Drug Testing and Analysis最新文献

Sports Supplement Analysis Survey for the Prevalence of WADA Prohibited Substances in the Australian Online Marketplace.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3893

Louise Barker, Adam Cawley, Naomi Speers, Kerry Knowler, Karina Chilman

{"title":"Sports Supplement Analysis Survey for the Prevalence of WADA Prohibited Substances in the Australian Online Marketplace.","authors":"Louise Barker, Adam Cawley, Naomi Speers, Kerry Knowler, Karina Chilman","doi":"10.1002/dta.3893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3893","url":null,"abstract":"Sports supplements are used extensively by people involved in competitive sports. However, a proportion of sports supplements contain World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited Substances, which have the potential to cause an anti-doping rule violation (ADRV). In 2022, Sport Integrity Australia (SIA) contracted Human and Supplements Testing Australia (HASTA) to purchase and analyse 200 sports supplement products available in the Australian online marketplace. The aim of the survey was to determine the likelihood of purchasing a product containing one or more WADA Prohibited Substances. Of the 200 products purchased, 35% contained WADA Prohibited Substances, with the majority of these findings being stimulants. Products marketed as pre-workouts, fat burners and muscle builders were the most likely to contain prohibited substances. It is notable that 83% of the WADA Prohibited Substances detected were naturally occurring compounds; only two of the products contained high levels of synthetic stimulants. Fifty-seven percent of the products that contained WADA Prohibited Substances did not have the substances labelled as ingredients on the packaging or website. Athlete education concerning sports supplements should remain a high priority, with a prevalence rate of approximately one in three products purchased containing WADA Prohibited Substances. To reduce the risk of an inadvertent ADRV, if an athlete wishes to use sports supplements, they should consult with their medical practitioner or accredited sports dietician (ASD) as to whether they require them and, if so, only take products that have been independently tested.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Romancing the Three States of Methamphetamine.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3891

Si Jia Chan, Ngak Lee Tan-Lee, Chi Pang Lui, Hooi Yan Moy

{"title":"Romancing the Three States of Methamphetamine.","authors":"Si Jia Chan, Ngak Lee Tan-Lee, Chi Pang Lui, Hooi Yan Moy","doi":"10.1002/dta.3891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3891","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the methamphetamine contamination routes through exposure to sweat, smoke in the environment and direct contact, as well as the effectiveness of decontamination procedures. For sweat exposure, drug-free hair samples (n = 10) were sprayed with artificial sweat containing amphetamine and methamphetamine at either 'low' (2.6 and 6.5 ng/mL, respectively) or 'high' concentration (3.1 and 25.2 ng/mL, respectively), 5 times (2 mL each time) per day for 5 days. In the smoke exposure, 2 mg of methamphetamine hydrochloride powder was heated and vapourised on one side of an enclosed cardboard box containing hair (n = 10) on the other side. In the direct contact with methamphetamine powder, 0.6 mg of methamphetamine hydrochloride was rubbed gently by hand onto hair (n = 5) for 1 min. Each contaminated hair sample was then subjected to either one of the 3 wash methods, namely, (1) sequential wash using dichloromethane, water, and methanol; (2) sequential wash by hexane and acetone; and (3) methanol wash only. All solvents and hair samples were analysed. The results show that it was relatively difficult to remove methamphetamine from the hair that was exposed to methamphetamine in artificial sweat, followed by methamphetamine smoke and then direct contact with the methamphetamine powder. None of the wash methods was able to completely remove amphetamine and methamphetamine from the contaminated hair. Overall, methods (1) and (3) show better decontamination efficacy than method (2), probably due to the polar protic nature of the solvents.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigations Into Structures of In Vitro-Derived Phase I Metabolites of a Novel 20-Keto-Steroid S42 by GC-EI HR MS Analysis and Chemical Synthesis.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3890

Hui-Chung Wen, Felicitas Wagener, Thomas Piper, Jörg Neudörfl, Mario Thevis, Mathias Schäfer

{"title":"Investigations Into Structures of In Vitro-Derived Phase I Metabolites of a Novel 20-Keto-Steroid S42 by GC-EI HR MS Analysis and Chemical Synthesis.","authors":"Hui-Chung Wen, Felicitas Wagener, Thomas Piper, Jörg Neudörfl, Mario Thevis, Mathias Schäfer","doi":"10.1002/dta.3890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3890","url":null,"abstract":"S42, 4-Methyl-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-20-one a new 20-keto-steroid, is a novel selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM). The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) bans the use of SARMs in sports at all times. In preparation of a sensitive detection procedure to control for S42 abuse, in vitro metabolism experiments were conducted and biotransformation products were analyzed with GC-EI MS-orbitrap instrumentation. S42-C20-OH, S42-C6ß-OH, and S42-C7α-OH were synthesized as reference material to study their exemplary EI-HR (electron ionization- high resolution) mass spectra. Additionally, S42-d7, synthesized earlier with 2H-labels at carbon atoms C1, C2, C3, C6, and C7, was used for the in vitro metabolism study. Comparison of the respective mass spectra of labeled and unlabeled reference materials and of specifically mass-shifted fragment ions provided the foundation for the structure elucidation of S42 in vitro phase I metabolites. Molecular ions of selected S42 phase I metabolites found in the in vitro experiments were submitted to higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD) MS2-product ion experiments to allow straightforward and secured assignment and interpretation of fragmentation patterns. At least eight phase I metabolites of S42 were identified in the in vitro study and analyzed as tri-methyl-silyl ether derivatives. Specifically, different singly, doubly, and triply hydroxylated metabolites of S42 were identified and analyzed with GC-EI HR MS.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Testosterone Esters in Serum and DBS Samples-Results From an Interlaboratory Study.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3889

Tobias Langer, Alessandro Musenga, Biljana Stojanovic, Daniel Pecher, Günter Gmeiner, Laura Harju, Tina Suominen, Cynthia Mongongu, Magnus Ericsson, Silke Grabherr, Tiia Kuuranne, Raul Nicoli

{"title":"Analysis of Testosterone Esters in Serum and DBS Samples-Results From an Interlaboratory Study.","authors":"Tobias Langer, Alessandro Musenga, Biljana Stojanovic, Daniel Pecher, Günter Gmeiner, Laura Harju, Tina Suominen, Cynthia Mongongu, Magnus Ericsson, Silke Grabherr, Tiia Kuuranne, Raul Nicoli","doi":"10.1002/dta.3889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3889","url":null,"abstract":"Testosterone (T) formulations that are used for doping purposes often contain the steroid in esterified forms. As these esters are hydrolysed in the bloodstream before renal excretion, they can be detected in blood matrices and have not been detected in urine so far. Serum samples can additionally be used for longitudinal blood steroid profiling, but their collection, shipping and storage have some disadvantages. The use of dried blood spots (DBS), an alternative blood matrix, is more convenient for pre-analytical and post-analytical aspects but is not fully established in antidoping laboratories yet. To evaluate the ability of multiple antidoping laboratories to detect T-esters in serum and DBS samples, an interlaboratory study was organised. Common T-esters were spiked in five samples of each matrix (serum, cellulose card DBS, polymeric DBS) at concentrations that correspond to an administration scenario and sent as blinded specimens to each laboratory. The laboratories were requested to apply their own analytical method to detect the T-esters and to provide a rough estimate of their concentrations. All laboratories identified the spiked testosterone esters correctly in all samples and the estimated concentrations were deemed comparable (average relative standard deviation < 30%), considering that only qualitative initial testing procedures (ITPs) were used. This study could firstly demonstrate the capability of different analytical approaches to analyse T-esters in serum and DBS samples and, secondly, show that the methods employed by the participating laboratories are all fit for purpose.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterising a New Cannabis Trend: Extensive Analysis of Semi-Synthetic Cannabinoid-Containing Seizures From Germany.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3886

Marica Hundertmark, Laura Besch, Jörg Röhrich, Tanja Germerott, Cora Wunder

{"title":"Characterising a New Cannabis Trend: Extensive Analysis of Semi-Synthetic Cannabinoid-Containing Seizures From Germany.","authors":"Marica Hundertmark, Laura Besch, Jörg Röhrich, Tanja Germerott, Cora Wunder","doi":"10.1002/dta.3886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3886","url":null,"abstract":"In May 2022, semi-synthetic cannabinoids (SSC) appeared on the European drug market, claiming to offer a legal alternative with cannabimimetic effects. Since then, the use of hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) has quickly become very popular and derivatives, among them heptyl-analogs with prolonged alkyl-sidechains and acetylated forms, have appeared. First HHC-bans were introduced in some EU countries in early 2023. As only limited data is available on this dynamic consumption trend, this study aims to analyse a seizure collective comprehensively. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was validated for quantification of (R,S)-HHC, Δ8-THC, Δ9-THC, CBD, CBG, CBN, (R,S)-HHC-O and CBN-O and applied to a collective of 80 SSC-containing products including flowers, resins, edibles, vape liquids and papers. Further derivatives, among them (R,S)-HHCP, Δ9-THCP, Δ8-THCP, (R,S)-HHCP-O, (R,S)-H4CBD, THC-O and THCP-O were qualitatively evaluated. HHC-content was characterised by extreme fluctuations from <LOQ up to 70.9 wt-%. Δ9-THC was detected in most seizures, with around a quarter of samples exceeding the EU-legal limit for hemp (< 0.3 wt-% Δ9-THC). Δ8-THC was rarely found in elevated levels which might indicate residues of HHC-synthesis. H4CBD was the most frequently detected SSC-derivative, followed by heptyl-analogs. Acetates played a minor role and were usually only detected in traces, while elevated levels occurred rarely. Unusual cannabinoid compositions were detected in cannabis carrier material, including extreme CBD-concentrations (up to 67.3 wt-%) and CBG-dominant cultivars. Systematic investigation of seizures provides information for assessing the risk to consumers and is a valuable basis for the interpretation of findings in biological material.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143661802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In Vivo Metabolic Studies of 2-Hydroxyethyl Salicylate in Horses.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3885

Helen S M Ho, Adrian F Farrington, Emmie N M Ho, Wing-Tak Wong

{"title":"In Vivo Metabolic Studies of 2-Hydroxyethyl Salicylate in Horses.","authors":"Helen S M Ho, Adrian F Farrington, Emmie N M Ho, Wing-Tak Wong","doi":"10.1002/dta.3885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3885","url":null,"abstract":"2-Hydroxyethyl salicylate (2HES), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a medication to treat musculoskeletal injuries and inflammation swelling of humans and horses. Its misuse could affect the performance of horses and mask injuries, which could pose significant health risks. In horseracing, it is reported as an adverse finding once detected in competition. The metabolism of 2HES in either human or horse has not been reported, and therefore, little is known about its metabolic fate. This paper describes the in vivo metabolism of 2HES in horse with an objective to identify the most appropriate target(s) for detecting 2HES administration. To study the elimination and biotransformation of 2HES, topical administrations were performed by giving three castrated horses (geldings) each a total of 100-g Tensolvet gel (equivalent to 5 g of 2HES). The postulated in vivo metabolites included glucuronide-conjugated 2HES (2HES-Glu) and sulphate-conjugated 2HES (2HES-SO4) from Phase II conjugation possibly at hydroxyethyl moiety and salicylic acid (SA) from hydrolysis of 2HES. To control the misuse of 2HES in horses effectively, 2HES was found to be the most suitable target. Total 2HES could be detected for up to 10 days in urine, whereas free 2HES could be detected for 16 h in plasma. As the maximum concentration of SA in postadministration urine and plasma sample did not exceed its corresponding international thresholds, monitoring the amount of SA could not be used as an indicator for possible 2HES exposure.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantitative Investigation of Nitrosamine Drug Substance-Related Impurities (NDSRIs) Under Artificial Gastric Conditions by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3874

Matthias Vogel, Sylvia E Escher, Emanuel Weiler, Anke Londenberg, Uwe Deppenmeier, Rhys Whomsley

{"title":"Quantitative Investigation of Nitrosamine Drug Substance-Related Impurities (NDSRIs) Under Artificial Gastric Conditions by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis.","authors":"Matthias Vogel, Sylvia E Escher, Emanuel Weiler, Anke Londenberg, Uwe Deppenmeier, Rhys Whomsley","doi":"10.1002/dta.3874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3874","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of nitrosamines in numerous human medicinal products (HMP) has recently emerged as a cause for concern. Following the initial discovery of carcinogenic low molecular weight nitrosamines such as nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in HMP, regulatory authorities worldwide requested marketing authorization holders to perform risk assessments for the presence of nitrosamines in their products. The initially observed contaminations-mainly low molecular weight nitrosamines-were generated by organic solvent impurities or by-products from synthesis and nitrite carried over to finished products (FP). More recently, complex nitrosamine drug substance-related impurities (NDSRIs) have been reported arising from direct nitrosation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) at secondary amine groups in the presence of nitrite derived from excipients. In addition, an alternative route of API nitrosation is conceivable due to interaction with gastric acid and physiological nitrite after drug intake. Within this study, 13 secondary amine bearing APIs were selected to individually identify susceptibilities for nitrosation by using high physiological limit values in terms of pH and nitrite. Therefore, artificial gastric media were fortified with 200 μM sodium nitrite and increasing concentrations of APIs at pH 3.15 and 37°C for 2 h. All NDSRI concentrations were quantitatively determined via validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methodology. Additionally, time-dependent nitrosations of selected APIs were monitored to kinetically assess the proportion of NDSRIs after the gastric passage. All results and observations were further processed by means of structure activity relationship (SAR) predictions to identify highly susceptible compounds in the group of concern.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of Acetyl, Propionyl, and Butanoyl Derivatives of THC and Its Analogs, and Their Synthetic By-Products in Oils and a Herbal Product.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3883

Rie Tanaka, Michiho Ito, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri

{"title":"Identification of Acetyl, Propionyl, and Butanoyl Derivatives of THC and Its Analogs, and Their Synthetic By-Products in Oils and a Herbal Product.","authors":"Rie Tanaka, Michiho Ito, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri","doi":"10.1002/dta.3883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3883","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2021, products claiming to contain Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) analogs have been distributed online and in physical stores, including liquid cartridges for electronic cigarettes, herbal products, and gummy products. This study identified the ingredients in products claiming to contain THC analogs distributed online. Seven oil products and one herbal product were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-photodiode array-mass spectrometry (LC-PDA-MS). After isolating and purifying the unknown components from the products, structural analysis was performed by measuring 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and various two-dimensional NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY). The analysis revealed the presence of Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (Δ8-THC-O), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (Δ9-THC-O), Δ4(8)-iso-THC-O-acetate, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabihexol acetate (Δ9-THCH-O), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabiphorol acetate (Δ9-THCP-O), Δ8-THC-O-propionate, Δ9-THC-O-propionate, Δ4(8)-iso-THC-O-propionate, Δ9-THCB-O-butanoate, and Δ9-THCP-O-butanoate in these products.","PeriodicalId":160,"journal":{"name":"Drug Testing and Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hematological ABP: Interest of New Generation Sequencing Methods (NGS) to Study Suspicious Fluctuations in Erythropoiesis.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3880

G Dine, A Lamzouri, E Guibert, J-C Alvarez

引用次数: 0

The 23rd International Conference of Racing Analysts and Veterinarians.

IF 2.6 3区医学

Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3882

Emmie N M Ho

引用次数: 0