Drug Testing and Analysis最新文献

Population Pharmacokinetics and Detection Times of Betamethasone After Intravenous, Intramuscular, and Intranasal Jet Administration of Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate in Horses. 倍他米松磷酸钠在马体内静脉、肌肉和鼻内喷注的人群药代动力学和检测次数。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70144

Taisuke Kuroda, Marc Machnik, Mario Thevis, Yohei Minamijima, Gary Ngai-Wa Leung, Motoi Nomura, Fumiaki Mizobe, Yuhiro Ishikawa, Kazuhiro Kamiya, Pierre-Louis Toutain

{"title":"Population Pharmacokinetics and Detection Times of Betamethasone After Intravenous, Intramuscular, and Intranasal Jet Administration of Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate in Horses.","authors":"Taisuke Kuroda, Marc Machnik, Mario Thevis, Yohei Minamijima, Gary Ngai-Wa Leung, Motoi Nomura, Fumiaki Mizobe, Yuhiro Ishikawa, Kazuhiro Kamiya, Pierre-Louis Toutain","doi":"10.1002/dta.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Betamethasone sodium phosphate (BETP) is a glucocorticosteroid used in humans. The primary objective was to estimate irrelevant plasma (IPC) and urine (IUC) concentrations using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approach based on systemic clearance estimated from intravenous (IV) pharmacokinetic data. As a secondary objective, detection times (DTs) following IV, intramuscular (IM), and intranasal jet (INJ) administration were estimated for medication control. Plasma and urine concentrations were obtained from a total of 20 horses in Japan and Germany, with some horses contributing to more than one route after single IV (0.06 mg/kg, n = 7; 0.04 mg/kg, n = 8), single IM (20 mg/horse, n = 7), and multiple INJ (4 mg/horse for 5 days, n = 6) administration. The data were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed-effects model. The plasma clearance was 276 mL/kg/h, and the steady-state urine-to-plasma ratio was 25.8. For IV administration at 0.06 and 0.04 mg/kg every 24 h, the IPCs were 0.018 and 0.012 ng/mL, and the corresponding IUCs were 0.47 and 0.31 ng/mL, with the latter IUC close to the current International Federation of Horseracing Authorities international screening limit (ISL) (0.2 ng/mL). All horses fell below the ISL within 72 h after single IV administration at 0.06 and 0.04 mg/kg and after single IM administration, whereas all horses fell below the ISL within 48 h after INJ administration. The applicability of the estimated DTs should be interpreted according to the regulatory framework governing the use of human BETP formulations and their routes of administration in the relevant jurisdiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148885914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Etomidate Analogues in E-Cigarettes: Linking Structural Characterization to Regional Early Warning 电子烟中的依托咪酯类似物：将结构表征与区域预警联系起来。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-19 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70112

Po-Jung Hsueh, Lien-Chung Wei

引用次数: 0

Reproducibility of Serum Androgen Concentrations by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry in Healthy Male and Female Athletes 液相色谱质谱法测定健康男女运动员血清雄激素浓度的可重复性。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-30 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70117

D. J. Handelsman, S. Bermon

{"title":"Reproducibility of Serum Androgen Concentrations by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry in Healthy Male and Female Athletes","authors":"D. J. Handelsman, S. Bermon","doi":"10.1002/dta.70117","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dta.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Detection of androgen doping relies on mass spectrometry-based methods to detect natural endogenous and exogenous androgens in urine and serum. To distinguish exogenous administration from natural variation in endogenous serum androgens requires a robust quantitative basis in the variability of serum androgen measurements. The present study therefore aimed to use extensive data from serial antidoping testing of elite male and female athletes to define the reproducibility of serum androgen profiles in male and female athletes. The present study analyzed 5516 samples from 1689 athletes for serum T, DHT, and A4 concentrations and calculated the T/DHT and A4/T ratios from 889 male and 778 female athletes, excluding samples from pregnant, doped, or XY Disorders of Sexual Development (DSD) individuals. As well as the median and interquartile range, the coefficient of variation (CV) and its 95% confidence limits were calculated from three, six, or nine replicate within-person serum samples (309, 146, and 83 for females and 276, 122, and 65 for males, respectively). Variability was greater for females than males for serum T, DHT, and T/DHT ratio (<i>p</i> < 10<sup>−6</sup>) but not significantly different for serum A4 and for A4/T ratio. These data may provide a basis for enhanced detection of T doping and for diagnosis of XY DSD disorders, 5α reductase 2, and 17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":"18 9","pages":"1220-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dta.70117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isolation and Characterization of New Tadalafil Analogues in Male Sexual Herbal Supplements 男性性保健品中新的他达拉非类似物的分离与鉴定。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-25 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70114

Hakan Göker, Fatima Doganc, Mehmet Gumustas, Emre Saklica

引用次数: 0

HILIC-MS/MS Detection of Meldonium in Meat from Emidonol-Treated Calves and Volunteer Urine After Consumption: An Anti-Doping Perspective 用HILIC-MS/MS检测经emidonol处理的小牛肉和食用后志愿者尿液中的米屈肼：反兴奋剂的视角

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70111

Pavel V. Postnikov, Yulia A. Efimova

{"title":"HILIC-MS/MS Detection of Meldonium in Meat from Emidonol-Treated Calves and Volunteer Urine After Consumption: An Anti-Doping Perspective","authors":"Pavel V. Postnikov, Yulia A. Efimova","doi":"10.1002/dta.70111","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dta.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A pilot study was conducted to detect meldonium in raw meat samples from young calves slaughtered 15 and 30 days (<i>n</i> = 3 per time-point) after a 15-day course of Emidonol. Meldonium concentration was also assessed in meat samples after cooking before consumption, as well as in urine samples from volunteers after consuming a single 350 g portion of cooked meat. Urine was collected over 48 h. The maximum mean estimated meldonium concentrations in raw meat samples were 5250 ng/g on the 15th day after drug treatment and 3110 ng/g on the 30th day after drug treatment. The mean estimated meldonium concentrations in medium-rare steak cooked for 10 min (15 days after the course) and baked meat were 2960 and 1970 ng/g, respectively; for the “30-day” samples, these values were 1380 and 760 ng/g. The mean maximum estimated urine meldonium concentrations, which peaked at 2–5 h post-consumption, were 386 and 344 ng/mL for the “15-day” meat, and 258 and 219 ng/mL for the “30-day” meat, respectively. Thus, after eating meat samples contaminated with Emidonol, meldonium can be detected in urine 24–28 h post-consumption; during the first 2–14 h, its concentration can be even higher than the WADA MRPL level, which may result in an inadvertent adverse analytical finding for meldonium in sports drug testing.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":"18 9","pages":"1198-1202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of RNA Extraction Method for Human Whole Blood: Assessing the Quality, Quantity, and Impact of RBC Lysis Across TRIzol, Invitrogen, and Qiagen Systems 人全血RNA提取方法的比较：评估TRIzol、Invitrogen和Qiagen系统中红细胞溶解的质量、数量和影响。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-25 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70115

Yitong Xu, Xiao Liu, Xiaoci Zheng, Die Wu

{"title":"Comparison of RNA Extraction Method for Human Whole Blood: Assessing the Quality, Quantity, and Impact of RBC Lysis Across TRIzol, Invitrogen, and Qiagen Systems","authors":"Yitong Xu, Xiao Liu, Xiaoci Zheng, Die Wu","doi":"10.1002/dta.70115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dta.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Whole-blood samples are widely utilized in the field of doping control. Owing to the limited volume of whole blood collected from athletes and the fact that Tempus Blood RNA Tube and Paxgene Blood RNA Tube are primarily intended for RNA stabilization and require dedicated extraction workflows, this study aimed to develop a more efficient and cost-effective RNA extraction approach using smaller volumes of EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood. RNA was extracted from human whole blood using three different methods: the TRIzol Reagent, the PureLink RNA Mini Kit (Invitrogen), and the QIAamp RNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen). Apparent RNA yield and purity were assessed via a NanoDrop spectrophotometer, and RNA suitability for RT-qPCR analysis was evaluated. The results indicate that red blood cell lysis influenced RNA extraction outcomes. Additionally, clear differences in RNA quality and quantity were observed. Among the three methods evaluated, the QIAamp RNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen) tended to yield higher apparent RNA concentrations, purity, and integrity. Therefore, under the exploratory conditions tested, the QIAamp RNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen) demonstrated comparatively favorable performance for RNA-based biomarker analysis relevant to doping control.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":"18 9","pages":"1203-1211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148314959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigations Into the Metabolism and Elimination of Tesofensine in Human Urine 人尿中Tesofensine代谢与消除的研究。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-19 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70104

O. Krug, A. Thomas, M. Thevis

{"title":"Investigations Into the Metabolism and Elimination of Tesofensine in Human Urine","authors":"O. Krug, A. Thomas, M. Thevis","doi":"10.1002/dta.70104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dta.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tesofensine (NS-2330) is a pharmacologically active compound with weight-reducing effects in obese patients. Although still under regulatory review, it has been marketed online as a dietary supplement promoted for weight management and metabolic enhancement. Due to its impact on body weight, tesofensine could be relevant in competitive sports, particularly in weight-class disciplines and sports where power-to-weight ratio is decisive. It is classified under “S6 stimulants” on the World Anti-Doping Agency's Prohibited List and is prohibited in-competition only, making detailed knowledge of its metabolism and excretion essential for anti-doping purposes. Although the pharmacological effects and elimination of tesofensine and one dealkylated metabolite were described previously, elimination profiles and structural information on additional metabolites have been limited. In this study, in vitro metabolism experiments were conducted, followed by investigation of urinary metabolism and elimination in six volunteers after ingestion of 483 μg tesofensine as a dietary supplement. Urine was collected for up to 600 h, prepared by solid-phase extraction, and analyzed by LC-HRMS. Four principal metabolites were identified: three dealkylated metabolites (M1–M3) and one hydroxylated and glucuronidated metabolite (M4), supported by MS/MS dissociation patterns. The validated analytical method for human urine showed an LOD of 0.01 ng/mL, 34% recovery, and 8% interday imprecision. Marked interindividual variability was observed, with peak concentrations of 1–4 ng/mL after 4–46 h and detection windows up to 500 h. The findings enhance analytical procedures and suggest that recommended dosing is unlikely to result in concentrations constituting an Adverse Analytical Finding (AAF) under currently applicable stimulant minimum reporting levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":"18 9","pages":"1163-1173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dta.70104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Potential of Population-Optimized Red Blood Cell Antigens and Platelet HLA Typing for Homologous Blood Transfusion Detection in Japanese Athletes 探索人群优化红细胞抗原和血小板HLA分型在日本运动员同源输血检测中的潜力。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70108

Atsushi Momobayashi, Masato Okano

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Population-Optimized Red Blood Cell Antigens and Platelet HLA Typing for Homologous Blood Transfusion Detection in Japanese Athletes","authors":"Atsushi Momobayashi, Masato Okano","doi":"10.1002/dta.70108","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dta.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Homologous blood transfusion (HBT) doping, using donor red blood cells (RBCs) to enhance oxygen capacity, remains a persistent challenge for doping control laboratories, especially in specific populations. Current RBC antigen-based flow cytometric detection (double population, DP) has limited sensitivity in genetically homogeneous populations due to common phenotypic overlap. This study aimed to enhance HBT detection by optimizing population-specific RBC antigen panels and incorporating complementary platelet-derived human leukocyte antigen (HLA) markers. Based on antigen-negative frequency, M, N, and Le<sup>b</sup> antigens were evaluated as candidate markers for improved discrimination in the Japanese population. In simulated HBT samples with a 5% mixing ratio, N antigen showed a clearly separated bimodal distribution, indicating strong potential for DP detection. Although Le<sup>b</sup> antigen showed unclear DP, M antigen displayed uniformly high expression, useful for distinguishing expressing populations. In addition, platelet HLA analysis, especially targeting HLA-A24, enabled detection of donor-derived components even with identical RBC antigen phenotypes. Mixed samples containing as low as 1%–5% donor cells produced visually detectable DP signals in the platelet gate. In conclusion, integrating a race-tailored RBC antigen panel with complementary platelet HLA monitoring may provide a potentially improved framework for HBT detection, particularly in ethnically homogeneous populations like Japan. The optimal antigen panel is highly population-specific due to genetic variations, requiring adaptation for other diverse ethnic groups. Future cohort studies are warranted to validate this dual approach and refine detection sensitivity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":"18 9","pages":"1186-1197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Pegmolesatide in Doping Analysis: An Initial Testing Method 酶联免疫吸附法在pegmolesati兴奋剂分析中的发展：一种初步的测试方法。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-19 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70113

Jie Chen, Chengshuai Niu, Xinmiao Zhou

{"title":"Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Pegmolesatide in Doping Analysis: An Initial Testing Method","authors":"Jie Chen, Chengshuai Niu, Xinmiao Zhou","doi":"10.1002/dta.70113","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dta.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pegmolesatide is a novel synthetic erythropoietin-mimetic agent that binds to and activates the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), thereby stimulating erythropoiesis. Owing to its erythropoiesis-stimulating activity, it has been included in the latest World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List as an erythropoietin receptor agonist (S2.1.1). The current analytical approach for pegmolesatide in doping analysis mainly relies on bottom-up nano-liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) in serum. Although accurate and sensitive, this approach involves extensive sample preparation and time-consuming LC analysis, which limits its suitability for high-throughput initial testing procedure (ITP). In this study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), termed the EPOR–anti-PEG ELISA, was developed as a screening method for pegmolesatide in urine and serum. The assay employs EPOR as the capture reagent to enrich pegmolesatide, followed by detection of its polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety using the anti-PEG monoclonal antibody RM105. Method validation included assessment of selectivity, limit of detection (LOD), dynamic range, reliability, and carryover. Under optimized conditions, the assay showed an LOD of 1 ng/mL in urine, with an adjusted OD<sub>450</sub> screening cutoff of 0.029. In serum, with an adjusted OD<sub>450</sub> screening cutoff of 0.243, the LOD was 2 ng/mL, which was lower than the limit of identification (LOI) of 7 ng/mL determined by LC-HRMS. Overall, this ELISA provides a streamlined, cost-effective, and high-throughput screening approach for pegmolesatide and may serve as a practical complement to the LC-HRMS method in doping analysis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":"18 9","pages":"1177-1185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of Testosterone Esters in Urine: Evidence of Trace-Level Detectability in Doping Control Samples 尿液中睾酮酯的检测：兴奋剂控制样本中痕量可检测性的证据。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1002/dta.70107

Daniel Pecher, Guro Forsdahl, Biljana Stojanovic, Günter Gmeiner

{"title":"Detection of Testosterone Esters in Urine: Evidence of Trace-Level Detectability in Doping Control Samples","authors":"Daniel Pecher, Guro Forsdahl, Biljana Stojanovic, Günter Gmeiner","doi":"10.1002/dta.70107","DOIUrl":"10.1002/dta.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The detection of exogenous testosterone (T) remains a critical challenge in antidoping analysis due to its identical chemical structure to endogenous testosterone. Testosterone is often administered as synthetic esters (T-esters), which are not naturally produced by the human body and serve as unequivocal evidence of doping. Although T-esters are traditionally detected in blood samples, their presence in urine has been largely unexplored due to their apolar nature and rapid hydrolysis. In this study, we developed and validated an ultrasensitive LC-MS/MS method capable of detecting T-esters in urine at sub–pg/mL concentrations. The method employs derivatization with Girard P reagent to enhance sensitivity and selectivity. Application of the method to doping control urine samples revealed the presence of T-esters in cases with elevated testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratios, providing what is, to our knowledge, the first evidence of trace-level detectability of T-esters in human urine. This novel approach offers a complementary tool for identifying exogenous testosterone use.</p>","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":"18 9","pages":"1157-1162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/dta.70107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148269696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0