Journal of forensic and legal medicine最新文献

{"title":"Reflective writing an assessment strategy for post-mortem observational activity in medical students","authors":"Sanjay Gupta , Utsav Parekh , Daideepya Chandra Bhargava","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102733","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102733"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trigeminal nerve injuries following dental procedures: A retrospective analysis of malpractice claims from 2016 to 2023 in South Korea","authors":"Min Ji Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Dental malpractice claims, which pertain to legal actions against dentists accused of clinical negligence that caused harm to patients, have increased in the past ten years in South Korea. The claims are caused by complications, particularly trigeminal nerve injuries, resulting from various dental procedures. Medicolegal issues related to trigeminal nerve injury have not been previously described in South Korea. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify the general, dental, and judicial characteristics of closed dental malpractice claims.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study was designed as a descriptive study. We collected the data of 51 closed claims related to trigeminal nerve injury resulting from dental procedures such as dental implant emplacement, tooth extraction, and local anesthesia. The claims were decided by courts in South Korea between 2016 and 2023. The general, dental, and judicial characteristics of the claims were analyzed retrospectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The average claim resolution period was 4.2 (range: 1.47–8.39) years post-adverse events that occurred more frequently in dental clinics (68.6 %) than in dental (25.5 %) or general hospitals (5.9 %). Inferior alveolar (66.7 %) and lingual (17.6 %) nerves were injured following dental procedures. The duty to inform was breached in 68.6 % of claims. The dental procedure performed (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and the injured nerve (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) were associated with the violation of the duty to care.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>To improve the quality of dental care services, the analysis of the adverse events using various resources including judgments should be strongly addressed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102730"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printing and CBCT anatomical reproducibility assessment in forensic scenarios","authors":"Rebeca Queiroz-Fontes ,&nbsp;Patricia Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Tiago Nunes ,&nbsp;André Nogueira ,&nbsp;Jeidson Marques ,&nbsp;Ana Corte-Real","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The scientific community highlighted the relevance of 3D physical models since the beginning of the XXI century, complementary to three-dimensional(3D) digital volume by computer tomography, to support court discussions on medico-legal issues. The recreation of 3D evidence can be an important tool for investigators and experts, providing a better understanding of the causes and circumstances of the events involved in a crime.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The present study aims to assess the reproducibility of 3D printed and 3D tomographic volumes generated from mandibles following simulated forensic injuries, highlighting the recreation of crime tools.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Concerning the study design presented, data collection was performed in three phases. Nine simulated injuries of forensic interest were selected (phase1) and all the mandibles were scanned tomographically, individually, by Cone Beam Computed Tomography CBCT (phase 2). Then, in phase 3, the DICOM images were used for 3D printing with the Ender 3® printer by the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique. The data analysis followed two procedures: the comparison between the artificial mandible and 3D tomographic volume (AT) and the comparison between the artificial mandible and 3D printed volume, or the copy (AC). Data were analyzed using T-Student and ICC tests and presented in Bland-Altman plots.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The analogic technique applied in 3D printed volume, when compared with computerized technique, using 3D digital images and measurement, showed to be accurate and reproducible. Further studies are needed in search of standardization for three-dimensional measurements in digitized and printed volumes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102719"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol use, civilian interference, and other possible risk factors for death during restraint","authors":"Eeva Puittinen,&nbsp;Riitta Haukilahti,&nbsp;Katarina Lindroos","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Physical restraint is usually used when trying to control and terminate a violent episode. Many causes are possible behind aggressive, agitated, and violent behavior. Some of these are such factors that can either be detected in forensic autopsies or can be evident from the person's medical records. Various causes for deaths during physical restraint have been suggested.</p><p>In this study, we wanted to review all incidents in which physical restraint was employed, ending in death of the restrained person, whether the restraint was applied by police officers, security guards, police custody personnel, health care personnel or ordinary civilians. The main aim was to see if this new kind of study design would increase our knowledge in circumstances and causes leading to death in restraint situations.</p><p>Data was collected retrospectively from all forensic autopsies performed in the Southern Finland area during 2010–2015. We went through 21,036 forensic autopsy cases and found 12 cases (0.06 %) in which a physical restraint was employed before death. Police officers were involved in the physical restraint in 7/12 of the cases: in two of these cases, police alone; in three cases, police and guards; and in two cases, police and health care personnel. Civilians carried out the restraint in 5/12 cases. With civilians responsible for the restraint, the cause of death was more likely considered to be a result of the restraint itself than in cases where police and other authorities were responsible for the restraint. This could be because civilians aren't educated about safe restraint methods, and they might themselves be intoxicated. Alcohol was the most common psychoactive substance found in this study and could be a risk factor for not only aggressive behavior but also death, since alcohol use can provoke cardiac arrhythmias and even sudden death. Based on this study, and previously published studies, we see restraint deaths as a varying spectrum of deaths, in which the death is often possibly a result of many factors, including the effects of agitation and restraint, intoxication, and cardiac and other illnesses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1752928X24000908/pdfft?md5=36d3fa5b6bd7c53876bd37a8ecc4e987&pid=1-s2.0-S1752928X24000908-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic case reports of Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in Santa Catarina state, Southern Brazil","authors":"Victor Wilson Botteon,&nbsp;Anderson Gaedke,&nbsp;Victor Michelon Alves","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Only a few cases describing the activity of dermestids on human corpses have been reported in the literature<em>. Dermestes maculatus</em> is a cosmopolitan beetle associated with carcasses at different decomposition stages, usually colonizing skeletonized and mummified remains. In this study, we presented two forensic case reports of <em>D</em>. <em>maculatus</em> associated with human corpses in Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. In the first case, a human corpse in an advanced stage of decomposition was found hanged in an outdoor urban area. In the other one, a mummified cadaver was found inside of a closed house. In this last case, larvae of <em>D. maculatus</em> were essential to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (PMI) for the first time in Scientific Police of Santa Catarina. Our records highlight the significance of necrophagous beetles in ecological succession and in estimating PMI in cases involving human remains and corpses in advanced stage of decomposition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102735"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between forensic medicine education, stress factors, and mobbing perception from the perspective of specialists in Turkey's universities","authors":"Cemil Çelik ,&nbsp;Uğur Ata ,&nbsp;Murat Kamalak ,&nbsp;Naile Esra Saka","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The current situation needs to be presented with scientific data to ensure and improve the quality of specialist training. This study examined the quality of education, instructor competence, stress factors, mobbing, and their interconnections in the domain of forensic medicine specialty education in Turkey.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study was conducted through an anonymous, web-based survey targeting forensic medicine specialists who have completed their specialist training in university forensic medicine departments within the last three years. The survey consisted of questions regarding issues included in the core education curriculum, educator characteristics, and perceptions of stress and mobbing. Based on the responses provided, the relationships between these factors were statistically analysed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>72.7 % of the study population completed the survey. Nearly half of the participants (46.3 %) did not consider the number of instructors adequate. The quality of instructors (scientific competence, educational and teaching skills, interpersonal relations, accessibility, management, and problem-solving abilities) was determined to be partially sufficient (mean = 3.36). Approximately one-third of the respondents indicated that instructors made the greatest contribution to their specialist training, whereas the proportion of those who said otherwise was much higher. Education received for topics included in the core curriculum was partially sufficient level (mean = 3.04). It was observed that there was a significant relationship between the instructor characteristics, sufficiency score of the taught topics, and perception of mobbing (p &lt; 0.01). The sufficiency scores of instructor characteristics had a 1.02-fold impact on sufficiency ratings of the topics covered in residency training. Among the respondents, 76.9 % reported encountering stress factors during their specialty training, with the most frequently exposed stress factor (52.2 %) being disorganisation within the training program. Among the participants, 22.8 % reported experiencing mobbing.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Education and instructor qualifications were correlated; however, stress factors and mobbing adversely affected education. A close association was observed between education, instructors, stressors, and mobbing. Thus independent and objective auditors tasked with verifying whether institutions meet the established educational standards need to be established.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic medical examination after conflict-related sexual violence: A scoping review of the literature","authors":"Elena Rubini ,&nbsp;Martina Valente ,&nbsp;Giulia Sguazzi ,&nbsp;Monica Trentin ,&nbsp;Luca Ragazzoni ,&nbsp;Sarah Gino","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is a form of gender-based violence and a violation of human rights. Forensic medical examination of victims of CRSV can be performed for the clinical and forensic management of patients or as part of the medical affidavit in judicial protection procedures. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize the knowledge on the forensic medical examination of survivors of CRSV by analyzing what types of violence were described by survivors, as well as the outcome of medical examination and evaluation of the degree of consistency, and of protection procedures. After the screening process, 17 articles published between January 1st, 2013, and April 3rd, 2023, on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were eligible for inclusion. The findings of our review confirm that literature addressing forensic medical examination of victims of CRSV is scarce, as well as studies describing physicians’ opinion on the consistency of the findings and protection outcomes. Trained and experienced professionals are needed in order to document human rights violations, including CRSV-specific lesions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102736"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1752928X24000982/pdfft?md5=f89cd6eab48290cbfec8b0b389030322&pid=1-s2.0-S1752928X24000982-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of geometric morphometrics for age estimation using frontal face photographs of children and adolescents: A promising method for forensic practice","authors":"Nicole Prata Damascena ,&nbsp;Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida Lima ,&nbsp;Bianca Marques Santiago ,&nbsp;Inmaculada Alemán-Aguilera ,&nbsp;Eugénia Cunha ,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo Palhares Machado ,&nbsp;Paulo Ricardo Martins-Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Age estimation is crucial in legal and humanitarian contexts. Forensic professionals may use various procedures to estimate age, including dental analysis, bone density tests, evaluation of physical characteristics including facial bone structure and development, and image-based methods. Although images are often the only material available, visual observation of photographic material is an imprecise method in age estimation, which can compromise judicial decision-making. Analyzing 4000 photographs from the Brazilian Federal Police database, representing four age groups (6, 10, 14, and 18 years), the study employed automated analysis by marking 28 photogrammetric points. Data were used to establish facial patterns by age and sex using the facial geometric morphometrics method. Performance was assessed through a Multinomial Logistic Regression model, evaluating accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity across the categorical age groups. Analyses were conducted using R software, with a 5 % significance level. The study found that facial geometric morphometrics achieved an overall accuracy of 69.3 % in age discrimination, with higher accuracy in males (74.7 %) compared to females (65.8 %) (p &lt; 0.001). The method excelled at predicting the age of 6-year-olds with 87.3 % sensitivity and 95.6 % specificity but had lower performance at 14 years. It showed greater accuracy in distinguishing age groups with larger age gaps, achieving up to 99.5 % accuracy between certain groups, and was particularly effective in differentiating ages of 6 and 10 years in females and 10, 14, and 18 years in males. The facial geometric morphometrics emerges as a promising approach for age estimation among children and adolescents in forensic settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102734"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing a participatory curriculum development approach for multidisciplinary training on the forensic medical evaluation of asylum seekers","authors":"Shawheen J. Rezaei ,&nbsp;Shaina Twardus ,&nbsp;Michelle Collins ,&nbsp;Matthew Gartland","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Clinicians play an important role in asylum applications through the forensic medical evaluation (FME). The lack of adequately trained and knowledgeable clinicians limits access to FME. Participatory curriculum development is a powerful tool that elevates voices of multiple stakeholders to generate innovation in FME education. The objective of this study was to conduct an interview-based curricular needs assessment of the core skills needed to perform safe and effective FME and the most effective teaching methods targeting multidisciplinary learners.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In accordance with a participatory curriculum development framework, we conducted semi-structured interviews of individuals in four key stakeholder groups that play an important role in FME: asylees, experienced educators, prospective learners, and attorneys. We used grounded theory<span>, an inductive approach to the thematic coding of interview transcripts.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Interview participants described the most important skills for performing FME and approaches to teaching these skills. Thematic saturation was reached at 13 interviews. Four major themes central to an FME curriculum were identified: (1) Core knowledge and technical skills to perform effective FME, (2) Practical skills in a trauma-informed approach to FME, (3) Mitigating secondary trauma and building resilience, and (4) Teaching approaches for multi-disciplinary learners.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We conducted an interview-based study utilizing participatory curriculum development principles to investigate the most important skills to conduct safe and effective FME of asylum seekers. We found that experiential training that emphasizes the practice of skills in a multi-disciplinary environment is more aligned with stakeholder needs than existing frameworks built around one-way knowledge transfer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102718"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sibutramine-induced pheochromocytoma crisis: A rare and lethal occurrence","authors":"Weiwei Zhu ,&nbsp;Ping Huang ,&nbsp;Ji Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongmei Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pheochromocytoma is a neuroendocrine tumor that secretes catecholamines; excessive catecholamine secretion can lead to pheochromocytoma crisis (PCC), a rare and life-threatening condition. Sibutramine, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, was previously used for obesity treatment but is now banned due to its cardiovascular side effects. Although fatalities related to PCC and adverse events associated with sibutramine have been frequently reported individually, there is no documented literature addressing PCC-induced by sibutramine. Here we report a rare case of fatal sibutramine-induced PCC in a previously asymptomatic young female with undiagnosed pheochromocytoma. The 25-year-old patient took a weight-loss pill containing sibutramine for the first time and subsequently experienced nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, and other symptoms. She went to hospital about 6 hours after taking the pill but died approximately 4 hours later despite the resuscitation efforts. An autopsy revealed a pheochromocytoma in the right adrenal gland. The cause of death was attributed to sibutramine-induced PCC. To our knowledge, this is the first report to document the occurrence of sibutramine-induced PCC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102711"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}