Journal of forensic and legal medicine最新文献

{"title":"Personality assessment inventory (PAI) in forensic and correctional settings: A comprehensive review","authors":"Mauro Paulino ,&nbsp;John F. Edens ,&nbsp;Mariana Moniz ,&nbsp;Octávio Moura ,&nbsp;Daniel Rijo ,&nbsp;Mário R. Simões","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As Forensic Psychology continues to expand as an independent field, professionals regularly resort to psychological assessment tools to assess people involved within the justice system. The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is a 344-item, self-report inventory that aims to provide meaningful information for diagnosis and clinical decision-making, specifically relating to psychopathology, personality, and psychosocial environment. Its applicability in forensic settings has been increasingly recognized on account of its benefits in comparison to other self-report inventories (e.g., MMPI-2, MCMI-III), since it includes scales that are relevant to forensic settings (e.g., violence risk levels, psychopathy, substance abuse), and the existence of profile distortion indicators is useful when dealing with highly defensive and/or malingering populations. The goal of this paper is to conduct a thorough review of the PAI's utility in forensic settings, by focusing on the relevant forensic constructs assessed by the PAI (e.g., personality disorders, psychosis, substance abuse, aggression, recidivism risk, and response distortion), as well as its application to offender and inmate populations, intimate partner violence contexts, family law cases, and forensic professionals. Overall, the PAI continues to gather international recognition and its relevance and usefulness in forensic settings is generally accepted and acknowledged.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1752928X24000234/pdfft?md5=85140c3fef789e24111ef9085234fc39&pid=1-s2.0-S1752928X24000234-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140076223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac amyloid deposition and the forensic autopsy – A review and analysis","authors":"Luzern Tan ,&nbsp;Roger W. Byard","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although amyloid material in the heart is not infrequently encountered at autopsy it may on occasion be difficult to determine the significance in terms of possible contributions to the terminal mechanisms of death. A review was undertaken of the literature and of autopsy cases at Forensic Science SA over a 20-year-period (2003–2022) for all cases where significant amyloid material had been encountered on microscopy of the heart. Sixteen cases were found consisting of 11 cases where cardiac amyloid was involved in the lethal episode, and five where it was considered an incidental feature. Of the 11 lethal cases, there were three where cardiac amyloidosis was the cause of death, and eight where it was a contributing factor, along with ischaemic heart disease (N = 7) and bronchopneumonia (N = 1). The age range was 47–92 years, average 78.6 years, with a male to female ratio of 10:1. The weights of the hearts ranged from 496 to 1059 g - average 648 g. Of the five cases where it was considered an incidental finding, the causes of death were blunt head trauma (N = 2), small intestinal ischaemia (N = 2) and small intestinal obstruction (N = 1). The weights of the hearts ranged from 299 to 487 g, average 369 g. The most relevant types of amyloidosis in forensic cases tend to be light chain amyloidosis, senile cardiac amyloidosis and familial amyloid cardiomyopathy. Other forms of amyloidosis that affect the heart, which include reactive amyloidosis, haemodialysis-related amyloidosis and isolated atrial amyloidosis, either have minimal or no clinical significance, or are of uncertain significance. While it may be difficult to determine the prognostic significance of amyloid material at autopsy clinicopathological correlation may provide useful supportive information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140041827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peliosis of the spleen as an unusual cause of splenic rupture: A case report and a review of literature","authors":"Alžbeta Blichárová ,&nbsp;Zuzana Benetinová ,&nbsp;Tibor Mátyás ,&nbsp;Peter Labaj ,&nbsp;Ľudmila Verbóová ,&nbsp;Vladimír Tancoš ,&nbsp;Adam Nedoroščík","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Isolated splenic peliosis is an extremely rare condition characterized by the presence of multiple blood-filled cavities, occasionally resulting in non-traumatic splenic rupture with fatal bleeding. In our case, a 64-year-old man was brought by ambulance due to weakness and abdominal pain without nausea or febrility. On clinical examination, the patient was sensitive to palpation with significant tenderness over the abdomen but no associated features of peritonitis. He collapsed during the imaging examination and became unconscious and asystolic. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was not successful. The patient died approximately within 2 hours of admission to the hospital. Postmortal examination showed 2800 ml of intraperitoneal blood with clots and a laceration of the lower pole of the spleen. Macroscopic examination of the spleen revealed huge nodular splenomegaly, measuring 21 cm x 19 cm x 5 cm, weighing 755 g. On the cut surfaces, multiple randomly distributed blood-filled cavities ranging from 0,5 to 2 cm in diameter were seen. At microscopic examination, the specimens showed multiple irregular haemorrhagic cyst-like lesions that were not lined by any epithelium or sinusoidal endothelium, consistent with the diagnosis of peliosis lienis. Although the condition is often clinically silent, the forensic pathological significance arises from the differential diagnosis of resultant intraperitoneal haemorrhage and sudden death, mimicking a violent death.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1752928X24000210/pdfft?md5=de339ead407ebd85b03dd9f7171c25a5&pid=1-s2.0-S1752928X24000210-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140016316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child sexual abuse, mental health, and legislation in India and Thailand: A cross-country comparison","authors":"Chonnakarn Jatchavala ,&nbsp;Ramdas Ransing ,&nbsp;Nutt Sukavejworakit ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Ramalho ,&nbsp;Nilesh Devraj","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious public health issue in India and Thailand. To identify potential barriers for addressing CSA in these countries, it is necessary to explore and compare research, laws, and policies in these two countries.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>The Scopus and PubMed databases were searched for published literature on “Child Sexual Abuse” AND “India” OR “Thailand” concerning research focus, prevalence, factors, and policies or interventions on CSA. Main legislations related to CSA were compared using a predefined outline. Additionally, authors compared and analysed current legislation in relation to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Published literature (n = 64) included original articles (n = 26), reviews (n = 36), editorials or letters to the editor (n = 2). No collaboration on CSA between the two countries was found. Several differences in the main legislation (e.g., punishment, services) of India and Thailand were observed, both between countries and in relation to the UNCRC.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings suggest that CSA is mostly under-researched in both countries in terms of services, policy and legislation. There is a need for cross-country, multidisciplinary, and collaborative research on CSA in both India and Thailand.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139749059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the prevalence of genital injuries amongst patients attending Saint Mary's sexual assault referral centre following an allegation of digital penetration","authors":"Rabiya Majeed-Ariss ,&nbsp;Glen P. Martin ,&nbsp;Catherine White","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to (1) add to the limited evidence base regarding genital injury associated with digital vaginal penetration and (2) identify predisposing or protective factors to the identification of a genital injury. Data collection was performed retrospectively on the paper case files of 120 female adult (&gt;18 years) patients alleging digital vaginal penetration with no penile vaginal penetration that had an acute FME at Saint Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre (SARC) Manchester. Descriptive statistics were used to investigate differences in the demographics of those reporting digital penetration, with and without injuries. Overall, 18% had genital injuries noted at the time of the FME. Posterior fourchette was the most common location of genital injury and abrasion was the most common injury type. It is worth further noting that all 22 patients where an injury was noted were of white ethnicity, only 12 patients in the sample were not white so caution is needed in interpretating this finding of a non-significant difference. Future research should consider injury and ethnicity more specifically. The findings from this study add to the existing evidence base and should prove useful to expert witnesses when called upon to interpret examination findings of sexual assault complainants as they relate to an allegation of digital penetration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1752928X24000180/pdfft?md5=97ace3e649d9168e6b09ca8a57c0b061&pid=1-s2.0-S1752928X24000180-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139871868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A primary study of ethanol production in postmortem liver and muscle tissue of rats","authors":"Qing Gao ,&nbsp;Fanggang He ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Weisheng Huang ,&nbsp;Hongmei Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To study the characteristics of postmortem ethanol production and its relation with alcohol congeners in postmortem rat liver and muscle tissues.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Postmortem liver and muscle tissues in Sprague–Dawley rats, from postmortem time interval (PMI) day 0–20, were analyzed via headspace gas chromatograph flame ionization detection to observe production of postmortem ethanol and 5 selected alcohol congeners.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>1. Putrid ethanol production increased gradually to a peak and then decreased with the prolongation of PMI; 2. Acetaldehyde, 1-propanol, and 3-methyl-butyraldehyde were produced along with postmortem ethanol; 1-butanol was only detected from day 11–20; 3. The concentrations of acetaldehyde, 1-propanol and 3-methyl-butyraldehyde was related with ethanol production. Fifteen mathematical models were constructed for putrid ethanol production based on acetaldehyde, 1-propanol, and 3-methyl-butyraldehyde.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A peak in postmortem ethanol production was identified. The production trends of acetaldehyde, 1-propanol, and 3-methyl-butyraldehyde in the liver, and of 1-propanol in muscle, were consistent with those of ethanol, and could potentially to be used as biomarkers of postmortem ethanol production. Further human samples and data analysis are needed to verify this.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139884189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcimedes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102660","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140052201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-fatal strangulation versus general assault in a clinical forensic medicine cohort: Characteristics of patient, perpetrator and presentation","authors":"Vanita Parekh ,&nbsp;Anna Brkic ,&nbsp;Janine McMinn ,&nbsp;David Williams ,&nbsp;Jane Van Diemen","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Interpersonal violence impacts communities, victims, perpetrators, families, and children. This audit of 315 cases of non-sexual assault compares characteristics of general assault to those of non-fatal strangulation (NFS).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Clinical review of all cases referred to Clinical Forensics Australian Capital Territory (CFACT) by ACT Policing between 2018 and 2022, following allegations of non-sexual assault. Descriptions of the model of care, victim characteristics, alleged perpetrators, and presentations in NFS versus general assault, from forensic medical examination.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><em>Patients</em>: Of 315 cases, 170 were victims of NFS, females (153/170, 90%), males 16/170 (9%), and one person with another preferred term. General assault cases comprised 145/315 (46%) presentations, 69/145 (47.6%) patients being female, 76/145 (52.4%) male. A majority of individuals who experienced NFS 113/170 (66%) presented within 12 h of the events, 41% of victims thought they might die during the NFS. <em>Perpetrators</em>: Most NFS perpetrators were male (161/170: 95%), NFS was mostly perpetrated by a partner 104/170 (62%), ex-partner 35/170 (21%), or family member 17/170 (10%). Repeated assaults by the same perpetrator was common 109/170 (64%). Children were present in 48/170 (28%) cases of NFS.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>NFS is gendered violence overwhelmingly affecting women, many experience NFS repeatedly. Later presentation may affect clinical signs, symptoms, and evidence collection. Forensic medicine management of NFS provides an opportunity to effect change, especially in those who thought they may die during the attack. Intervention to prevent trauma in children may be enabled by reporting their presence during an assault. Twenty-four-hour service provision enables both clinical and forensic assessment following NFS.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>NFS is gendered, mostly affecting women, occurs in a family violence context, perpetrated by current and/or ex-partners, and often occurs with children present. Clinical forensic medicine doctors can provide care and support, provide referrals, and collect forensic medical evidence to support legal process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1752928X24000131/pdfft?md5=bdb194aa3cd023899309fca9339d4fc1&pid=1-s2.0-S1752928X24000131-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139744257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The characteristics of suicide attempters in Chinese patients: Comparison of adolescents, youths, middle-aged and elderly","authors":"Meijia Chen ,&nbsp;Xinlu Wang ,&nbsp;Yuxin Wang ,&nbsp;Liya Ren ,&nbsp;Hao Jiang ,&nbsp;Lin Xia ,&nbsp;Liping Zhang ,&nbsp;Chaoqun Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Potential risk factors for suicide differ by age group. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the characteristics of patients with suicide attempts according to age group and any the relevant risk factors.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of attempted suicide patients who were admitted to the emergency departments (ED) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021. Demographic information and clinical characteristics were collected. The participants were divided into four age groups and the characteristics of each group were compared.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 834 participants were included in this study. Suicide attempts were more prevalent in females, and the gender difference decreased with age. Having religious belief and less educated suicide attempts were concentrated in the elderly groups. Adolescents suicide attempts were more likely to occur in the spring, autumn and during non-office hours. Mental disorders were the major motivation for suicide among adolescents, and interpersonal and social problems were more prevalent among youths. Psychiatric medication was the leading suicidal substances among adolescents, while pesticides and herbicides were more prevalent in adults. The history of psychiatric diagnosis was more common in adolescents, while the history of somatic disorder was more prevalent in the elderly.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study confirmed differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients in different age groups. Therefore, it is necessary to construct individualized intervention strategies for each age group based on the characteristics of the patients in order to reduce suicide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139907933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of post-mortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA) on biomarkers of coronary artery disease","authors":"Choy Ker Woon ,&nbsp;Effat Omar ,&nbsp;Sheue Feng Siew ,&nbsp;Hapizah M. Nawawi ,&nbsp;Noor Alicezah M. Kasim ,&nbsp;Mansharan Kaur Chainchel Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Coronary atherosclerosis is due to build-up of plaque within the </span>coronary arteries. Post-mortem computed </span>tomography<span> (PMCT) allows non or minimally invasive visualization of abnormalities prior to an autopsy, however PMCT-angiography (PMCTA) greatly enhances relevant findings, especially in viewing the cardiovascular system which is important in the diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis. Contrast media used in PMCTA however has been reported to cause distortion of tissue which may interfere with post-mortem investigation outcomes. A cross sectional study to investigate the effect of PMCTA on tissue biomarkers in coronary arteries was performed involving cases brought in dead to the Institute and Accident and Emergency Unit. Sixty-three autopsy cases were included in this study, whereby 18 cases underwent PMCT while 45 cases underwent PMCTA. The subjects subsequently had a conventional autopsy where coronary artery sections were collected for standard histological examination and </span></span>immunohistochemistry<span> examination for endothelial inflammatory (CD36), prothrombogenic (TPA) and plaque stability (MMP-9) markers. The subjects consisted of 55 males and 8 females with a mean age ±SD of 49 ± 18.11 years. There were no significant differences in the coronary artery endothelial expression of CD36, MMP-9 and TPA between PMCT and PMCTA subjects. PMCTA does not alter CD36, TPA and MMP-9 markers supporting the safe use of PMCTA in post-mortem examinations.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139657986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}