Journal of forensic and legal medicine最新文献_第4页

A fatal case of gastropericardial fistula due to a benign gastric ulcer 良性胃溃疡致胃心包瘘1例死亡

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102948

Koichi Uemura, Kana Unuma

{"title":"A fatal case of gastropericardial fistula due to a benign gastric ulcer","authors":"Koichi Uemura, Kana Unuma","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastropericardial fistula caused by a benign gastric ulcer is a rare condition, with few fatal cases documented in forensic medicine. A healthy man in his 40s presented with chest pain and fever. Pericardiocentesis produced exudative fluid with a markedly elevated adenosine deaminase level, leading to an initial diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis and initiation of antituberculous therapy. Despite treatment, the patient deteriorated. On hospital day 43, gastric contents were observed draining from a mediastinal tube. Upper endoscopy revealed a large gastric ulcer that had perforated the diaphragm and communicated directly with the pericardial cavity. The patient died of multi-organ failure on day 55. Forensic autopsy revealed a 7-cm chronic gastric ulcer penetrating the left hemidiaphragm and forming a 1-cm fistula with the pericardial sac, and no evidence of tuberculosis. This case highlights the need to consider gastropericardial fistula in patients with unexplained pericarditis, especially if atypical effusions or alimentary material are noted in thoracic drains. Early recognition followed by urgent surgical intervention may be life-saving. Furthermore, from a forensic perspective, it highlights the need to consider gastropericardial fistulas in healthy adults with unexplained chest pain in the context of sudden death.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102948"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Knowledge and perception of forensic science among junior police officers in Ghana 加纳初级警察的法医学知识和认知

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102949

Jeffery Kweku Dadson, Elizabeth Wiafe, Solomon Asiedu, Benjamin Agyin, Afia Pinamang Owusu Ansah, Adriana Natekie Tetteyfio, Charlotte Agyemang

{"title":"Knowledge and perception of forensic science among junior police officers in Ghana","authors":"Jeffery Kweku Dadson, Elizabeth Wiafe, Solomon Asiedu, Benjamin Agyin, Afia Pinamang Owusu Ansah, Adriana Natekie Tetteyfio, Charlotte Agyemang","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forensic science is crucial in criminal justice administration, and relies on the contributions of law enforcement for its successful implementation. Global reports suggests that knowledge and perception significantly influence the use of forensic techniques by these agencies. In many developing countries like Ghana, where forensic expertise is limited, police officers often serve as first responders as well as crime scene managers. This study evaluated the knowledge and perception of forensic science among junior police officers through a cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaires. Responses were gathered from 180 junior police officers who were randomly selected from the Ashanti region. The findings indicated that only 14 % of the police officers had received formal forensic education, while 37 % have participated in training in forensic science. Furthermore, 54 % of the officers indicated that they have never employed any forensic procedures in their work. However, majority of the officers (99 %) had positive perception of forensic science, and advocated for enhanced training opportunities. The study also revealed that years of service, educational qualification, and unit affiliation significantly impacted the officers’ knowledge of forensic science. Additionally, the practical application of forensic science was found to play a vital role in shaping their perceptions of the field. The findings indicate that despite the low levels of formal education and training, majority of junior police officers in Ghana, view forensic science positively. It is therefore recommended that officers who also serve as crime scene investigators are offered opportunities for continuous education and training in forensic science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102949"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medical cannabis: Regulatory review in United States, European Union and United Kingdom 医用大麻：美国、欧洲联盟和联合王国的管制审查

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2025-08-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102947

M. Arjun , Vishakha Verma , S. Bhoopathi , Ashutosh Mishra , M.P. Venkatesh

{"title":"Medical cannabis: Regulatory review in United States, European Union and United Kingdom","authors":"M. Arjun , Vishakha Verma , S. Bhoopathi , Ashutosh Mishra , M.P. Venkatesh","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cannabis contains compounds like delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, which are commonly used for epilepsy, anxiety and chronic pain. Medical marijuana involves the utilization of cannabis for therapeutic objectives, such as the management of various ailments. Given the vast array of potential pharmacological and medicinal applications of cannabis and its by-products, there has been a surge of interest in developing cannabis-related products. Because it presents a potential health hazard and is still under clinical investigation, a set of guidelines is needed for its safe use. Based on market research, medicinal cannabis development is currently established worldwide, including in the United States (US), the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK). The European Medicines Agency (EMA) aims to establish guidelines after accounting for the regulations of EU member states. There are notable differences in the regulations for Cannabis in US, EU regions and UK. Each member state in the EU has its own distinct set of regulations. The UK has implemented a clear legal framework through the Misuse of Drugs (Amendments) (Cannabis and License Fees) Regulations 2018, permitting the controlled use of cannabis for medical purposes. This study summarizes the recently established regulations in each region, allowing for a clearer comprehension of the divergent regulatory practices. The study also evaluates the present laws governing the utilization of cannabis cultivation and medicines in the EU, with particular emphasis on the differences in legislation between the US, EU and UK regarding medicinal products containing cannabinoids, which may result in varying degrees of access to these products, addressing toxicologists and doctors. This comprehensive review may assist policymakers in harmonizing cannabis regulations globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102947"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sexual dimorphism of the distal femur in a South African computer tomography sample 南非计算机断层扫描样本中股骨远端性别二态性

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102945

Daniële Kristen, Anna Catherina Oettlé

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism of the distal femur in a South African computer tomography sample","authors":"Daniële Kristen, Anna Catherina Oettlé","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The distal femur offers reliable sex estimation markers. However, in the South African context standards for assessing sexual dimorphism from the distal femur has only incorporated limited measurements on skeletal remains. To enhance the applicability and reliability of standards, even if remains are fragmentary, the study aimed to collect an expanded set of landmarks from contemporary 3D computed tomography (CT) models to study sexual dimorphism in the distal femur.</div><div>Nineteen landmarks were placed on 3D models of the CT scans of distal femurs belonging to Black South Africans (50 males and 50 females), aged 18–80 years, from which 15 linear measurements were calculated and analyzed using repeatability tests, student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test, discriminant function analysis (DFA), and geometric morphometrics.</div><div>The measurements were repeatable and demonstrated significant sexual dimorphism, with males generally exhibiting larger dimensions. The distal epicondylar breadth (DEB) achieved the highest classification accuracies of 81 % in Blacks and 95 % in Whites. Discriminant function equations improved classification accuracies by 2 % in each population group respectively. Compared to linear dimensions, classification accuracies based on shape variation delivered similar percentages in Blacks but lower percentages in Whites.</div><div>An expanded, accurate, and repeatable set of distal femoral measurements was produced to be applied as individual cut-off values or as part of discriminant function equations for sex estimation. The DEB was particularly valuable. Shape variation did not make a substantial difference and is not useful for fragmentary remains. The population variation observed underscores the importance of developing population-specific standards in forensic anthropology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102945"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Salivary markers of violence - the possible alterations in salivary cortisol levels to identify victims of violence - a systematic review 唾液暴力的标志——唾液皮质醇水平的可能改变，以识别暴力受害者——一个系统的回顾

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102942

Szymon Rzepczyk , Kacper Nijakowski , Jakub Jankowski , Filip Nowicki , Czesław Żaba

{"title":"Salivary markers of violence - the possible alterations in salivary cortisol levels to identify victims of violence - a systematic review","authors":"Szymon Rzepczyk , Kacper Nijakowski , Jakub Jankowski , Filip Nowicki , Czesław Żaba","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Each form of violence constitutes a significant social problem and presents a diagnostic challenge, particularly from the perspective of medico-legal assessment. Moreover, as a stressor, violence influences the levels of biomarkers that can be measured in saliva, an easily accessible material for testing. This systematic review aimed to assess changes in salivary hormonal biomarker levels among individuals experiencing various forms of violence, with particular emphasis on cortisol. Following the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 studies were included. Most studies originated from Europe and the USA and encompassed both children and adults. Cases of interpersonal violence were analyzed, particularly physical, sexual, and psychological violence, including bullying. Based on the analysis of the included studies, trends in alterations of salivary cortisol levels and its diurnal secretion profile were identified. The conducted meta-analysis demonstrated slightly lower morning cortisol levels and significantly elevated evening cortisol levels in abused individuals. Further research is necessary to precisely characterize the impact of violence on salivary cortisol levels to evaluate the potential use of this parameter for the objective, real-time diagnosis of violent events. Such advancements would facilitate the implementation of victim care programs and enhance the detection of violence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102942"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Calcified cartilage-like aggregations of the external acoustic meatus found on cone beam computed tomography scans may offer forensic application: Report of case series 锥形束计算机断层扫描发现的外声道钙化软骨样聚集物可提供法医应用：病例系列报告

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102937

John K. Brooks , Christopher P. Toomey , Azin Parsa

引用次数: 0

Horseshoe kidney: An incidental autopsy finding and its medico-legal significance 马蹄形肾：偶然的尸检发现及其医学-法律意义

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102938

Vinod Ashok Chaudhari , Sathish Ayyappan

引用次数: 0

Correlation of vitreous and serum biochemical markers with postmortem interval and cold storage duration: A prospective observational study 玻璃体和血清生化指标与死后时间和冷藏时间的相关性：一项前瞻性观察研究。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102932

G. Kavin , Vinod Ashok Chaudhari , Ambika Prasad Patra , Prashant Shankarrao Adole , Jang Bahadur Prasad , Deepu Mathew

{"title":"Correlation of vitreous and serum biochemical markers with postmortem interval and cold storage duration: A prospective observational study","authors":"G. Kavin , Vinod Ashok Chaudhari , Ambika Prasad Patra , Prashant Shankarrao Adole , Jang Bahadur Prasad , Deepu Mathew","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating the postmortem interval is a critical yet challenging aspect of forensic investigations. This study investigates the potential of serum and vitreous humor (VH) biomarkers like CK-Total, CK-MB, urea, creatinine, and uric acid for PMI estimation, while also assessing the effect of cold chamber duration on these markers. A prospective observational study was conducted on 125 autopsy cases, with PMI ranging from 155 to 3540 min. Serum and VH samples were analyzed, and correlations between biomarker levels, PMI, and cold chamber duration were examined using Spearman's correlation. Significant positive correlations with PMI were found for serum CK-Total, CK-MB, and uric acid, while VH CK-Total and CK-MB also showed significant associations. In contrast, VH urea, creatinine, and uric acid did not correlate significantly with PMI. Serum biomarkers, particularly CK-MB, were also significantly associated with cold chamber duration. Regression models combining biomarker concentrations and cold storage time showed high predictive accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9673 for serum and 0.986 for VH). The findings suggest that CK isoenzymes in serum, VH, and serum urea and uric acid are valuable for estimating PMI. Including cold chamber duration in the analysis further strengthens the reliability of these biomarkers, offering a robust approach for forensic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102932"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144769470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic Herald 法医先驱报》

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102951

John AM. Gall

引用次数: 0

Death associated with wet cupping therapy (hijama): A case report 与湿罐疗法（hijama）相关的死亡：1例报告

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102922

Emrah Emiral , Erhan Serhat Demir , Bülent Değirmenci , Bekir Dinçer , Mehmet Doğan , İbrahim Üzün

{"title":"Death associated with wet cupping therapy (hijama): A case report","authors":"Emrah Emiral , Erhan Serhat Demir , Bülent Değirmenci , Bekir Dinçer , Mehmet Doğan , İbrahim Üzün","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The World Health Organization defines traditional medicine as the sum of knowledge and practices unique to different cultures. Wet cupping therapy (hijama), a traditional medicine practice, holds religious and cultural significance, particularly in Middle Eastern and Islamic societies. However, this practice can lead to serious complications when performed under inappropriate conditions or by unqualified individuals. This study presents a case in which sudden cardiac death occurred following a hijama performed by an unlicensed practitioner on a patient diagnosed with ischemic stroke and a bladder tumor.</div><div>In the case review, it was determined that hijama applied to different parts of the body on consecutive days may have contributed to hemodynamic instability and potentially precipitated sudden cardiac arrest due to cumulative blood loss and stress. Autopsy findings revealed myocardial fibrosis associated with previous myocardial infarction, and no other acute toxicological or pathological findings were present. While a direct causal link cannot be definitively proven, the close temporal association, forensic assessment, and lack of alternative causes suggest a plausible connection between the hijama procedure and the fatal outcome.</div><div>This case underscores the importance of performing invasive traditional medicine practices under appropriate conditions and by authorized healthcare professionals. Raising awareness among the public and healthcare workers about such practices and ensuring the effective enforcement of legal regulations is critical to preventing potential complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102922"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0