Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the GeneSoC rapid quantitative PCR system for Treponema pallidum detection","authors":"Hitomi Mizushina ,&nbsp;Kazuo Imai ,&nbsp;Yuki Ohama ,&nbsp;Akihiro Sato ,&nbsp;Masashi Tanaka ,&nbsp;Ryuha Omachi ,&nbsp;Keita Takeuchi ,&nbsp;Shu-ichi Nakayama ,&nbsp;Yukihiro Akeda ,&nbsp;Takuya Maeda","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incidence of syphilis, caused by <em>Treponema pallidum</em> (TP), is increasing worldwide. Nucleic acid amplification tests, including quantitative PCR (qPCR), are valuable for diagnosing primary syphilis, particularly using ulcer/lesion swabs. Recent studies have also shown the promising diagnostic performance of nucleic acid amplification tests using saliva. The GeneSoC platform, a rapid qPCR system capable of completing 50 PCR cycles in 15 min, has been used for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, but has not been assessed for syphilis. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the GeneSoC rapid qPCR assay for TP detection in clinical samples. We evaluated clinical specimens from ulcer/lesion swabs (syphilis, <em>n</em> = 43; non-syphilis, <em>n</em> = 20) and saliva (syphilis, <em>n</em> = 33; non-syphilis, <em>n</em> = 20). All syphilis samples were confirmed to be positive by conventional qPCR and stored before analysis with the GeneSoC rapid qPCR assay. The GeneSoC rapid qPCR assay had a detection limit for TP DNA of 20 copies/reaction, compared with 2 copies for the conventional qPCR assay. The results for the GeneSoC and conventional qPCR assays showed 100 % concordance for ulcer/lesion swabs. For saliva samples, the positive agreement rate was lower with crude DNA (63.6 %) but improved with purified DNA (84.8 %). The negative agreement rate was 100 % for both sample types. The GeneSoC rapid qPCR assay is a promising point-of-care test for primary syphilis using ulcer/lesion swabs. However, further optimization and validation, especially for saliva, are needed for its broader clinical use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 8","pages":"Article 102765"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of booster vaccination on post-treatment oxygen deterioration in hospitalized mild-to-moderate COVID-19 Japanese patients with comorbidities during the Omicron wave","authors":"Shunsaku Hayai ,&nbsp;Kensuke Fukumitsu ,&nbsp;Atsushi Suzuki ,&nbsp;Jun Fukihara ,&nbsp;Takuma Katano ,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Yonezawa ,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Ogisu ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Tanaka ,&nbsp;Takahiro Inoue ,&nbsp;Hisashi Kako ,&nbsp;Yuri Maeda ,&nbsp;Makoto Ishii ,&nbsp;Akio Niimi ,&nbsp;Kazuyoshi Imaizumi ,&nbsp;Etsuro Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Although the emergence of the Omicron variant has decreased overall mortality from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to the Delta variant, elderly individuals with comorbidities remain at increased risk of adverse outcomes. While vaccination and antiviral treatments have reduced the severity of COVID-19, data on the impact of booster vaccination on post-hospitalization oxygen deterioration in the Japanese population remain limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective study of hospitalized mild-to-moderate COVID-19 Japanese patients during the Omicron variant wave (December 2021 to October 2022). Both vaccinated and unvaccinated patients were included and categorized into three groups based on their vaccination status: unvaccinated (0–1 vaccine dose), primary series (2 vaccine doses), and booster group (3–4 vaccine doses). Demographic and clinical data were collected, and the frequency and time to post-hospitalization oxygen deterioration were evaluated among the three groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 596 patients were analyzed (141 unvaccinated, 180 primary series, and 275 booster group). The booster group showed significantly lower rates of oxygen deterioration and a longer time to deterioration compared to the other groups, despite being older and having more comorbidities. A multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and gender, revealed that booster vaccination was significantly associated with a reduced risk of oxygen deterioration after initial treatment. Similar results were observed in the subgroup analysis of elderly patients aged 65 years and older.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of booster vaccination on preventing post-treatment oxygen deterioration in hospitalized mild-to-moderate COVID-19 Japanese patients with comorbidities during the Omicron wave.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 8","pages":"Article 102764"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe drug eruption induced by teicoplanin, complicated by hemophagocytic syndrome: A case report and brief literature review","authors":"Hiroyuki Kato,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Kitaura,&nbsp;Syotaro Ishihara,&nbsp;Ryota Amitani,&nbsp;Kyosuke Nagamizu,&nbsp;Kensaku Okada,&nbsp;Masaki Nakamoto,&nbsp;Hiroki Chikumi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 67-year-old male was treated with ampicillin for infective endocarditis and lumbar pyogenic spondylitis caused by <em>Enterococcus fecalis</em>. The patient was switched to the antibacterial drug teicoplanin because of ampicillin-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis, and fever and skin rash were observed on the eighth day after the drug change. The fever and skin rash gradually resolved; however, hepatotoxicity and thrombocytopenia were observed subsequently. Owing to elevated ferritin and sIL-2R levels, a bone marrow puncture was performed, revealing hemophagocytosis, leading to a diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome. Although teicoplanin-induced hemophagocytic syndrome has not been previously reported and is considered rare, clinicians should be aware of its adverse effects, particularly when a severe drug eruption is accompanied by thrombocytopenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 8","pages":"Article 102763"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first case of bacteremia caused by Desulfovibrio legallii","authors":"Shinichiro Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Masahiro Hayashi ,&nbsp;Tomonori Yaguchi ,&nbsp;Jun Taguchi ,&nbsp;Ryo Oshima ,&nbsp;Takahiro Hosokawa ,&nbsp;Kaori Tanaka ,&nbsp;Jun Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the first documented case of bacteremia caused by <em>Desulfovibrio legallii</em>. A 55-year-old man with multiple system atrophy was admitted to our hospital for rehabilitation. During hospitalization, he developed a fever and rigors. Blood cultures were obtained, and the anaerobic blood culture yielded spiral-shaped, Gram-negative rods. The isolated strain could not be identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry but was subsequently identified as <em>D. legallii</em> by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 8","pages":"Article 102762"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Stenotrophomonas malthophilia bloodstream infections from guidance to real life: multicenter retrospective cohort study","authors":"Renato Pascale ,&nbsp;Angelo Maccaro ,&nbsp;Mena Gallo ,&nbsp;Francesca Giovannenze ,&nbsp;Monica Tontodonati ,&nbsp;Stefania Chiappetta ,&nbsp;Gabriele Pagani ,&nbsp;Michele Bartoletti ,&nbsp;Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa ,&nbsp;Matteo Bassetti ,&nbsp;Silvia Corcione ,&nbsp;Antonio Vena ,&nbsp;Maddalena Giannella ,&nbsp;SITA GIOVANI (Young Investigators Group of the Società Italiana Terapia Antinfettiva)","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Infectious Diseases Society of America guidance recommend the use of combination therapy (CT) for the treatment of <em>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM)</em> infections. The aims of our study are to describe therapeutical management of patients with SM bloodstream infections (SM-BSI) and to evaluate the impact of antibiotic CT compared to monotherapy (MT) on 30-days mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Multicenter, retrospective study of patients with SM-BSI hospitalized in 14 centers between January 2021–December 2022. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk factors for 30-days mortality including CT therapy as main exposure. To address potential confounding, an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) approach was used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>64 patients with SM-BSI analyzed: 32 (50 %) male, median age of 65 years (IQR: 55–75). MT was administered in 49 patients (76.6 %) and CT in 15 (23.4 %). Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole was the most frequent drug used in both MT and CT. Levofloxacin was the second preferred MT. Patients receiving CT were more frequently admitted in ICU with septic shock at BSI onset. At multivariable analysis, septic shock (OR: 7.65, 95 %CI: 1.32–44.48, p = 0.023) and haematological malignancies (OR: 6.82, 95 %CI: 1.50–30.88, p = 0.013) were independent risk factors for 30-day mortality. Using an IPTW-based multivariable analysis, CT showed a non-significant trend toward a protective effect on 30-day mortality (OR: 0.88; 95 % CI: 0.23–3.42; p = 0.855).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CT for SM-BSI is used in a minority of cases in our cohort, representing the worst clinical scenarios. Further evidence is needing to confirm the impact of CT on outcome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 8","pages":"Article 102759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Irish national OPAT programme: A decade of data and insights","authors":"P. Reidy ,&nbsp;E. Sweeney ,&nbsp;F. O'Connor ,&nbsp;E.G. Muldoon","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive analysis of ten years of data from the Irish National Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) registry. Initiated in 2013, the Irish OPAT programme is a centralised model which collates data from all referrals to the National OPAT programme. Data from 39 institutions revealed 17,558 OPAT episodes, involving 12,725 unique patients, with a steady increase in usage until a decline in 2021–2022 attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of care was delivered through health professional administered OPAT (H-OPAT), with a smaller but increasing proportion via self-administered OPAT (S-OPAT). Key findings include a median patient age of 59, a median treatment duration of 19.2 days, and significant variation noted in treatment durations and condition usage across hospitals. Ceftriaxone emerged as the most prescribed antimicrobial. The registry highlighted the programme's impact on bed day savings, with a total of 292,825 days saved over the decade. Variances in treatment practices were observed, pointing to the need for ongoing evaluation of antimicrobial stewardship and treatment protocols. The study underscores the importance of national registries in monitoring and improving OPAT services and calls for integration of microbiological data to enhance stewardship. Future directions include adapting to emerging evidence favouring oral over parenteral therapy for certain conditions, and how these complex patients can be managed and integrated within an OPAT structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 8","pages":"Article 102758"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral treatment for influenza in Japan","authors":"Tadashi Ishida","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anti-influenza drugs reduce the viral load, which leads to improvement of symptoms, a reduced illness period, suppression of complications, and protection from transmission.</div><div>It is desirable to administer antiviral drugs within 48 h of the onset of symptoms. The use of antiviral drugs is limited mainly to individuals who are hospitalized, those who have severe, complicated, or progressive illness, or those who are at high risk for influenza complications in western countries. On the other hand, in Japan, anti-influenza drugs have been widely used from the onset of the disease by general practitioners in order to ease symptoms, that leads to suppressed development of severe complications. Five drugs for influenza are available in Japan at present, which is thought to be that influenza treatment in Japan is the advanced one in the world.</div><div>Baloxavir, the newest anti-influenza drug which has different mechanism from neuraminidase inhibitors rapidly reduce viral loads. Baloxavir is recommended as oseltamivir for the treatment of influenza.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 8","pages":"Article 102760"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unique microbial profiles and severity-associated alterations in the peritoneal fluid of children with acute appendicitis","authors":"Tsubasa Aiyoshi ,&nbsp;Tomo Kakihara ,&nbsp;Eiichiro Watanabe ,&nbsp;Nao Tanaka ,&nbsp;Yusuke Ogata ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Masuoka ,&nbsp;Rina Kurokawa ,&nbsp;Jun Fujishiro ,&nbsp;Wataru Suda ,&nbsp;Kouji Masumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intra-abdominal abscesses (IAA) after appendectomy for acute appendicitis (AA) result from residual bacteria in the abdominal cavity. However, the microbiota of the peritoneal fluid (PF) in children with AA has not been well-characterized, particularly through culture-independent methods. This study aimed to characterize the PF microbiota using next-generation sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This observational study prospectively enrolled 21 pediatric AA patients (simple appendicitis [SA], n = 11; complicated appendicitis [CA], n = 10) who underwent appendectomy. PF and appendiceal lumen samples were collected, and their microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The most abundant bacterial genera in the PF microbiota were <em>Bacteroides</em>, <em>Parvimonas</em>, <em>Prevotella</em>, <em>Streptococcus</em>, <em>Blautia</em>, and <em>Fusobacterium</em>, each exhibiting an average relative abundance of ≥5 %. Redundancy analysis revealed a significant correlation between serum C-reactive protein levels and the composition of the PF microbiota (P = 0.011). In addition, nine bacterial genera showed significantly higher relative abundances in SA than in CA. The microbiota of the PF and appendiceal lumen differed regarding alpha- and beta-diversity and the average relative abundance of 19 bacterial genera.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The PF microbiota exhibits a unique composition distinct from that of the appendiceal lumen. Furthermore, it demonstrates alterations associated with the severity of AA, reflecting both the degree of inflammatory response, as indicated by serum CRP levels, and pathological severity, as defined by the distinction between SA and CA. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of postoperative IAA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 8","pages":"Article 102761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the safety and efficacy of Azithromycin in Cystic fibrosis: A systematic review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Aya Abd Elmegeed ,&nbsp;Mariam A. Lotfy ,&nbsp;Ahmed R. Abdullah ,&nbsp;Esraa S.F. Sudan ,&nbsp;Rania M. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Naglaa M. Marzuuk ,&nbsp;Abdel-Karim Aljebeai ,&nbsp;Muhammad M. Hassan ,&nbsp;Syed Arman Rabbani ,&nbsp;Gerrit Jacob ,&nbsp;Pojsakorn Danpanichkul ,&nbsp;Abdelrahman M. Attia","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients experience chronic lung inflammation and decline. Azithromycin (AZM), a macrolide antibiotic, offers potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial benefits. We aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AZM therapy in patients with CF. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane on 22 December 2023. We included all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using R Studio software (version: 2023.12.1). Continuous outcomes were expressed as weighted mean differences with standard deviation (SD), and dichotomous variables were reported as relative risks with a 95 % confidence interval (CI). A total of 18 studies comprising 2877 patients were included, with 11 studies meeting the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. AZM significantly reduced the need for new oral antibiotics (RR = 0.77; 95 % CI: [0.66, 0.89]). No significant increase in adverse events was observed. However, lung function (FEV1, FVC, FEF), inflammatory markers, and pulmonary exacerbations remained unchanged. Azithromycin holds promise for managing CF, but further research is needed to fully understand its long-term impact on lung health and resistance patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 8","pages":"Article 102756"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of factors affecting fluctuations in urinary oxygen tension and relationship to obligate anaerobic bacterial growth","authors":"Yuki Sato ,&nbsp;Koji Ichihara ,&nbsp;Ryo Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Shinya Nirasawa ,&nbsp;Yuki Katayama ,&nbsp;Ryosei Murai ,&nbsp;Satoshi Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Obligate anaerobes are infrequently detected in routine urine cultures, potentially due to increased urinary oxygen tension (UpO2) following air exposure, which compromises their viability. This study evaluates time-dependent changes in UpO2 and their impact on the viability of obligate anaerobes in urine to improve diagnostic accuracy in suspected anaerobic urinary tract infections (UTIs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Urine samples from healthy volunteers were stored in containers and monitored for UpO2 over time. <em>Bacteroides fragilis</em> and <em>Fusobacterium nucleatum</em> were inoculated into urine samples, and bacterial viability was assessed under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at multiple time points.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average UpO2 level immediately after urine collection was 66.9 Torr. No significant correlation was found between UpO2 levels and factors such as age, sex, urine dipstick test results, time of urine collection, or the interval between urinations. UpO2 increased significantly upon air exposure, whereas CO2-filled containers (Kenkiporter II) effectively maintained low oxygen tension. <em>B. fragilis</em> and <em>F. nucleatum</em> did not affect the changes in UpO2. Under aerobic conditions, <em>B. fragilis</em> remained viable for up to 1440 min (24 h), while <em>F. nucleatum</em> showed marked oxygen sensitivity and was undetectable in smear testing after 360 min.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights the importance of minimizing oxygen exposure in urine samples. When anaerobic UTIs are suspected, immediate anaerobic culture using appropriate containers should be considered to improve detection rates and avoid false negatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"31 8","pages":"Article 102757"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}