Drug Testing and Analysis最新文献

Chemical Analysis and Alkaloid Intake for Kratom Products Available in the United States. 在美国销售的Kratom产品的化学分析和生物碱摄入量。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3906

Abhisheak Sharma, Kirsten E Smith, Michelle A Kuntz, Erin C Berthold, Omar I Elashkar, Nicholas Guadagnoli, Siva Rama Raju Kanumuri, Sushobhan Mukhopadhyay, Leigh V Panlilio, David H Epstein, Christopher R McCurdy

{"title":"Chemical Analysis and Alkaloid Intake for Kratom Products Available in the United States.","authors":"Abhisheak Sharma, Kirsten E Smith, Michelle A Kuntz, Erin C Berthold, Omar I Elashkar, Nicholas Guadagnoli, Siva Rama Raju Kanumuri, Sushobhan Mukhopadhyay, Leigh V Panlilio, David H Epstein, Christopher R McCurdy","doi":"10.1002/dta.3906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3906","url":null,"abstract":"Previously, we used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to evaluate motivations and temporal patterns of kratom use for 15 days among US adult kratom consumers (N = 357). Here we present the content analyses of the products used during that nationwide study, with quantification of 10 kratom alkaloids. The samples (N = 341) were primarily whole-leaf products, not extracts, and were similar to each other in their alkaloid composition, closely matching the chromatographic-mass spectrometry fingerprint expected for Mitragyna speciosa leaf material. We found no evidence of adulteration with illicit or prescription drugs. With participants' self-reported data on kratom amount per use, we calculated mitragynine intake per use: mean 31.3 mg and median 25.4 mg (range 2.0-205.9 mg). With self-reported data on frequency, we calculated mitragynine intake per day, it ranged from 78.3 to 134.6 mg (mean) or 50.8 to 101.6 mg (median). This is the most comprehensive analysis of US whole-leaf kratom products to date. The coupling of self-report and product sample-analysis data to quantify daily alkaloid intake is foundational for designing controlled clinical trials of kratom in healthy volunteers. These findings on kratom products' chemical composition and daily kratom alkaloid consumption can also inform clinicians, policymakers, and consumers, particularly for whole-leaf material.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growing Trend of Novel or Experimental Substances Not Approved for Human Use Sold as Consumer Products Poses Threat to Athletes, Service Members, and Public Health. 未经批准供人使用的新型或实验性物质作为消费品销售的增长趋势对运动员、服务人员和公众健康构成威胁。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3907

Amy Eichner, Andrea T Lindsey, Jon Coyles

引用次数: 0

Exposure to Drugs of Abuse in Children and Adolescents Investigated by Hair Analysis. 用毛发分析调查儿童和青少年药物滥用暴露情况。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3900

Clara Cestonaro, Claudio Terranova, Massimo Carollo, Alessia Russo, Anna Aprile, Donata Favretto

{"title":"Exposure to Drugs of Abuse in Children and Adolescents Investigated by Hair Analysis.","authors":"Clara Cestonaro, Claudio Terranova, Massimo Carollo, Alessia Russo, Anna Aprile, Donata Favretto","doi":"10.1002/dta.3900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3900","url":null,"abstract":"Hair testing is a very effective method for drug use investigation. The finding of drugs of abuse in children hair may reflect environmental exposure, accidental ingestion, passive inhalation, intentional administration, and, in case of neonates and infants, in-utero and breast exposure. Despite its increasing use, interpretation of children hair analysis remains difficult, cut-off values used in adults cannot be applied, and no reference ranges for different age groups currently exist. To contribute to the identification of a reference framework for hair analysis in children and adolescents, a comparison of data gathered from different geographical areas could be useful. With this view, this study shows the results of hair analysis of children and adolescents who underwent testing for clinical purposes in a hospital setting in north-east Italy. Cocaine represents the most frequently detected drug in all age groups (overall, 94 positives). The highest number and ratio of cocaine positivity was found among children aged 1-3 years (21 out of 32 children; 65.6%) and the highest concentration among infants within 1 year. The results suggest that exposure to drugs of abuse represents a nonnegligible problem particularly in infants and toddlers, which requires special attention in clinical and social setting. In view of the multiple possible ways of exposure, it is essential to perform a case-by-case evaluation and to collect as much information as possible to frame the case and to implement the most effective child protection measures.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surface Wipe Sampling of Hazardous Medicinal Products: A European Interlaboratory Comparison Study. 危险药品表面擦拭取样：欧洲实验室间比较研究。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3902

Roland B van den Berg, Ewelina Korczowska, Mónica S F Santos, Maria Francisca Portilha-Cunha, Ana R L Ribeiro, Lucie Bláhová, Luděk Bláha, Claudia Vom Eyser, Jochen Tuerk, Richard C J M van Rossen, Erik B Wilms, Mirjam Crul

{"title":"Surface Wipe Sampling of Hazardous Medicinal Products: A European Interlaboratory Comparison Study.","authors":"Roland B van den Berg, Ewelina Korczowska, Mónica S F Santos, Maria Francisca Portilha-Cunha, Ana R L Ribeiro, Lucie Bláhová, Luděk Bláha, Claudia Vom Eyser, Jochen Tuerk, Richard C J M van Rossen, Erik B Wilms, Mirjam Crul","doi":"10.1002/dta.3902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3902","url":null,"abstract":"Workplace monitoring of hazardous medicinal products (HMPs) using surface wipe sampling is becoming common practice in many European hospitals and pharmacies. However, no independent quality control is available to validate wiping procedures and analytical methods. This study aimed to conduct a Europe-wide interlaboratory comparison (ILC) program to independently and blindly assess laboratory performance and variability in HMP detection. Four European laboratories participated in the study. Six HMPs-cyclophosphamide, etoposide, gemcitabine, ifosfamide, methotrexate, and paclitaxel-were prepared at four concentrations (5000, 2000, 200, and 20 ng/mL) and applied to a 400-cm2 stainless-steel surface, then wiped by the coordinating body according to each laboratory's protocol. Wipe samples were distributed to individual laboratories, where blind analyses were conducted. Target criteria for accuracy and recovery were set at 70%-130% and 50%-130%, respectively. Of the 80 samples, 69 (86%) met accuracy targets, and 70 (88%) met recovery targets. Accuracy was often overestimated for the lowest concentrations of cyclophosphamide, etoposide, methotrexate, and paclitaxel by Laboratory A. Laboratory D showed low accuracy for paclitaxel at three lower concentrations. Among the 10 samples that did not meet recovery targets, all were below 50% and involved etoposide and paclitaxel. This ILC program demonstrates a viable method for evaluating laboratory performance in HMP detection, offering an external validation mechanism for surface wipe sampling methods. A future goal is to establish a global ILC program with a designated coordinating body for managing it effectively.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gel Electrophoretic Detection of Black Market ACE-031. 黑市ACE-031的凝胶电泳检测。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3898

Christian Reichel, Thomas Filip, Günter Gmeiner, Mario Thevis

{"title":"Gel Electrophoretic Detection of Black Market ACE-031.","authors":"Christian Reichel, Thomas Filip, Günter Gmeiner, Mario Thevis","doi":"10.1002/dta.3898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3898","url":null,"abstract":"The usage of ACE-031 (Ramatercept), a dimeric fusion protein consisting of a human activin receptor IIB (ACVR2B) fragment linked to an Fc-part of human IgG1, is banned according to chapter S4.3 of the \"WADA 2024 List of Prohibited Substances and Methods\" due to its potential performance enhancing properties. While ACE-031 has not yet been pharmaceutically approved, it is sold as research chemical on the \"black market\" (BM). The article presents a study on BM ACE-031 products and its detection by gel-electrophoresis and Western blotting. Of 14 tested products, only 12 contained an ACVR2B-immunoreactive protein. Electrophoretic separation by SDS-PAGE also showed that the 12 ACVR2B-products contained many other proteins in addition to the main compound (ca. 58.4 kDa). Further analyses by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting revealed that the 12 products contained the full-length human activin receptor IIB instead of ACE-031. The absence of an Fc-fusion protein was further confirmed by treatment with IdeS protease, which was unable to cleave the BM products. In addition, it was demonstrated that the protocol we developed to detect luspatercept (another ACVR2B-Fc fusion protein) in human serum could also be successfully applied for the detection of BM ACE-031. Because administering black market products to human subjects was not ethically justifiable, a study was conducted with rats. In rat serum, BM ACE-031 was detectable up to 48 h post administration. However, due to the relatively high dose applied (10 mg/kg body weight) and possible differences in metabolism, the detection window may be different in humans.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surveillance of Anabolic Agent Residues in US Meat Supply by Liquid Chromatography With High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry. 液相色谱-高分辨率串联质谱法监测美国肉类供应中合成代谢剂残留。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3901

Cade M Snethen, Matthew N Fedoruk, Elizabeth D Ahrens, Tim G Sobolevskii, Nuraly K Avliyakulov, Bradley J Johnson

{"title":"Surveillance of Anabolic Agent Residues in US Meat Supply by Liquid Chromatography With High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"Cade M Snethen, Matthew N Fedoruk, Elizabeth D Ahrens, Tim G Sobolevskii, Nuraly K Avliyakulov, Bradley J Johnson","doi":"10.1002/dta.3901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3901","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides data on the prevalence of animal growth promoter residues through a comprehensive US surveillance approach targeting multiple species via retail purchases. Over a year, residue levels were analyzed in beef, pork, and poultry samples from eight US cities, screening for a panel of anabolic steroids, other anabolic agents, selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), and non-prohibited controls using sensitive high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Thirteen of the 53 beef samples tested positive for ractopamine, with a peak concentration of 14 ng/g in liver-well below CODEX and FDA maximum residue limits (MRLs). Trenbolone-17β and estradiol were also found in beef but remained within MRLs, indicating no health risk. In addition, pork samples showed minimal contamination, with just one pork kidney testing positive for nandrolone (0.08 ng/g) under the limit of detection and estradiol (0.5 ng/g), likely from endogenous hormone production in intact male pigs. Pork muscle and liver samples were residue-free. Chicken samples showed limited residues, with estradiol detected in three out of 35 muscle samples at 0.01 ng/g. These findings highlight the effectiveness of regulatory practices in limiting growth promoter residues in commercial meat, affirming that residue levels in meat products remain within regulatory limits and reinforces consumer safety and confidence.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pooled Sampling Technique to Improve the Monitoring of Medication Use in the Racehorse Industry. 集中抽样技术改进赛马行业用药监测。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3872

Adam Chambers

{"title":"Pooled Sampling Technique to Improve the Monitoring of Medication Use in the Racehorse Industry.","authors":"Adam Chambers","doi":"10.1002/dta.3872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3872","url":null,"abstract":"All anti-doping programmes face financial constraints and monitoring trends in medication use or abuse in a population of racehorses can be difficult and expensive. Obtaining biological samples is the primary method of anti-doping control in individual horses or stables of horses but can be invasive and expensive. Another important practice of anti-doping control has been the confiscation of used and filled syringes by regulators for individual forensic analysis. Pooled samples testing involves the testing of multiple individual samples together as one composite sample. This pooled sample approach has been employed to gather information concerning populations' exposure to substances and infectious agents including the analysis of samples of wastewater (a large, pooled sample) that have been used during the pandemic to monitor the presence of new COVID variants. Moreover, pooled samples of urine and wastewater have been used to monitor for recreational drug use and for the presence of new psychoactive substances in cities and large events. This approach has been credited with providing timely insight in the trends of illicit drugs use. To be effective, an anti-doping programme should not be predictable to avoid being defeated by countermeasures; therefore, the implementation of new methods is considered essential. A new pooled sampling technique using confiscated groups of used syringes and needles including biomedical sharps containers obtained from veterinarians and other horse racing industry participants has been employed over several years in Ontario, Canada. These containers held needles used to administer substances to racehorses along with syringes and other debris. The analysis of the wash provided a timely insight of medications being administered in horses, and substances present at racetracks and training centres including substances predominantly of human use and abuse. Sharp containers confiscated from veterinarians and trainers provided insight into injectable medications administered at numerous stables and to hundreds of horses.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transcriptomic Biomarkers in Blood Indicative of the Administration of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin to Thoroughbred Horses. 纯种马血液中的转录组生物标志物表明重组人促红细胞生成素的应用。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3899

Hiu Wing Cheung, Kin-Sing Wong, Paul C F Cheng, Candice Y N Tsang, Adrian F Farrington, Terence S M Wan, Emmie N M Ho

{"title":"Transcriptomic Biomarkers in Blood Indicative of the Administration of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin to Thoroughbred Horses.","authors":"Hiu Wing Cheung, Kin-Sing Wong, Paul C F Cheng, Candice Y N Tsang, Adrian F Farrington, Terence S M Wan, Emmie N M Ho","doi":"10.1002/dta.3899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3899","url":null,"abstract":"Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) continue to be a significant threat to the integrity of human and equine sports. Besides conventional direct testing, monitoring the biomarkers associated with the effects of ESAs may provide a complementary approach via indirect detection to enhance doping control. In this study, we applied RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to discover blood RNA biomarkers in Thoroughbred horses after administration with a long-acting form of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), methoxy polyethylene glycol epoetin beta, Mircera®. A single subcutaneous administration of Mircera® at ~ 4.2 μg/kg was effective in elevating haematocrit, haemoglobin and erythrocyte levels to varying extents in as early as 4 days post-administration in all three horses, which persisted for 40 days post-administration (the last sample collected). RNA-seq was applied to analyse blood transcriptomic changes. Differential gene expression analysis has allowed the identification of 46 genes that showed dramatic and temporary upregulation at 4-11 days after Mircera® administration. STRING analysis has identified the functional enrichment of 15 genes important for erythropoiesis and erythrocyte function, supporting the idea of an increased release into the peripheral circulation of residual RNA-containing reticulocytes after rhEPO exposure, which would otherwise mature normally inside the bone marrow in horses. Machine learning of blood transcriptomes has enabled the discrimination of samples with or without Mircera administration. Therefore, our study has provided new insights into the biological mechanism of erythropoiesis caused by rhEPO administration in horses and has provided evidence supporting the control of misuse of ESAs by monitoring the equine blood transcriptome.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Endogenous Nature of Hydrocortisone Acetate in Horse. 马体内醋酸氢化可的松的内源性。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3897

Fred K W Kong, April S Y Wong, Terence S M Wan, Emmie N M Ho

引用次数: 0

A Review of Hypoxen Pharmacology and Potential to Enhance Sports Performance. 低氧的药理学和潜力，以提高运动成绩的综述。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3887

Karol Jędrejko, Oliver Catlin, Raphael Faiss, Andrzej Pokrywka

{"title":"A Review of Hypoxen Pharmacology and Potential to Enhance Sports Performance.","authors":"Karol Jędrejko, Oliver Catlin, Raphael Faiss, Andrzej Pokrywka","doi":"10.1002/dta.3887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3887","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacological potential of Hypoxen, previously registered as Olifen is evaluated herein. Hypoxen is categorized as antihypoxic agent. The active substance is polydihydroxyphenylene thiosulfonate sodium. Human studies are limited and no clinical trials following international standards is available. There is however a developed body of knowledge emerging from original studies conducted by the Russian Military Medical Academy in 1980s and 1990s despite limited online access. Hypoxen is promoted to improve oxygen supply or reduce oxygen consumption under hypoxic conditions and physical load. It is thought to support faster recovery, and can be used in complex treatments of diseases accompanied by hypoxia like myocardial ischemia. From clinical perspective, it may enhance cellular respiration by improving coupling in the respiratory chain/accelerating oxidative phosphorylation, but also inhibit succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and activate mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP) in skeletal muscles and myocardium. In 2023, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) added Hypoxen to the Monitoring Program as there had been documented evidence of its use by athletes. On in vitro experiments compared the influence of Hypoxen on oxidative phosphorylation with mitochondrial uncoupling agent 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) a unique metabolic modulator that strongly accelerates the metabolism rate, prohibited since 2024 by WADA. Most studies focus on exercise performance, and may provide some evidence that Hypoxen has the potential to enhance performance, the first criteria considered for addition of substance to the WADA Prohibited List. Pharmacodynamics and ergogenic effects of Hypoxen suggests potential as metabolic modulator.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0