Drug Testing and Analysis最新文献_第3页

Influence of Different Washing Hair Procedures in the Quantitative Determination of THC and THCCOOH. 不同洗发方式对四氢大麻酚和四氢大麻酚定量测定的影响。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-04-12 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70073

Valentina Martini, Alessandro Raffagli, Cristiana Stramesi, Claudia Vignali, Stefania Ortu, Paolo Franceschini, Ilaria Baudone, Paolo Bucchioni, Luca Morini

{"title":"Influence of Different Washing Hair Procedures in the Quantitative Determination of THC and THCCOOH.","authors":"Valentina Martini, Alessandro Raffagli, Cristiana Stramesi, Claudia Vignali, Stefania Ortu, Paolo Franceschini, Ilaria Baudone, Paolo Bucchioni, Luca Morini","doi":"10.1002/dta.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.70073","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental exposure can affect hair analysis, making decontamination a critical preanalytical step. No standardized washing protocol exists, and laboratories use different solvent combinations. This study evaluated the impact of three common hair decontamination procedures on THC and its primary metabolite, THCCOOH, in cannabinoid-positive hair samples. Hair samples were longitudinally divided into three aliquots and subjected to three different washing protocols. After alkaline hydrolysis, THC and THCCOOH were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-MS/MS (NCI), respectively. In selected cases, washing solvents were also analyzed to assess analyte loss during decontamination. THC concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 3.9 ng/mg and were significantly influenced by the washing procedure. Compared with Protocol A, mean THC losses of 18.5% and 54.2% were observed after Protocols B and C, respectively, with reductions exceeding 80.0% in several samples following Protocol C. In some cases, this decrease was sufficient to shift samples from positive to negative relative to the 0.05 ng/mg cut-off. Analysis of washing solvents confirmed substantial extraction of THC during Protocol C, particularly in the dichloromethane fraction following the aqueous wash. In contrast, THCCOOH concentrations showed minimal variability across all washing procedures, with mean losses below 10.0%. The choice of washing protocol markedly affects THC quantification in hair, potentially leading to underestimation and misclassification, whereas THCCOOH remains largely unaffected. These findings highlight the need for standardized decontamination procedures to ensure reliable and comparable results in forensic and clinical hair analysis.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemical Straightening as a Source of Analytical Variability in Hair Testing: A Dual-Analyte Case Report. 化学拉直作为头发测试分析变异性的来源：一个双分析病例报告。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-04-08 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70071

Miriam Blanco-Ces, Ana de-Castro-Ríos, María Cobo-Golpe, Ángela López-Rabuñal, Angelines Cruz, Elena Lendoiro

{"title":"Chemical Straightening as a Source of Analytical Variability in Hair Testing: A Dual-Analyte Case Report.","authors":"Miriam Blanco-Ces, Ana de-Castro-Ríos, María Cobo-Golpe, Ángela López-Rabuñal, Angelines Cruz, Elena Lendoiro","doi":"10.1002/dta.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.70071","url":null,"abstract":"Hair analysis is increasingly used in forensic toxicology; however, result interpretation may be influenced by cosmetic hair treatments. Although the effects of bleaching, dyeing, and thermal straightening have already been evaluated, data on permanent chemical hair straightening are scarce, particularly under in vivo conditions. This case report evaluates the impact of an alkaline-based permanent hair straightening procedure on the determination of an endogenous compound, gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), and an exogenous drug, alprazolam, in hair. Hair samples were collected from a 39-year-old woman before and 1 month after undergoing chemical hair straightening based on ammonium thioglycolate. Adjacent hair strands corresponding to identical temporal windows were analyzed. GHB was quantified in 0.5-cm hair segments using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, whereas alprazolam was analyzed in 2-cm segments using a validated LC-MS/MS method for drugs of abuse and psychoactive pharmaceuticals. All analyzed segments were positive for GHB in both samples. After the straightening procedure, endogenous GHB concentrations showed a pronounced increase compared with pretreatment levels, with fold changes ranging from approximately 6 to 43 in corresponding segments. In contrast, alprazolam concentrations in segments corresponding to the reported period of drug intake decreased by approximately 1.7- to 2-fold following chemical straightening. This case report demonstrates that permanent chemical hair straightening can produce marked and analyte-dependent effects on hair drug concentrations. These findings emphasize the importance of systematic documentation of cosmetic hair treatments and careful interpretation of hair analysis results in forensic casework, particularly when analyte concentrations are low.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147631904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural Characterization of 4-Fluorometomidate: A Novel Metomidate Derivative Detected in an E-Cigarette. 4-氟咪酯的结构表征：一种在电子烟中检测到的新型咪酯衍生物。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-04-05 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70070

Jialin Feng, Xin Wang, Miao Zhang, Ping Xiang, Junbo Zhao

{"title":"Structural Characterization of 4-Fluorometomidate: A Novel Metomidate Derivative Detected in an E-Cigarette.","authors":"Jialin Feng, Xin Wang, Miao Zhang, Ping Xiang, Junbo Zhao","doi":"10.1002/dta.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.70070","url":null,"abstract":"The nonmedical use of etomidate and its structural analogs as additives in e-cigarettes has shown a significant growth trend, and the public health and safety risks arising from the abuse of such substances have drawn widespread attention. This study comprehensively employed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) techniques to identify a novel metomidate analog, 4-fluorometomidate, in seized cartridges for the first time. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that under electron ionization conditions, the compound produced fragment ions at m/z 77.1, 95.1, 103.1, 123.1, and 248.1. The molecular ion (m/z 248.1) and base peak (m/z 123.1) were both 18 Da higher than the corresponding peaks (m/z 230.1 and 105.1) characteristic for metomidate. In electrospray ionization mode, its protonated molecule (m/z 249.1032) also exhibited an increase of 17.9908 Da compared to metomidate (m/z 231.1124), and the characteristic fragment at m/z 123.0607 showed an increase of 17.9909 Da relative to the fragment of metomidate (m/z 105.0698), which was overall consistent with the substitution of one hydrogen atom by a fluorine atom (△m/z 17.9905). NMR analysis confirmed that the fluorine atom is located at the 4'-position of the benzene ring.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Screening of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids in Illicit Dietary Supplements and Counterfeit Drugs Using LC-MS/MS and LC-QTOF/MS. 利用LC-MS/MS和LC-QTOF/MS筛选非法膳食补充剂和假药中的合成代谢雄激素类固醇。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-04-05 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70069

Hyunsuk Kim, Sowoon Seo, Aeseul Kim, Hyung Soo Kim, Hyun-Kyung Kim, Geum Joo Yoo

{"title":"Screening of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids in Illicit Dietary Supplements and Counterfeit Drugs Using LC-MS/MS and LC-QTOF/MS.","authors":"Hyunsuk Kim, Sowoon Seo, Aeseul Kim, Hyung Soo Kim, Hyun-Kyung Kim, Geum Joo Yoo","doi":"10.1002/dta.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.70069","url":null,"abstract":"The manufacture and distribution of illicit drugs in the Republic of Korea are an increasing problem. We aimed to develop a rapid and reliable simultaneous analytical method for monitoring the illegal presence of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) in foods and drugs. Forty-five AAS compounds were analyzed using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method in accordance with international standards. Liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS) has enabled the determination of representative fragment ion patterns. The validated method was applied to 95 real samples, including 11 foods, 40 dietary supplements, and 44 counterfeit drugs. The overall detection rate was 38.9%, with the highest rate observed in counterfeit drugs (81.8%), followed by dietary supplements (2.5%), whereas no AAS were detected in foods. When classified by formulation, injectables showed the highest detection rate (100.0%), followed by liquids (78.6%), tablets (58.3%), powders (20.0%), and capsules (3.3%). Frequently detected compounds included testosterone-17-propionate (0.001-119, 850.0 μg/g), testosterone-17-isocaproate (0.002-1442.7 μg/g), and nandrolone decanoate (0.01-120,023.0 μg/g). Anastrozole and exemestane, which are not currently included as LC-MS/MS target compounds, were also identified through LC-QTOF/MS. Furthermore, LC-QTOF/MS results revealed the presence of nonsteroidal compounds, including phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and weight-loss compounds, indicating potential health risks associated with the combined pharmacological effects of these substances. The analytical method developed in this study can be effectively used for both screening and quantification and offers practical applicability to regulatory monitoring and enhancement of public health protection.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bromazolam Tablet Quantification and Analysis of Post-Mortem Cases From the National Programme on Substance Use Mortality (NPSUM) 国家药物使用死亡率规划（NPSUM）中溴唑仑片的定量和死后病例分析。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70045

Matthew Gardner, Molly F. Millea, Sam Craft, Rachael Andrews, Jennifer Scott, Stephen M. Husbands, Christopher R. Pudney, Oliver B. Sutcliffe, Caroline S. Copeland, Peter Sunderland

{"title":"Bromazolam Tablet Quantification and Analysis of Post-Mortem Cases From the National Programme on Substance Use Mortality (NPSUM)","authors":"Matthew Gardner, Molly F. Millea, Sam Craft, Rachael Andrews, Jennifer Scott, Stephen M. Husbands, Christopher R. Pudney, Oliver B. Sutcliffe, Caroline S. Copeland, Peter Sunderland","doi":"10.1002/dta.70045","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dta.70045","url":null,"abstract":"Bromazolam is a new psychoactive substance (NPS) benzodiazepine commonly identified by drug checking services and in post-mortem toxicological analyses in the United Kingdom, Europe, and North America. At the time of writing, there are no studies that present quantitative analyses of bromazolam in street tablets. Here we describe the first quantitative analysis of bromazolam tablets, from samples submitted by UK drug checking services and police forces between 2022 and 2025. Using validated GC-EI-MS and 1H NMR methods, 47 tablet samples were quantified revealing a median bromazolam dose of 0.49 mg (interquartile range = 1.02 mg) per tablet, range of 0.09–5.4 mg. Over half of the tablet submissions (55%) mimicked the appearance of licensed pharmaceuticals alprazolam or diazepam, raising significant concerns around mis-selling of street bromazolam tablets and the risks of unintentional high-dose exposure to an NPS compound. To contextualise these findings, we also report post-mortem data from the UK National Programme on Substance Use Mortality (NPSUM), in which bromazolam was detected in 396 drug-related deaths between April 2021 and July 2024. Bromazolam detections in deaths rose from 28 deaths in 2021 to 160 deaths in 2023. Bromazolam was implicated in causing death in 82.8% of cases, with a median post-mortem blood concentration of 43 ng/mL. Notably, bromazolam was co-detected with an average of seven other substances per case, most commonly other central nervous system (CNS) depressants. These findings underscore the public health risks posed by bromazolam as an NPS benzodiazepine and highlight the urgent need for monitoring, harm reduction and forensic toxicology guidance.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":"18 4","pages":"543-551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13040413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147275288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urine or Oral Fluid for Random Testing? A Review of Real World Data 尿液或口服液随机检测？真实世界数据综述。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70052

Richard Evers, Zara Cottrill, Philip Kindred, Michelle Csete, Jade Geyser-Wilcox, Liberty Pennington, Peter Llewelyn

{"title":"Urine or Oral Fluid for Random Testing? A Review of Real World Data","authors":"Richard Evers, Zara Cottrill, Philip Kindred, Michelle Csete, Jade Geyser-Wilcox, Liberty Pennington, Peter Llewelyn","doi":"10.1002/dta.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dta.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Most comprehensive workplace drug testing programmes include random or unannounced testing as a means to deter staff from drug use and mitigate risk. Testing can be performed on urine or oral fluid (saliva) either by on-site lateral flow tests that give an immediate negative, or a not-negative/unconfirmed result, or by return of the full sample to the laboratory for screening. Any sample, whether screened on site or at the laboratory, is then confirmed using a sensitive and specific method that can prove the identity of the drugs present and also determine the difference between related drugs, such as morphine and codeine. This study reviews data from over 12 months to determine the positive rates for urine and oral fluid (saliva) testing. This allows employers to determine the likely effectiveness of their screening policy and estimate the number of staff expected to produce a not-negative/unconfirmed result. The results show that the primary screening results, whether based on urine or oral fluid, are reliable with a positive predictive value of better than 80% for commonly used drugs. Urine testing identifies 8.9% of samples as requiring further confirmation testing, whereas oral fluid (saliva) identifies 3.4%. Urine testing is better where employers wish to ensure a drug-safe workplace, whereas oral fluid (saliva) testing will probably lead to a lower level of disciplinary action.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":"18 4","pages":"572-575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147300515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Therapeutic Opioids in Skin-Derived Matrices (Sweat and Sebum) of Neonatal and Pediatric Patients and Their Role in Opioid Incorporation Into Hair 新生儿和儿童患者皮肤来源基质（汗液和皮脂）中治疗性阿片样物质的评估及其在阿片样物质并入头发中的作用。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70034

Max Polke, Florian Zapf, Julia T. Scherer, Clarissa D. Voegel, Tanja Restin, Marc W. Schmid, Thomas Kraemer, Tina M. Binz

{"title":"Evaluation of Therapeutic Opioids in Skin-Derived Matrices (Sweat and Sebum) of Neonatal and Pediatric Patients and Their Role in Opioid Incorporation Into Hair","authors":"Max Polke, Florian Zapf, Julia T. Scherer, Clarissa D. Voegel, Tanja Restin, Marc W. Schmid, Thomas Kraemer, Tina M. Binz","doi":"10.1002/dta.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dta.70034","url":null,"abstract":"Hair analysis is a valuable tool in forensic toxicology to assess opioid exposure in both adult and pediatric populations. However, interpretation of analysis results is challenged by the scarcity of reliable reference data on opioids in hair and by the lack of knowledge on involved hair incorporation pathways, e.g., via skin-derived matrices such as sweat and sebum. In order to address these limitations, we conducted a clinical study in cooperation with the University Children's Hospital Zurich, where we obtained and analyzed hair and skin swab samples of 150 pediatric intensive-care patients (median age: 53 days). These patients had a treatment history with opioids, including fentanyl, sufentanil, remifentanil, alfentanil, morphine, methadone, and hydromorphone. Most of the substances, as well as selected metabolites, were repeatedly detected in both sample types, exhibiting comparable concentration trends and metabolite-to-parent drug ratios. For fentanyl and morphine, a positive correlation was observed between the administered opioid doses and the analyte concentrations in both the hair and skin swab samples. In addition, a correlation was found for fentanyl between concentrations in hair and skin swab samples (r = 0.356, p = 0.0007), indicating a contribution of skin-derived matrices to opioid incorporation into the hair of children and neonates. The comprehensive and clinical nature of this study provides unique value for the generated concentration data and associated findings, providing a potential reference source for future interpretation of hair analysis results.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":"18 4","pages":"561-571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13040440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147300578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification and Analysis of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Analogs, 4-Benzoyl-N,N-Diethyl-7-Methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-Hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-Carboxamide (1Bz-LSD) and N,N-Diethyl-7-Methyl-4-(4-(Trimethylsilyl)Benzoyl)-4,6,6a,7,8,9-Hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-Carboxamide (1-TMSBz-LSD), in tablet or paper sheet products available online in Japan 4-苯甲酰-N，N-二乙基-7-甲基-4,6,6a,7,8,9-六氢吲哚[4,3-fg]喹啉-9-羧酰胺（1Bz-LSD）和N，N-二乙基-7-甲基-4-（4-（三甲基硅基）苯甲酰）-4,6,6a,7,8,9-六氢吲哚[4,3-fg]喹啉-9-羧酰胺（1-TMSBz-LSD）中麦角酸二乙基酰胺类似物的鉴定和分析

IF 2.7 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-18 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70039

Rie Tanaka, Maiko Kawamura, Michiho Ito, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri

{"title":"Identification and Analysis of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Analogs, 4-Benzoyl-N,N-Diethyl-7-Methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-Hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-Carboxamide (1Bz-LSD) and N,N-Diethyl-7-Methyl-4-(4-(Trimethylsilyl)Benzoyl)-4,6,6a,7,8,9-Hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-Carboxamide (1-TMSBz-LSD), in tablet or paper sheet products available online in Japan","authors":"Rie Tanaka, Maiko Kawamura, Michiho Ito, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri","doi":"10.1002/dta.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dta.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Recently, many lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs have emerged as designer drugs worldwide. In Japan, these compounds are distributed as paper sheet or tablet products and are available online. Even after these compounds were regulated, new compounds with modified structures continued to appear. In the present study, two LSD analogs were identified from tablet or paper sheet products. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography–photodiode array–mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography with hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement were used to determine the structures of the compounds. Based on these analyses, 4-benzoyl-N,N-diethyl-7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide (1Bz-LSD) and N,N-diethyl-7-methyl-4-(4-(trimethylsilyl)benzoyl)-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide (1-TMSBz-LSD) were detected and identified in the tablet and paper sheet products, respectively. This paper is the first to report the detection of 1Bz-LSD and 1-TMSBz-LSD in tablet and paper sheet products in Japan.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":"18 4","pages":"510-517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146218002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of Metabolites of the Dietary Supplement Ingredient 5α-Hydroxy-Laxogenin 膳食补充剂成分5α-羟基laxogenin代谢产物的鉴定

IF 2.7 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70038

Daniel Derwand, Oliver Zierau, Detlef Thieme, Annekathrin Martina Keiler

{"title":"Identification of Metabolites of the Dietary Supplement Ingredient 5α-Hydroxy-Laxogenin","authors":"Daniel Derwand, Oliver Zierau, Detlef Thieme, Annekathrin Martina Keiler","doi":"10.1002/dta.70038","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dta.70038","url":null,"abstract":"Illegally added, undeclared dietary supplement ingredients represent one way of unintentional exposure to substances that are prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). In addition to the risk of anti-doping rule violation, adulterated dietary supplements can also be a health risk for elite and recreational athletes. 5α-hydroxy-laxogenin is one of those illegal substances but is not prohibited yet. Though an in vitro bioassay showed androgen receptor activation, this androgenic effect could not be confirmed in the preclinical orchiectomized rat model, which might be due to a fast biotransformation into inactive metabolites. In the present study, we investigated the metabolism of 5α-hydroxy-laxogenin using three different approaches: in silico prediction using the GLORYx tool of NERRD, in vitro biotransformation using the human hepatocellular cell line HepG2 and the preclinical orchiectomized rat model, from which serum and hair samples were collected and investigated. Analyses were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS). In silico metabolism predicted five different metabolites resulting from hydroxylation, reduction, or oxidation. The human HepG2 cells generated five metabolites resulting from reduction or hydroxylation and from a combination of both. Three metabolites generated in vitro and an additional mono-hydroxylated metabolite were detected in the serum of the rats treated daily subcutaneously with 5α-hydroxy-laxogenin for 2 weeks. Hair analysis points to incorporation of 5α-hydroxy-laxogenin, though showing a rather high contamination most likely by saliva or urine. In conclusion, we identified and characterized metabolites of 5α-hydroxy-laxogenin, for which, however, the exact modification sites need to be investigated in future.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":"18 4","pages":"483-489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13040430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146211459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The MAIIA EPO Purification Gel Kit, 7D3—An Alternative Purification Kit for Screening and Confirmation Procedures. Validation for Serum and Plasma Matrices MAIIA EPO纯化凝胶试剂盒，7d3 -筛选和确认程序的替代纯化试剂盒。血清和血浆基质的验证。

IF 2.7 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70051

J. Hempel, D. Schwenke, S. Reimann, S. C. Voss

{"title":"The MAIIA EPO Purification Gel Kit, 7D3—An Alternative Purification Kit for Screening and Confirmation Procedures. Validation for Serum and Plasma Matrices","authors":"J. Hempel, D. Schwenke, S. Reimann, S. C. Voss","doi":"10.1002/dta.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dta.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 In this study, the performance of the MAIIA EPO purification kit 7D3 was evaluated for human serum and plasma matrices. The kit was validated for selectivity in comparison to the MAIIA 3F6 kit, reliability at minimum required performance levels (MRPLs), limit of detection (LOD), carryover and recovery to meet compliance with the World Anti-Doping Agency criteria of the technical document 2024 (TD2024EPO). In addition, the influence of haemolysis on plasma samples was evaluated. In total, 30 serum samples and 30 plasma samples were tested for selectivity; 10 serum and 10 plasma samples, for reliability at MRPL and recovery; and six serum and six plasma samples, for LOD. The influence of haemolysis was evaluated by creating mixtures of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of a hemolytic sample and a blank sample, and the same sample spiked at the MRPL level. This study validates that the 7D3 kit meets all WADA TD2024EPO criteria, providing a reliable alternative for the purification of erythropoietin receptor agonists from human serum and plasma matrices in both screening and confirmation procedures in routine antidoping analysis.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":"18 4","pages":"552-560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147275284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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