Journal of forensic and legal medicine最新文献_第6页

Single stab injuries to the trunk in assault cases—A comparative study of female and male victims in clinical forensic medicine 人身攻击案件中躯干单一刺伤——临床法医学中男女被害人的比较研究

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103166

Gabriela Dzemailji , Maria Berg von Linde , Stefan Acosta , Carl Johan Wingren , Ardavan M. Khoshnood

{"title":"Single stab injuries to the trunk in assault cases—A comparative study of female and male victims in clinical forensic medicine","authors":"Gabriela Dzemailji , Maria Berg von Linde , Stefan Acosta , Carl Johan Wingren , Ardavan M. Khoshnood","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/aim</h3><div>Determining the causation of an injury in living individuals is a key task for forensic pathologists. However, little is known about sex-based differences in injury characteristics. The study aims to examine sex-based differences in single stab injuries to the trunk among assault survivors, to potentially identify injury patterns that could aid forensic assessment and help in the management of these patients in emergency care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using the Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine's registry, we identified 385 survivors of single stab injuries to the trunk (361 men, 24 women). Case characteristics were collected and analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square tests, and univariate logistic regression analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Psychiatric illness was more frequent in women than in men (26% vs. 11%, p < 0.05). Women were more often assaulted at home (42% <sub>female</sub>, 21% <sub>male</sub>, p < 0.05), while men were mostly attacked outdoors (56% <sub>male</sub>, 29% <sub>female</sub>, p < 0.05). In 50% of female cases, the assault object was found at the crime scene, while in majority of male cases no object was identified (66%, p < 0.05). Horizontal wound directions were more common in women (59% vs. 29%, p < 0.05). Injury severity, based on the New Injury Severity Score, did not differ between sexes (median 8 <sub>male</sub>, median 9 <sub>female</sub>, p = 0.76).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Differences in demographics, injury characteristics, and circumstances may help guide forensic assessments by improving injury profiling and assessment accuracy. It can also help emergency caregivers provide appropriate support to assaulted patients. Further research is needed to explore whether these findings reflect underlying patterns of domestic violence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 103166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147858956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A narrative review of differential diagnoses in the forensic determination of malingering based on discrepancies and scores on performance and symptom validity tests 基于表现和症状效度测试的差异和分数，在法医鉴定诈病的鉴别诊断的叙述回顾。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103114

Christoph Leonhard

{"title":"A narrative review of differential diagnoses in the forensic determination of malingering based on discrepancies and scores on performance and symptom validity tests","authors":"Christoph Leonhard","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The forensic determination of malingering is primarily guided by performance validity tests (PVTs), symptom validity tests (SVTs), and discrepancies in the examinee's presentation. A determination of malingering may occur when PVT or SVT scores fall within the invalid range. Additionally, such determinations may arise from discrepancies between (neuro) psychological test results and established information about the examinee, or from discrepancies within the examinee's presentation. Current diagnostic frameworks incorporate differential diagnosis considerations intended to preclude a malingering determination despite the presence of discrepancies or invalid PVT and SVT scores. However, these differential diagnosis considerations are largely conceptual and remain insufficiently supported by empirical evidence. Drawing on prior literature, this narrative review examines research concerning 21 additional factors which are currently absent from existing malingering criteria, but which may compromise diagnostic accuracy. These factors include distraction, abuse history, ethnocultural and linguistic diversity, substance use, various comorbidities, fatigue, stress, and various interpersonal and situational factors. To reduce the risk of false-positive malingering determinations, recommendations for modifications to forensic assessment practices and directions for future research are proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 103114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cervical spinal manipulative therapy, arterial dissection, and the law: Informed consent and causation in Goldie C. arsenault 颈椎推拿疗法、动脉剥离和法律：Goldie c.a narsenault患者的知情同意和因果关系。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103116

Pierre Boucher

{"title":"Cervical spinal manipulative therapy, arterial dissection, and the law: Informed consent and causation in Goldie C. arsenault","authors":"Pierre Boucher","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines a recent Canadian case in which a chiropractor is found liable after a patient experienced cervical artery dissection and stroke allegedly linked to cervical spinal manipulation. Two questions dominate: whether informed consent is valid and whether the final treatment caused the injury. Using a clinician-oriented lens applied to the trial reasons, the review maps the courts’ reasoning against epidemiology, biomechanics, and contemporary clinical guidance. The trial court finds that the consent disclosure minimizes material risk, and the court of appeal upholds that informed-consent ruling. On causation, the trial court places determinative weight on clinical opinion, treats population-level evidence as “controversial,” and frames causation as a binary choice (traumatic or “spontaneous”) rather than considering interaction models (latent arterial susceptibility plus trigger). These choices risk oversimplifying a medically complex problem and accepting legal causation where scientific probability remains uncertain. On appeal, the defendant did not seek review of the causation finding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 103116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bones Like Glass: A historical forensic–pathological reassessment of a fatal infant case of osteogenesis imperfecta (Vrolik disease) from the Morgagni Museum of Padua (Italy) 骨如玻璃：来自意大利帕多瓦Morgagni博物馆的一个致命的婴儿成骨不全症（Vrolik病）的历史法医病理学重新评估。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103118

Giovanni Magno , Alberto Zanatta

{"title":"Bones Like Glass: A historical forensic–pathological reassessment of a fatal infant case of osteogenesis imperfecta (Vrolik disease) from the Morgagni Museum of Padua (Italy)","authors":"Giovanni Magno , Alberto Zanatta","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe bone fragility in infancy poses a major diagnostic challenge in forensic pathology, particularly in distinguishing congenital disorders from metabolic disease or non-accidental injury. This study presents a retrospective forensic-pathological reassessment of an infant individual who died in 1920 and was historically diagnosed with idiopathic osteopsathyrosis (Vrolik disease), now recognized as osteogenesis imperfecta.</div><div>The reassessment is based on archival clinical records, the original autopsy report, contemporaneous radiographic documentation, and non-destructive examination of the preserved individual housed at the Morgagni Museum of Human Anatomy (Padua, Italy). The study applies modern forensic and paleopathological criteria to reinterpret the distribution and characteristics of skeletal lesions, while accounting for ethical and conservation constraints that preclude destructive analyses.</div><div>The individual exhibited extreme skeletal fragility with multiple spontaneous fractures affecting long and flat bones, absence of reparative callus formation, and generalized osteoporotic changes. Radiographic and autopsy descriptions are consistent with a severe congenital bone fragility disorder. Differential diagnosis excludes rickets and non-accidental injury. Archival data also suggest maternal tuberculosis during pregnancy, discussed as a possible comorbid condition rather than a causal factor.</div><div>This case highlights the forensic relevance of historical pathological collections in providing reference material for rare congenital disorders. A retrospective reassessment using modern diagnostic frameworks can contribute to differential diagnosis in infant deaths and underscores the importance of recognizing osteogenesis imperfecta in medico-legal contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 103118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex estimation from human calvarial bone photographs with deep learning approach 基于深度学习方法的颅骨照片性别估计。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103070

Sefa Sonmez , Omer Faruk Nasip , Ahmet Depreli , Merve Nur Ozgen , Berna Dogan , Sadik Bugrahan Simsek , Caner Beskoc

{"title":"Sex estimation from human calvarial bone photographs with deep learning approach","authors":"Sefa Sonmez , Omer Faruk Nasip , Ahmet Depreli , Merve Nur Ozgen , Berna Dogan , Sadik Bugrahan Simsek , Caner Beskoc","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In forensic anthropology, skeletal structures play an important role in sex identification. The cranium and pelvis bones provide a higher accuracy rate in identification in terms of sexual dimorphism. The calvaria, which is a part of the cranium, is an important structure in terms of sex identification because it shows sex-related differences in shape, structure, and size. This study aims to estimate sex with deep learning (DL) models based on calvaria photographs. In the study, calvaria photographs of autopsied cases over the age of 18 were analyzed. We analyzed 210 photographs of the inner (endocranial) surface (105 male, 105 female) and 310 photographs of the outer (ectocranial) surface (155 male, 155 female). Calvaria photographs were trained and tested with Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithms using attributes obtained with the ResNet50 DL model. As a result, the highest success rate for sex estimation from endocranial photographs was 96.43% with Fine K-NN, while the most successful model for estimation from ectocranial photographs was Cubic SVM with 96.77% accuracy. Successful results were obtained in the sex estimation study performed with DL models directly from calvaria photographs without morphometric measurements. Future studies are needed to improve the performance of DL models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 103070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sudden death due to ventriculoperitoneal shunt dysfunction: A case report 脑室-腹膜分流功能障碍致猝死1例

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2025.103060

Varun Modgil , Yogender S. Bansal , Nirmal Nagar

{"title":"Sudden death due to ventriculoperitoneal shunt dysfunction: A case report","authors":"Varun Modgil , Yogender S. Bansal , Nirmal Nagar","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.103060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2025.103060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a surgical procedure done for hydrocephalus, usually during childhood. Unfortunately, in some cases shunt failure occurs either due to obstruction or disconnection. In rare cases, sudden death can happen due to cerebral edema caused by shunt failure.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>We report a rare case of 32-year-old Indian male, who died suddenly. An autopsy revealed obstruction of the left VP shunt, and disconnection of the right VP shunt device just near the burr hole. Both shunt procedures were done in his childhood for obstructive hydrocephalus. Death was attributed to acute diffuse cerebral edema with brain herniation.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>VP shunt failure can arise from tissue overgrowth, fibrosis, or mechanical disconnection, all of which may impair CSF drainage and increase intracranial pressure. Severe unilateral hypoplasia of the transverse and sigmoid venous sinuses is a very rare congenital anomaly that can cause hydrocephalus in early childhood. Careful postmortem examination of the shunt system, including patency, positioning, and connection integrity, is essential in such cases to establish the cause of death.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case illustrates the fatal potential of VP shunt failure. Regular monitoring and long-term follow-up in patients with VP shunts are critical. A thorough forensic autopsy is essential to confirm shunt failure, establish the precise cause of death, and provide valuable insights to prevent similar fatal outcomes in clinical practice. The findings of this case also serve as a useful reference for forensic pathologists when diagnosing rare deaths associated with VP shunt failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 103060"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145852420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From bite marks to vertical facial phenotype: Investigating the relationship between craniofacial and dental arch parameters using conventional wax and digital models 从咬痕到垂直面部表型：使用传统蜡和数字模型研究颅面和牙弓参数之间的关系

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103078

Elis Dayan , Merve Kurnaz , Özgür Önder Kuşçu , Sibel Biren , Elif Sepet

{"title":"From bite marks to vertical facial phenotype: Investigating the relationship between craniofacial and dental arch parameters using conventional wax and digital models","authors":"Elis Dayan , Merve Kurnaz , Özgür Önder Kuşçu , Sibel Biren , Elif Sepet","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to investigate whether a relationship exists between craniofacial structures and bite marks, thereby enabling the prediction of facial type based on bite mark characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Thirty-eight volunteers (aged 19–25) without orthodontic treatment, craniofacial anomalies, or temporomandibular dysfunction participated. Bite marks were created on wax-covered sponge rollers. Intercanine distance, arch depth, and arch length were measured from wax models using a caliper and from intraoral scans using the iTero Scanner. Facial profile photographs were analyzed using GIMP software to calculate FH/GoMe angle and LFH/TFH ratio (Lower face height/Total face height). Statistical analyses included intraclass correlation, Wilcoxon and paired t-tests, and Spearman's correlation (p < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences were found between wax and digital measurements except for arch lenght. FH/GoMe angle correlated with upper and lower wax arch lengths, and LFH/TFH ratio correlated with lower arch length. No correlation was found between the facial type parameters and intercanine and arch depth measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although distortion may influence wax impressions, the correlations observed suggest that certain bite mark metrics—particularly lower arch length—may provide morphologic indicators of facial phenotype. These findings are preliminary and not intended for individual identification; larger, diverse samples are needed to validate their forensic relevance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 103078"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unraveling isotonitazene: Insights into chemistry, pharmacology, and analytical techniques in forensic toxicology 解开异戊二烯：洞察化学，药理学，和法医毒理学分析技术。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103069

Richard Cherehani Kashindye , Divya Yadav , Rakesh Yadav

{"title":"Unraveling isotonitazene: Insights into chemistry, pharmacology, and analytical techniques in forensic toxicology","authors":"Richard Cherehani Kashindye , Divya Yadav , Rakesh Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Isotonitazene, a highly potent synthetic opioid, has become a major public health issue due to its potency, and it can lead to fatal overdoses, even at low concentrations. A total of 80 people who died from isotonitazene have been reported. Its rapid rise in popularity has presented unique challenges for forensic toxicology laboratories tasked with identifying and quantifying it in biological and non-biological samples due to its low dose, its analogues, lack of reference standard, and matrix effects. As a result, forensic laboratories are continually working to develop and refine analytical techniques. Therefore, a referenced compilation of previously published analytical techniques on isotonitazene for sample preparation, detection, and quantification would be useful.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed and Scopus databases were searched using keywords related to isotonitazene and new synthetic opioids. English-language articles published between November 2019 and April 2025 were included, along with reports from international organizations like the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), and World Health Organization (WHO).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Isotonitazene is characterized and described in terms of synthesis, physical and chemical properties, available forms, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, medical use, toxic effects, production, distribution, and trafficking. This article also outlines sample preparation and analytical techniques for identifying and quantifying isotonitazene in both biological and non-biological samples. Lastly, the treatment of synthetic opioid overdoses is discussed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review offers forensic scientists, public health authorities, law enforcement, and toxicologists up-to-date data on detecting and quantifying isotonitazene in various biological and non-biological matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 103069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

End-of-life care for forensic psychiatric patients: Ethical, legal, and systemic challenges in integrating palliative approaches 临终关怀法医精神病患者：伦理，法律和系统的挑战整合姑息疗法。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103087

Titus Oloruntoba Ebo , Kemi Ipinmoye , Oluwatosin Timothy Taiwo , Dolapo Mary Ebo , Eghosasere Egbon , David B. Olawade

{"title":"End-of-life care for forensic psychiatric patients: Ethical, legal, and systemic challenges in integrating palliative approaches","authors":"Titus Oloruntoba Ebo , Kemi Ipinmoye , Oluwatosin Timothy Taiwo , Dolapo Mary Ebo , Eghosasere Egbon , David B. Olawade","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>End-of-life (EOL) care for patients with serious mental illness (SMI) in forensic mental health settings remains a critical yet underexplored area of healthcare. Individuals with SMI experience significant health disparities, including reduced life expectancy due to preventable chronic illnesses. These challenges are compounded in forensic settings by legal constraints, systemic neglect, and limited access to palliative care services. This narrative review examines the unique barriers to EOL care in forensic psychiatric institutions. Key issues explored include diagnostic overshadowing, restricted patient autonomy, and the absence of integrated palliative care models. Additionally, ethical and legal dilemmas, such as involuntary treatment and advance care planning (ACP), are analysed in the context of forensic mental health. Best practices for improving EOL care in forensic psychiatric settings include the integration of multidisciplinary palliative care teams, trauma-informed approaches, and the development of hospice and alternative care models. Policy and systemic recommendations highlight the need for early palliative care consultations, legal reforms that balance patient rights with public safety, and enhanced staff training in EOL care competencies. Despite these proposed interventions, significant gaps remain in research, particularly in evaluating the effectiveness of palliative interventions in forensic settings. Addressing these gaps is crucial to ensuring forensic psychiatric patients receive compassionate, dignified, and ethically sound EOL care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 103087"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146133859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel landmark-based morphometric approach for sequencing typical thoracic vertebrae 一种新的基于地标的胸椎形态计量学方法。

IF 1.2 4区医学

Journal of forensic and legal medicine Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103075

Myrsini Voulgari , Ioanna Anastopoulou , Elena Kranioti , Christina Papageorgopoulou , Konstantinos Moraitis

{"title":"A novel landmark-based morphometric approach for sequencing typical thoracic vertebrae","authors":"Myrsini Voulgari , Ioanna Anastopoulou , Elena Kranioti , Christina Papageorgopoulou , Konstantinos Moraitis","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2026.103075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The methods for reassociating and sequencing the thoracic vertebrae are based mainly on the morphological characteristics of the bones and the expertise of the forensic anthropologist. However, the thoracic vertebrae T2-T9 show no morphological differences, and therefore, it is challenging to reassociate and sequence them, especially in cases of commingling or extensive trauma. The aim of this study was to develop a new method based on the integration of 3D geometric morphometric analysis from 3D models to provide accurate results regarding the sequencing of the thoracic vertebrae. The sample consisted of 98 individuals from three different skeletal assemblages from various contexts of Greece and was scanned with a handheld 3D scanner. A total of 28 landmarks were placed on the 3D models of the vertebrae. The shape of each vertebra was compared to a reference sample. The identification rates showed that T2 had the highest identification rates and T6 the lowest. Each vertebra was matched to its anatomical counterpart within the first three possible selections of the reference skeleton, in a percentage greater than 67% and in most cases, more than 81%. On the contrary, T6 had a rate lower than 50%. It is proposed that the presented method be examined in other samples to see its application as a tool for sequencing the typical thoracic vertebrae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 103075"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0