Journal of forensic and legal medicine最新文献

{"title":"Diagnostic pitfalls in forensic pathology: Postmortem facial lesions mimicking trauma caused by pharaoh ants (Monomorium pharaonis)","authors":"Jae-Bong Jung ,&nbsp;Seong Hwan Park ,&nbsp;Sang-Hyun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Misinterpretation of insect-related postmortem artifacts as traumatic injuries remains a critical diagnostic challenge in forensic pathology, particularly in enclosed indoor environments. We report a case involving a deceased adult male found indoors with multiple superficial perioral and facial lesions initially suspected to be perimortem trauma. However, based on photographic evaluation by a forensic entomologist, the lesions were identified as likely caused by postmortem activity of <em>Monomorium pharaonis</em> (pharaoh ants), a synanthropic species commonly found in human dwellings. Numerous ant eggs and larvae were subsequently discovered in the folds of the decedent's clothing, and the lesion morphology was consistent with postmortem necrophagy rather than true antemortem injury. This case represents the first formally documented instance in South Korea in which pharaoh ant-induced artifacts led to the avoidance of an erroneous forensic interpretation of violence. The findings highlight the importance of considering insect activity in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue lesions and demonstrate how inconspicuous insect activity can mimic violence-related injuries. Integration of entomological expertise—particularly early in scene evaluation—is essential to prevent unnecessary autopsies and medicolegal errors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147792946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The exploration of using gut microbiota to estimate early post-mortem interval","authors":"Zhu-Song Mei,&nbsp;Yuan Luo,&nbsp;Qiao Ye,&nbsp;Bing-Qian Guo,&nbsp;Long-Mei Fang,&nbsp;Guang-Jin Guo,&nbsp;Lu Wang,&nbsp;Feng-Seng Duan,&nbsp;Shao-Cong Hu,&nbsp;Yue-Ying Cui,&nbsp;Guang-Yun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precise estimation of early post-mortem interval (PMI) remains a significant challenge in forensic medicine. The gut microbiota, with its successional changes after host death, has emerged as a promising tool for forensic science. In this pilot study, we aimed to characterize the successional patterns of the cecal microbiota in rats during the first 24 h post-mortem using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, based on a small sample size (n = 3 per group). Our results indicated that, although overall microbial diversity remained largely stable, the community structure showed gradual temporal shifts over the 24 h period. Notably, we observed significant shifts in specific bacterial taxa, including a decline in Lactobacillus and an increase in Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, although these findings are constrained by limited sample size and require confirmation in larger cohorts. Furthermore, Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) identified 15 bacterial clades as potential differential biomarkers across the post-mortem intervals. Analysis using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) suggested temporal shifts in microbial metabolic potential. Collectively, these preliminary findings suggest an association between the composition of the gut microbiota and early PMI, highlighting the potential of this approach as a basis for novel forensic indicators, pending further validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the role of HSP70 immunohistochemical staining method to the diagnosis of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in autopsies","authors":"Alican Karagüzel,&nbsp;İsmail Çoban,&nbsp;Fulya Karagüzel,&nbsp;Aytül Buğra","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, affecting millions of people worldwide. Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of mortality among epilepsy patients. Diagnosing SUDEP is particularly challenging in forensic medicine due to the absence of specific findings in autopsies. This study aimed to contribute to the diagnosis of SUDEP by evaluating HSP70 immunohistochemical staining in the hippocampal region.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, brain tissue samples from 83 cases with a history of epilepsy and 26 control cases were collected during autopsies. Sections of the hippocampal region were evaluated using HSP70 immunohistochemical staining under light microscopy. Additionally, the sociodemographic characteristics, macroscopic and microscopic autopsy findings, medication usage, comorbidities, and causes of death of the cases were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study revealed that 63.9% of the deaths were attributed to SUDEP. The average age of the SUDEP group was 31.86 ± 12.64 years. No statistically significant association was found between antiepileptic drug usage and SUDEP deaths, although 34% of SUDEP cases lacked evidence of medication use based on clinical and toxicological findings. Immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly higher HSP70 staining in the SUDEP group compared to the non-SUDEP group. Significant staining was observed in granular cells, neuronal cells, and a combination of both.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HSP70 staining of the hippocampus demonstrated significantly higher staining across all subtypes in SUDEP cases. The results indicate that HSP70 immunohistochemical staining provides significant support for SUDEP diagnosis and could be employed as an ancillary staining method in forensic medicine practices<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147858957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CT-based assessment of manubriosternal joint fusion for forensic age estimation: Age and sex distribution in 734 Indian adults","authors":"Dhruv Gehlot ,&nbsp;Kushal Gehlot","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Forensic age estimation in individuals older than 50 years remains challenging because conventional skeletal indicators exhibit wide error margins in this age range. The manubriosternal joint (MSJ) is among the last joints in the human skeleton to undergo fusion, yet large-scale computed tomography (CT)-based data on its fusion patterns particularly from the Indian subcontinent are sparse.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the prevalence and age–sex distribution of complete MSJ fusion on CT in a large Indian cohort and to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy for forensic age estimation, with particular reference to the medico-legally relevant 55–65-year age window.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this retrospective cross-sectional observational study, MSJ fusion status was assessed on chest CT scans of 734 consecutive outpatients at a government hospital over a one-year period. Fusion was recorded as a binary variable (complete fusion vs. no fusion). Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, binary logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 734 patients (age range 0–97 years), 194 (26.4%) showed complete MSJ fusion. The mean age of fused individuals was 57.2 years compared with 48.2 years in the unfused group (p &lt; 0.001). Fusion prevalence rose progressively from 0% in the 0–9-year age group to 41% in the 70–79-year group but did not exceed 44% in any decade. On logistic regression, each one-year increase in age significantly increased the odds of fusion (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.032 per year, 95% CI 1.021-1.043), while sex was not a significant independent predictor. The optimal age cutoff by Youden's index was ≥54 years, yielding a sensitivity of 64.9% and specificity of 57.0%, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.642. Addition of sex to the model did not meaningfully improve discrimination (AUC 0.643).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Complete MSJ fusion is significantly associated with advancing age but occurs in only a minority of individuals even beyond the seventh decade. Its moderate discriminative ability (AUC 0.642) indicates that MSJ fusion alone is insufficient for precise forensic age estimation. However, its high negative predictive value at younger thresholds may be useful as an adjunctive indicator within a multifactorial age-estimation protocol. Population-specific Indian reference data are presented for the first time from a CT-based sample of this size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal outcomes during prone restraint in police interventions: a multidisciplinary forensic and legal analysis from the Czech Republic","authors":"Lukáš Habich ,&nbsp;Tomáš Najman ,&nbsp;Libor Grepl ,&nbsp;Martin Dobiáš ,&nbsp;Jan Bajura ,&nbsp;David Dlouhý ,&nbsp;Jan Vlasák ,&nbsp;Klára Neureutterová ,&nbsp;Kateřina Hlaváčová ,&nbsp;Jiří Víšek ,&nbsp;Martin Kynčl ,&nbsp;Jakub Otáhal","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Deaths occurring during or shortly after police restraint pose a major forensic and legal challenge. Prone restraint with torso compression has been associated with fatal outcomes, yet underlying mechanisms and their legal interpretation remain unclear. Evidence is predominantly derived from North America and Western Europe, with limited systematic data from other regions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a multidisciplinary case series of prone restraint–related fatal and near-fatal police interventions documented in the Czech Republic between 2012 and 2023. Ten cases were identified using official records from the General Inspection of Security Forces and the Police of the Czech Republic. For each case, forensic pathology, toxicology, physiological considerations, operational characteristics, temporal sequencing, and legal outcomes were jointly evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All cases involved prone positioning with torso compression and showed a consistent temporal pattern in which physiological collapse occurred shortly after restraint release rather than during active restraint. Most individuals exhibited pre-existing vulnerability factors, including elevated body mass index, psychiatric comorbidity, substance use, or cardiovascular pathology. External signs of asphyxia were uncommon, whereas internal findings compatible with hypoxia were frequent, and no case demonstrated fatal traumatic injury. Despite comparable medical and forensic findings, legal outcomes varied substantially.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our data suggest that fatal and near-fatal outcomes during prone restraint result from cumulative physiological stress rather than a single mechanical mechanism. The post-restraint collapse window represents a critical but under-recognized phase of risk, highlighting the need for improved post-restraint monitoring, standardized documentation, and integrated forensic–legal evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148102451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of factors associated with intentional non-pharmaceutical poisoning in Iran","authors":"Nastaran Eizadi-Mood ,&nbsp;Setayesh Ghadiri ,&nbsp;Awat Feizi ,&nbsp;Razieh Yazdi ,&nbsp;Amin Dorostkar ,&nbsp;Parisa Mirmoghtadaee ,&nbsp;Rokhsareh Meamar","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intentional poisoning is frequently observed in low and middle-income countries contributing to the global burden of injuries<strong>.</strong> However, there is limited comprehensive analysis of factors specifically associated with intentional non-pharmaceutical poisoning. This study provides one of the first analytical comparisons distinguishing intentional from accidental non-pharmaceutical poisoning in Iran, offering a practical risk profile to support early psychiatric triage, targeted intervention, and public health planning.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a referral poisoning center in Iran. Medical records of patients admitted between January 2015 and December 2019 with nonpharmaceutical poisoning were reviewed. Binary logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with intentional poisoning.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1547 patients were included. Among the participants, 1041 patients (67.3%) experienced intentional poisoning. Males accounted for 65.3% of intentional cases. The most common age group for intentional poisoning was 20-40 years old (62.1%). The strongest predictors of intentional poisoning were previous suicide attempts (OR: 14.48, 95% CI 6.73-31.17), and self-harm history (OR: 7.81<strong>,</strong> 95% CI 3.12-19.57). Other significant risk factors included psychiatric disease (OR: 3.60, 95% CI 2.39-5.42), addiction(OR: 1.97, 95% CI 1.56-2.48), and smoking habits(OR: 2.50, 95% CI 1.27-4.91). Having five or more children was found to be protective (OR: 0.45<strong>,</strong> 95% CI 0.23-0.89) in intentional poisoning compared to accidental poisoning.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>With the high prevalence of intentional poisoning, targeted preventive strategies are crucial. These strategies should include early psychiatric evaluation for individuals with prior suicide attempts or self-harm, addiction-focused support services, smoking cessation interventions, and community-based education on the toxicity of non-pharmaceutical substances. Reinforcing family-centered support and screening high-risk young adults may further reduce intentional poisoning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal ram attack mimicking homicidal blunt trauma: a forensic case report","authors":"Anaïs Du Fayet de la Tour ,&nbsp;Charline Parrain ,&nbsp;Pierre Raguin ,&nbsp;François Paraf","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fatal animal-related injuries are uncommon in forensic practice and may occasionally mimic interpersonal violence, particularly in unwitnessed rural deaths. We report a fatal case of blunt force polytrauma caused by a domestic ram (<em>Ovis aries</em>) initially presenting as a suspicious death. A 62-year-old woman was found deceased in a field adjacent to her residence. External examination revealed numerous traumatic lesions involving the head, trunk, and extremities. Postmortem imaging and autopsy demonstrated extensive bilateral rib fractures, sternal disjunction, pulmonary contusions, hemothorax, and traumatic meningeal haemorrhage without skull fracture. Several anatomically distinct regions displayed elongated parallel ecchymotic abrasions with regular spacing, suggesting patterned trauma. Subsequent investigation confirmed the presence of an adult ram at the scene. Morphometric comparison demonstrated correspondence between hoof spacing and the patterned cutaneous lesions observed on the decedent, while forensic biological analyses identified animal DNA on postmortem swabs collected from the victim. Review of previously reported fatal ram attacks demonstrates a consistent injury profile dominated by severe blunt thoracic trauma, with multiple rib fractures present in all documented cases, whereas cranial and visceral injuries vary according to interaction dynamics. This case illustrates how ovine-inflicted blunt trauma may closely simulate homicidal assault and highlights the diagnostic pitfalls of animal-inflicted blunt trauma, emphasising the importance of integrating scene investigation, patterned injury analysis, and morphometric correlation in medico-legal interpretation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147990610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Literature review on forensic implications of illicit drug metabolism: A medicinal chemistry perspective","authors":"Pawan Mandal ,&nbsp;Jitesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Debasis Bora ,&nbsp;Syed Ahmar Ali Hashmi ,&nbsp;Mohit Tiwari ,&nbsp;Ritu Gupta ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Behera ,&nbsp;Miss Amoli ,&nbsp;Jaydeep Singh ,&nbsp;Sudhanshu Kumar Jha","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The metabolic processes of illicit substances are crucial within the realm of forensic toxicology, affecting the detection, analysis, and interpretation of drugs in legal and investigative contexts. Substances like opioids, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, benzodiazepines, and novel psychoactive substances (NPS) experience metabolic alterations primarily through Phase I (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis) and Phase II (glucuronidation, sulfation) transformations. Fundamentally governed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, they significantly influence the detectability and potential toxicity of the compounds. Specific metabolites, including 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) derived from heroin, benzoylecgonine originating from cocaine, and THC-COOH from cannabis, act as essential forensic indicators that assist in identifying patterns of substance use, recent exposure, or post-mortem drug redistribution. Nonetheless, drug metabolism exhibits substantial variability influenced by factors such as genetic polymorphisms, fluctuations in enzyme activity, and drug interactions, which can complicate forensic evaluations. Particularly those associated with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), have significantly bolstered the accuracy and consistency of drug identification across biological specimens like blood, urine, hair, and vitreous humor. This manuscript explores the forensic significance of drug metabolism and underscores its relevance in workplace drug testing, cases of impaired driving, and post-mortem toxicological investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147792881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postmortem blood examination revealed prevalence of heart failure and its comorbidities in bathing-related deaths in older Japanese adults","authors":"Ken-ichi Yoshida ,&nbsp;Mayu Tanabe ,&nbsp;Kana Unuma ,&nbsp;Kazuhisa Kawai ,&nbsp;Yoshiteru Tamura ,&nbsp;Mayumi Kataoka ,&nbsp;Kanako Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Komaki Ishi ,&nbsp;Masafumi Kitakaze","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147803181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary to “Enhancing forensic DNA recovery: Addressing gaps in washing treatment studies”","authors":"Sara C. Zapico ,&nbsp;Christian Stadler ,&nbsp;Gabriela Roca","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.103026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.103026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148102401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}