{"title":"High Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Its Impact on Quality of Life in Patients with Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease.","authors":"Issei Oi, Isao Ito, Nobuyoshi Hamao, Masahiro Shirata, Kensuke Nishioka, Yasuyuki Hayashi, Seiichiro Imai, Toyohiro Hirai","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2026.102992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2026.102992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is a known complication of various chronic diseases; however, its prevalence in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD) remains unclear. Although patients with MAC-LD have an impaired health-related quality of life (HrQoL), previous studies on HrQoL have lacked an assessment of depressive symptoms, which could be associated with HrQoL.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with MAC-LD to assess whether depressive symptoms are related to HrQoL and examined factors associated with the presence of depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We cross-sectionally enrolled outpatients with MAC-LD attending Kyoto University Hospital who had no treatment changes or hospitalizations for at least 3 months before enrollment. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). A PHQ-9 score of ≥5 indicated depressive symptoms, and a score of ≥10 indicated more severe depressive symptoms. HrQoL was evaluated using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 100 enrolled patients with MAC-LD, 35 (35%) had a PHQ-9 score ≥5 and 8 (8%) had a score ≥10. The total SGRQ score was significantly associated with dyspnea, cough, C-reactive protein level, and PHQ-9 score (p < 0.0001, <0.0001, p=0.013, and p =0.035, respectively). Depressive symptoms were associated with severe fatigue and family history of psychiatric diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depressive symptoms were highly prevalent among patients with MAC-LD, and the HrQoL of patients with depressive symptoms was worse than that of patients without depressive symptoms. Healthcare-providers should carefully assess patient symptoms to avoid overlooking coexisting depressive symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"102992"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatma Gul Yumrucu , Emre Kara , Leyla Yumrukaya , Hatice Yagmur Zengin , Selen Yegenoglu , Ahmet Cagkan Inkaya , Gokhan Metan , Omrum Uzun
{"title":"Clinical pharmacist-led implementation of an intravenous-to-oral antimicrobial switch protocol: A prospective Quasi-experimental study","authors":"Fatma Gul Yumrucu , Emre Kara , Leyla Yumrukaya , Hatice Yagmur Zengin , Selen Yegenoglu , Ahmet Cagkan Inkaya , Gokhan Metan , Omrum Uzun","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2026.102925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2026.102925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In antimicrobial therapy, early intravenous-to-oral switch (IVOS) is recommended for eligible patients to minimize complications and optimize pharmacoeconomic outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a clinical pharmacist-led multimodal intervention strategy on IVOS rates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective before-and-after study was conducted between January and June 2024, including observation and intervention periods. Hospitalized adults receiving IV antimicrobials were included. A two-round expert panel was convened prior to data collection to identify the criteria for IVOS. During the observation period, IV antimicrobial utilization patterns were monitored without intervention. The intervention period involved the implementation of a standardized IVOS protocol, targeted education for infectious disease physicians, and switch recommendations for eligible treatments. The primary endpoint was the difference in IVOS rates between study periods among eligible treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 962 IV antimicrobial courses evaluated, 213 (22.1%) met the eligibility criteria for IVOS. Among patients who met IVOS eligibility criteria, the proportion undergoing overall IVOS increased from 29.0% in the observation period to 54.0% in the intervention period (p < 0.001). Among 113 IVOS-eligible cases, pharmacists recommended switching in 57 (50.4%), with a 59.6% physician acceptance rate (34/57). No significant differences were observed between periods for: microbiological cure rates, <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> infection incidence, intensive care unit admission rates, antimicrobial reinitiation within 48 h of treatment cessation, 15- and 30-day readmission and mortality rates. Antimicrobial costs decreased significantly from $15,600.30 (all-parenteral baseline) and $14,997.40 (adjusted baseline) to $8333.81 post intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The intervention was associated with a substantial increase in overall IVOS among eligible patients, supporting its effectiveness in promoting timely de-escalation from intravenous therapy. Clinical pharmacist-led initiatives optimize appropriate switching and antimicrobial utilization in stewardship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"32 3","pages":"Article 102925"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146142513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of recombinant human thrombomodulin in a pediatric case of COVID-19–associated coagulopathy: A case report","authors":"Fumihiro Ochi , Kozo Nagai , Shiori Ukita , Ayuko Yoshida , Mika Kawabe , Tomozo Moritani , Naoko Nakano , Eiichi Yamamoto , Hisamichi Tauchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2026.102926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2026.102926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated coagulopathy (CAC) is a known extrapulmonary complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, primarily studied in adults. As a result, pediatric data are limited, and management strategies remain under investigation. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rh-TM), an anticoagulant with anti-inflammatory and antifibrinolytic properties, has shown promise in sepsis-induced coagulopathy; however, it has not been widely studied in children with CAC. A previously healthy 5-year-old girl presented with severe CAC secondary to COVID-19. She initially presented with persistent fever, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, and gingival bleeding. Laboratory evaluation revealed significant coagulopathy characterized by high D-dimer (≥110.3 μg/mL), fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (328.6 μg/mL), thrombin–antithrombin complex (≥120 ng/mL), and plasmin–α2 plasmin inhibitor complex (7.7 μg/mL), along with thrombocytopenia and prolonged prothrombin time and international normalized ratio and activated partial thromboplastin time. Imaging showed ground-glass opacities on chest computed tomography (CT) and increased <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in positron emission tomography–CT. A multidisciplinary treatment regimen was initiated, including intravenous immunoglobulin, remdesivir, rh-TM, corticosteroids, low-dose aspirin, and budesonide inhalation. Levels of coagulation markers gradually normalized, and the patient's clinical symptoms resolved without further complications. She was discharged on day 29 of illness and remained relapse-free after 1 year of follow-up. This case highlights the potential utility of rh-TM as part of a tailored multimodal treatment strategy for pediatric CAC. Early recognition and individualized, stage-specific therapy may contribute to favorable outcomes. However, further studies are warranted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rh-TM in children with CAC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"32 3","pages":"Article 102926"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced guideline-compliant antimicrobial prophylaxis based on preoperative urine culture pathogens reduces bloodstream infection and sepsis following ureteroscopic lithotripsy","authors":"Katsuhiro Onishi , Hiroshi Morioka , Masashi Yamamoto , Daisuke Tsuchimoto , Mitsuru Nishio , Yoshie Moriya , Toru Kimura","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2026.102924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2026.102924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Positive preoperative urine culture is a risk factor for infection after ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL). However, the effectiveness of tailoring antimicrobial prophylaxis (AP) to pathogens identified in preoperative urine culture remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate whether three AP strategies reduce bloodstream infections and sepsis following URSL.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-center retrospective observational study was conducted between April 2019 and March 2025 at Komaki City Hospital, Japan. AP was classified into three categories: guideline-compliant AP (GC-AP, which do not cover all detected pathogens), pathogen-directed AP (PD-AP, which cover all pathogens but is non-guideline-compliant), and enhanced GC-AP (GC-AP or AP with an extended spectrum of antibiotics to which all pathogens detected in the preoperative urine culture are susceptible). The incidences of bloodstream infections and sepsis after URSL were compared among the three groups. The risk factors for postoperative sepsis were analyzed using multivariable logistic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The enhanced GC-AP group had fewer bloodstream infections than the GC-AP group (0.67% [1/149] vs. 8.11% [6/74], p = 0.0059). No bloodstream infections were observed in the PD-AP group. However, the incidence of sepsis was significantly higher in the PD-AP group than in the enhanced GC-AP group (28.6% [8/28] vs. 10.7% [16/149], p = 0.030). Multivariable analysis showed that enhanced GC-AP significantly reduced the incidence of sepsis after URSL (odds ratio: 0.41, 95% confidence interval: 0.18–0.93, p = 0.023).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Enhanced GC-AP reduced bloodstream infections and sepsis after URSL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"32 3","pages":"Article 102924"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Taguchi , Hiroshi Morioka , Yoshiyuki Tokuda , Tomonari Uemura , Hiroshi Hamada , Ken-ichi Iwata , Kohei Kanda , Keisuke Oka , Tetsuya Yagi
{"title":"Delayed Cutibacterium acnes infection of a thoracic aortic graft presenting as empyema: A case report and literature review","authors":"Jun Taguchi , Hiroshi Morioka , Yoshiyuki Tokuda , Tomonari Uemura , Hiroshi Hamada , Ken-ichi Iwata , Kohei Kanda , Keisuke Oka , Tetsuya Yagi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2026.102922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2026.102922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cutibacterium acnes</em> is a low-virulence skin commensal that can cause late-onset prosthetic graft infections. We report the case of a 60-year-old man with diabetes who presented with fever and bilateral chest pain 10 months after an ascending aortic graft replacement. Computed tomography revealed right-sided pleural effusion and perigraft fluid collections; extended incubation of the pleural fluid and blood samples revealed <em>C. acnes</em>. Seven weeks after the intravenous antibiotic therapy, the patient underwent mediastinal irrigation, explantation of the infected graft, replacement with a rifampicin-soaked prosthesis, and omental flap coverage. Extended incubation of intraoperative specimens resulted in <em>C. acnes</em> in both samples. Following four additional weeks of intravenous antibiotic therapy, long-term oral amoxicillin suppression was initiated. At one-year follow-up, the patient remained clinically stable without evidence of recurrence. This case highlights the importance of extended incubation, vigilant diagnostic evaluation, and combined surgical and antimicrobial management in delayed <em>C. acnes</em> vascular graft infections. We also reviewed relevant literature on <em>C. acne</em>s prosthetic vascular infections to contextualize this case.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"32 3","pages":"Article 102922"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146131637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical utility of the MN severity criteria in predicting recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection","authors":"Jun Hirai , Yuki Hanai","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2026.102930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2026.102930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Clostridioides difficile</em> infection (CDI) frequently recurs and remains a major clinical challenge. The MN severity criteria, a Japanese scoring system for assessing acute CDI severity, have not previously been evaluated for predicting recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study between January 2011 and July 2025. The MN severity score was calculated at diagnosis. CDI recurrence was defined as symptomatic infection with a positive stool toxin test within 8 weeks after initial clinical response. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to evaluate predictors of recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 558 eligible patients, 139 (24.9%) experienced CDI recurrence. Patients with recurrence had significantly higher MN severity scores at diagnosis (median 9 vs. 8, p < 0.001). An MN score ≥9 predicted recurrence with an area under the ROC curve of 0.70 (sensitivity 69.1%, specificity 63.3%). In multivariable analysis, an MN score ≥9 was independently associated with recurrence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.97–7.61). Hematologic malignancy (2.28, 1.21–4.28) was also independently associated with recurrence, whereas use of potassium-competitive acid blockers was protective (0.33, 0.12–0.90). Higher MN severity scores were additionally associated with a shorter time to recurrence and a lower clinical cure rate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The MN severity score, originally developed to assess acute CDI severity, also independently predicts 8-week recurrence. Incorporating the MN criteria into routine clinical practice may facilitate early identification of patients at high risk for recurrence and support individualized post-treatment strategies, including enhanced monitoring and recurrence-prevention interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"32 3","pages":"Article 102930"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moeko Ohara , Mitsutaka Iguchi , Teruko Ohkura , Yukari Osada , Jun Taguchi , Kohei Kanda , Toshihiko Okumura , Hiroshi Morioka , Keisuke Oka , Tetsuya Yagi
{"title":"Evaluation of an in-house rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) using the direct disk-diffusion method for gram-negative bacilli from positive blood cultures in a Japanese tertiary hospital","authors":"Moeko Ohara , Mitsutaka Iguchi , Teruko Ohkura , Yukari Osada , Jun Taguchi , Kohei Kanda , Toshihiko Okumura , Hiroshi Morioka , Keisuke Oka , Tetsuya Yagi","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2026.102927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2026.102927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) by direct disk-diffusion (DD) on positive blood cultures can shorten the time to optimize therapy for bloodstream infections. Since 2014, we have implemented an in-house RAST-DD protocol for gram-negative bacilli based on CLSI M100-S23.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Positive blood cultures processed between April and September 2024 were tested using our in-house RAST-DD method (12-antimicrobial panel including cefmetazole [CMZ]) and compared with broth microdilution interpreted according to CLSI M100-ED29. Categorical agreement (CA) and error rates—very major (VME), major (ME), and minor (mE)—were calculated. We also assessed the effects of applying updated CLSI criteria and rapid species identification, and evaluated the clinical utility of CMZ for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 234 g-negative isolates (206 Enterobacterales, 28 glucose non-fermenters), most agents showed high CA, but VMEs occurred for cefepime and ceftriaxone, and MEs for cefazolin and tazobactam/piperacillin among Enterobacterales. Applying CLSI M100-ED29 susceptible dose-dependent criteria and rapid identification reduced VMEs and mEs (CA 93.8%, VME 0.1%, ME 5.4%, mE 0.6%). CMZ achieved 100% CA for Enterobacterales excluding chromosomal AmpC producers and supported carbapenem-sparing treatment in several ESBL-producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> bacteremia cases with favorable outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The in-house RAST-DD method demonstrated reliable performance for gram-negative bacilli. Updating interpretive criteria and incorporating rapid identification reduced interpretive errors. Inclusion of a CMZ disk in the RAST panel may support carbapenem-sparing therapy for ESBL-producing Enterobacterales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"32 3","pages":"Article 102927"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The usefulness of cytomegalovirus IgG avidity tests for predicting congenital cytomegalovirus infection: A comparison between chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","authors":"Kenji Tanimura , Akiko Uchida , Takumi Kido , Kazumichi Fujioka , Ichiro Morioka , Toshio Minematsu , Hideto Yamada","doi":"10.1016/j.jiac.2026.102929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jiac.2026.102929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study evaluated the correlation between cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG avidity measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and assessed the usefulness of CMIA for predicting congenital CMV (cCMV) infection, compared with ELISA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 130 serum samples, previously tested for CMV IgG avidity using ELISA, were selected. Thirty samples were obtained from pregnant women positive for both CMV-specific IgG (CMV IgG) and IgM, and 100 samples were obtained from pregnant women positive for CMV IgG but negative for CMV IgM. CMV IgG avidities in these stored sera were measured by CMIA and compared with the ELISA results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A strong positive correlation was observed between CMV IgG avidities measured by ELISA and CMIA among the 30 pregnant women positive for both CMV IgG and IgM (Spearman's <em>ρ</em> = 0.78, <em>p</em> = 3.8 × 10<sup>−7</sup>). Additionally, in 121 women (93.1%), the CMIA classifications of low and high avidities (low: <50%Avi, high: ≥60%Avi) were consistent with those from ELISA (low: <35%, high: >40%). Among the 18 pregnant women whose newborns had cCMV infection, eight and six were classified as having low avidities by ELISA and CMIA, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The high concordance rate in classifying CMV IgG avidities as low or high between ELISA and CMIA suggests that both methods exhibit similar clinical usefulness in predicting cCMV infection resulting from primary maternal CMV infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"32 3","pages":"Article 102929"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}