comparable between the groups, with lower observed proportions with V114-IM. Serotype-specific IgG responses were also generally comparable between the groups, including at pre-toddler dose.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest the utility of IM administration as an option for V114 vaccination in Japanese infants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 2","pages":"Article 102539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High plasma concentration of tenofovir alafenamide in people living with HIV with ABCB1 genetic variants","authors":"Kiyoto Tsuchiya ,&nbsp;Hieu Trung Tran ,&nbsp;Akira Kawashima ,&nbsp;Koji Watanabe ,&nbsp;Akinobu Hamada ,&nbsp;Shinichi Oka ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Gatanaga","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to analyze the relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1) and G2 (ABCG2) genes and plasma concentrations of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), tenofovir (TFV), and emtricitabine (FTC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited 10 people living with HIV receiving once-daily treatment with a single tablet containing TAF (25 mg), FTC (200 mg), and bictegravir (50 mg). Peripheral blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after administration. Plasma concentrations of TAF, TFV, and FTC were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Genotyping for allelic variants of ABCB1, including 1236C &gt; T (rs1128503), 2677 G &gt; T/A (rs2032582), 3435C &gt; T (rs1045642), 4036 A &gt; G (rs3842) and ABCG2 421C &gt; A (rs2231142), was performed using TaqMan Drug Metabolism Assays.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>None of the genotypes for ABCB1 1236C &gt; T, 2677 G &gt; T/A, 3435C &gt; T, and ABCG2 421C &gt; A exhibited correlations with plasma concentrations of TAF, TFV, and FTC. In contrast, individuals with the ABCB1 4036 AG genotype (188.7 ng/mL, n = 3) exhibited a significantly higher mean peak plasma concentration of TAF than those with the ABCB1 4036 AA genotype (67.7 ng/mL, n = 7) (<em>p</em> = 0.0167). However, these genotypes did not affect the elimination of terminal half-lives of TAF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The allelic variant ABCB1 4036 A &gt; G is associated with reduced protein expression and function of ABCB1. Individuals with this genetic variant exhibited significantly high peak plasma concentrations of TAF, potentially due to the reduced expression of efflux transporters in the intestines linked to this variant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 2","pages":"Article 102541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptoms of post COVID-19 condition and diseases/conditions diagnosed after COVID-19 in Japanese patients: A real-world study using a claims database","authors":"Satoshi Kutsuna ,&nbsp;Ryotaro Tajima ,&nbsp;Genta Ito ,&nbsp;Takuji Komeda ,&nbsp;Hideyuki Miyauchi ,&nbsp;Yoshitake Kitanishi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>More than 200 symptoms of post coronavirus disease (COVID-19) condition (PCC) impacting patients’ quality of life have been reported. This study describes the symptoms of well-known PCC and diseases/conditions diagnosed after COVID-19 and analyzes the trends in well-known PCC according to the epidemic waves in the Japanese population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis in the JMDC claims database were matched 1:1 with individuals without COVID-19 diagnosis (controls) based on sex, year and month of birth, and risk factors for aggravation. The first month of COVID-19 diagnosis from January 2020–March 2022 was the index month, and the observation period was from July 2019 to 6 months from the index month (patients) and July 2019–September 2022 (controls).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 263,456 each of patients and controls after matching, 51.8 % were aged 18–49 years, 56.3 % were male, and 24.5 % had risk factors for aggravation. One in 18 patients experienced well-known PCC 2–3 months after severe acute respiratory syndrome cornonavirus 2 infection, with the highest odds ratio (OR) being for pulmonary thromboembolism (29.37), followed by smell/taste disorder (13.34) and respiratory failure (8.28). Some of the common diseases/conditions diagnosed after COVID-19 comprised those of the genitourinary system, eye and adnexa, and ear and mastoid process and certain infectious and parasitic diseases. Overall, the risk difference decreased from the first to the sixth wave, but the OR was &gt;1.00 for most symptoms even during the sixth wave.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PCC symptoms showed a declining trend over time but persisted. Physicians and patients need to recognize PCC symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 2","pages":"Article 102540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of easing COVID-19 strategies following downgrading of the national infectious disease category on COVID-19 occurrence among hospitalized patients in Japan","authors":"Miyuki Makino ,&nbsp;Yoshio Takesue ,&nbsp;Yasushi Murakami ,&nbsp;Mika Morosawa ,&nbsp;Miki Doi ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Ogashiwa ,&nbsp;Takashi Ueda ,&nbsp;Kazuhiko Nakajima ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Sugiura ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Nozaki","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>We aimed to evaluate the influence of easing COVID-19 preventive measures following its downgrading to a common infectious disease on COVID-19 occurrence among hospitalized patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nosocomial occurrence of COVID-19 was compared between periods with national infectious disease category 5 versus the preceding category 2 equivalent. Changes in the revised manual included a shorter duration of work restrictions for infected health care practitioners (HCPs); no work restriction for HCPs exposed to SARS-CoV-2 with a negative test on days 1, 3 and 5; discontinuation of universal pre-admission screening; and pre-emptive isolation of patients without screening. Wearing an N95 mask and face shield was required in procedure/care with moderate-to high-risk contact.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Although the mean monthly number of infected HCPs increased from 8.1 to 12.7 in the category 5 period (p = 0.034) and that of pre-admission screening decreased to one-fourth, the COVID-19 incidence in hospitalized patients remained similar between the two study periods (1.60 ± 5.59/month versus 1.40 ± 2.63/month, p = 0.358). Clusters, defined as ≥3 COVID-19 patients on the ward, were experienced twice in the preceding period and only once in the category 5 period. The index cases causing nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission mostly involved rehabilitation therapists in the preceding period; five of six index cases were patients in the category 5 period. Following the expanded indication for N95 masks, neither SARS-CoV-2 transmission to patients nor transmission from infected patients was observed in HCPs for 1 year.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>With sustained, enhanced standard precautions, easing prevention strategies could limit nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 2","pages":"Article 102464"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141558945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four successive cases of human fasciolosis in Japan","authors":"Ayako Kumabe ,&nbsp;Asako Doi ,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Kitaura ,&nbsp;Atsushi Katayama ,&nbsp;Takanori Harada ,&nbsp;Michimasa Ueda ,&nbsp;Risa Matsuda ,&nbsp;Madoka Ichikawa-Seki ,&nbsp;Mio Tanaka ,&nbsp;Chiho Kaneko ,&nbsp;Ayako Yoshida ,&nbsp;Hiroki Chikumi ,&nbsp;Haruhiko Maruyama","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.07.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.07.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fasciolosis is a food-borne parasitic disease, caused by the large liver fluke, <em>Fasciola</em>. Humans acquire infection by ingesting fresh or undercooked water plants, on which infective metacercaria encyst. In spite of the rarity of the disease in Japan, we encountered four successive fasciolosis patients within a short period, who were all living in the same area. The patients were 70–82 years old, three females and the husband of one of the female patients. They started complaining of non-specific symptoms, such as fever, general fatigue, appetite loss, and abdominal pain, almost at the same time. All patients showed prominent peripheral blood eosinophilia, and the medical imaging indicated multiple hepatic lesions. No parasite eggs or worms were detected in any of the patients. Diagnosis was made serologically and they were treated with praziquantel and/or triclabendazole. No cattle or sheep were farmed in the area, but the wild sika deer, <em>Cervus nippon</em>, inhabited adjacent to the residential area. The intermediate host snail, <em>Austropeplea ollula</em>, were found near the residence of the patients, and one of the collected snails was positive for <em>F. hepatica/gigantica</em> hybrid type rediae. Our report should alarm the medical professionals for this rare and unfamiliar parasitic disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 2","pages":"Article 102480"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of switching to dolutegravir/lamivudine from tenofovir alafenamide fumarate/emtricitabine/dolutegravir or abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir on body weight and lipid profile in Japanese people living with HIV","authors":"Kenichi Ikegaya ,&nbsp;Takashi Muramatsu ,&nbsp;Ryoko Sekiya ,&nbsp;Yusuke Sekine ,&nbsp;Yuko Harada ,&nbsp;Ryui Miyashita ,&nbsp;Tomoko Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Akito Ichiki ,&nbsp;Yushi Chikasawa ,&nbsp;Masato Bingo ,&nbsp;Mihoko Yotsumoto ,&nbsp;Takeshi Hagiwara ,&nbsp;Kagehiro Amano ,&nbsp;Hironori Takeuchi ,&nbsp;Ei Kinai","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The two-drug regimen of dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) is currently an optional antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite its reported advantages on body weight and lipid profile, the same effects have not yet been reported for Asian population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a single-center retrospective study involving Japanese people living with HIV (PLWH). They were divided into four groups: those who had received abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (ABC/3TC/DTG) and continued the same (ABC-ON group) or switched to DTG/3TC (ABC-OFF group), those who had received tenofovir alafenamide fumarate/emtricitabine/dolutegravir (TAF/FTC/DTG) and continued the same (TAF-ON group) or switched to DTG/3TC (TAF-OFF group). We compared changes in viral load, CD4⁺ cell count, CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio, body weight, BMI, lipid profiles, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and fibrosis index based on four factors (FIB4-index) between the pre-switch and post-switch period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 541 PLWH on DTG-based ART, 165, 94, 264 and 18 constituted the ABC-ON, ABC-OFF, TAF-ON, and TAF-OFF groups, respectively. Neither viral rebound nor CD4⁺decline was observed in the post-switch period in all groups. Multivariate analysis showed significant reduction in total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C in the ABC-OFF group (−6.280, −6.957 and −2.268, p = 0.040, 0.012 and 0.022, respectively), but not in the TAF-OFF group (−3.000, 6.708 and 0.046, p = 0.607, 0.276 and 0.983, respectively). No significant changes were observed in body weight, eGFR, or FIB4-index at 72 weeks after the discontinuation of ABC or TAF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Switching from ABC/3TC/DTG to DTG/3TC lowered lipids significantly, but not with TAF/FTC/DTG. Neither switch affected body weight or other markers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 2","pages":"Article 102544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in Japanese adults","authors":"Kohsuke Tsubaki ,&nbsp;Kei Kasahara ,&nbsp;Tomoko Asada ,&nbsp;Ryuichi Nakano ,&nbsp;Akiyo Nakano ,&nbsp;Keiichi Mikasa ,&nbsp;Masahiko Kawaguchi ,&nbsp;Hisakazu Yano","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> bacteremia (SAB), especially when caused by methicillin-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> (MRSA), is of considerable clinical importance. In recent years, the proportion of MRSA among <em>S. aureus</em> has decreased, and a relative increase in the proportion of methicillin-susceptible <em>S. aureus</em> (MSSA) has been observed. It is therefore necessary to consider both MRSA and MSSA when assessing the microbiological and clinical significance of SAB.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We included SAB cases from the Nara Medical University Hospital between January 2015 and February 2017. We performed drug susceptibility testing, toxicity gene analysis, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and polymerase chain reaction-based open reading frame typing (POT) of stored strains to integrate clinical and bacteriological characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 90 cases during the experimental period (42 MRSA and 48 MSSA), with 30-day mortality rates of 19 % for MRSA and 10.4 % for MSSA. Deaths were more frequently complicated by septic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation. MLST studies showed that ST8, ST764, ST1, and ST15 were prevalent in the MRSA group, whereas ST5, ST188, and ST12 were prevalent in MSSA. Infective endocarditis cases had a long time from onset to the initiation of effective antimicrobials and were all MSSA. MLST and POT results correlated well, and POT appeared to have better discriminatory power.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The severity and mortality of SAB, along with the microbiological characteristics of causative isolates, vary by location and time. Continued studies integrating clinical and microbiological investigations are thus needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 2","pages":"Article 102555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burkholderia cepacia contaminating fresh frozen plasma causing transfusion transmitted bacterial infection","authors":"Vithiya G (Professor) ,&nbsp;P. Shunmuga Sundaram (Professor) ,&nbsp;T. Rajendran (Head and Professor)","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial contamination of plasma is unusual owing to frozen storage nevertheless reported. We report a case of transfusion transmitted infection due to <em>Burkholderia cepacia</em> contaminating fresh frozen plasma. A 31 year old male with decompensated chronic liver disease presented with breathlessness due to pleural effusion. Due to elevated prothrombin time, fresh frozen plasma was infused. After ten minutes of transfusion, he became febrile, tachypnoeic and transfusion was stopped. Plasma bag and blood cultures from patient grew <em>B. cepacia</em>. He became hemodynamically unstable due to underlying disease and died after a week.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 2","pages":"Article 102545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for the prophylaxis of invasive fungal diseases in acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax treatment","authors":"Pengfei Li ,&nbsp;Zhiming Luo ,&nbsp;Jianchuan Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are at high risk of developing invasive fungal disease (IFD) with high morbidity and attributable mortality, including those who were received Venetoclax treatment. Venetoclax, a new oral Bcl-2 inhibitor, targets tumor cells' ability to induce apoptosis. It is the only one which is approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating newly diagnosed AML patients who are 75 years of age or older and are ineligible for intensive induction chemotherapy due to existing comorbidities. It has been shown that venetoclax-based regimens raise the risk of invasive fungal diseases (IFD) for AML patients in clinical practice. Because it can lead to prolonged and profound neutropenia in AML patients, with IFD incidence rates ranging from 5.1 % to 32 %, resulting in higher mortality rates. Because of drug-drug interactions between Venetoclax and partial antifungal agents, to choose anti-fungal prophylaxis and to adjust the dosage of agents rationally for AML patients seems crucial to physicians to those who are undergoing venetoclax-based chemotherapy. Therefore, this review aims to summary the mechanism and characteristic of IFD in AML patients and provide practical clinical suggestions and details for the prophylaxis of IFD in AML patients suffering Venetoclax<em>-</em>based treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 2","pages":"Article 102576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and associated risk factors among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Tesfay Abadi ,&nbsp;Takele Teklu ,&nbsp;Tadelo Wondmagegn ,&nbsp;Meseret Alem ,&nbsp;Girmay Desalegn","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>H. pylori</em> infection is a common bacterial infection worldwide, but its prevalence varies widely between different regions and populations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of <em>H. pylori</em> infection and associated risk factors among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in northern Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2020 in four randomly selected health facilities located in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. A total of 463 study participants were enrolled, of whom 288 were HIV-positive and 175 were HIV-negative individuals. <em>H. pylori</em> stool antigen tests were performed to detect <em>H. pylori</em> infection. Additionally, CD4⁺ T cell counts were measured from only a certain number of participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall prevalence of <em>H. pylori</em> infection among enrolled study participants was 39.7 %. Notably, the <em>H. pylori</em> infection rate was significantly higher in HIV-positive patients (43.4 %) compared to HIV-negative individuals (33.7 %); χ² = 4.27, <em>p</em> = 0.039. Higher <em>H. pylori</em> prevalence was observed in participants with higher CD4⁺ T cell counts in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. Khat chewing habit, education, and monthly income levels were significantly associated with <em>H. pylori</em> infection in HIV-negative individuals, while the association between Body mass index (BMI) and <em>H. pylori</em> infection was observed in HIV-positive patients, but not HIV-negative individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrates a higher prevalence of <em>H. pylori</em> infection in HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-negative individuals, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive diagnostics, patient care, and management of <em>H. pylori</em> infection in HIV-positive individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 2","pages":"Article 102517"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}