Journal of forensic and legal medicine最新文献

{"title":"Forensic psychiatric and criminal dimensions of juvenile homicide/attempted homicide cases in Turkey","authors":"Ilker Tasdemir (Taşdemir) ,&nbsp;Muhammed Emin Boylu ,&nbsp;Mehmet Dogan (Doğan) ,&nbsp;Tuba Ozcanli (Özcanlı) ,&nbsp;Gul Karacetin (Gül Karaçetin)","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to analyze a sample (n = 65) of juvenile homicide/attempted homicide cases in terms of psychiatric, demographic, criminal characteristics, IQ scores, and Rorschach test (where available) characteristics and decisions on criminal responsibility.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Data were collected through a retrospective chart review of cases between the ages of 12 and 18 at the time of the offense, who were referred to the Observation Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine (Adli Tip Kurumu Baskanligi, Gözlem İhtisas Dairesi) for determination of criminal responsibility between 2014 and 2019 and who were assessed under inpatient status by law.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 65 juvenile homicide/attempted homicide offenders (7 female, 58 male). Reduced or no criminal liability was found in seven cases (10.7 %). Recent and past trauma was found in 21.5 % and 16.9 % of our cases respectively. The percentage of alcohol or illicit drug use disorder was 35.4 %. Non-suicidal self-injury was found in 38.5 % of our cases, and 6.4 % of these had a concurrent suicide attempt. Most of our cases (55.4 %) were neither in employment nor in education at the time of the offense.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The juvenile homicide/attempted homicide offenders were a heterogeneous group. Rates of serious mental illness were low. School and working functionality were low. Antisocial personality traits, alcohol/substance use disorders, past and recent trauma, emotional regulation problems, and poor school and work functioning appear to be important in the development of this serious offending.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139589082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological causes of sudden death in autopsied children with reference to peculiar findings: An Egyptian perspective","authors":"Nora Fawzy Fnon ,&nbsp;Nour El-Hoda Sayed Ismael ,&nbsp;Hanan Hosney Hassan ,&nbsp;Samar Abd-Elmonem El-Sheikh ,&nbsp;Zahraa Khalifa Sobh","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Childhood is a long period extending up to the age of 18 years. Childhood encompasses different developmental stages; each stage has specific characteristics. This 5-year study included 244 autopsied children who died unexpectedly due to natural causes. This study was conducted in the forensic pathology unit of the Egyptian Forensic Medicine Authority (EFMA). Pathological causes of death were diagnosed in 181 cases, representing nearly three-quarters (74.2 %) of cases. Males represented 60.8 % of these cases. More than half (51.4 %) of deaths due to natural disease occurred within the first month of life. The diagnosis was established for the first-time during autopsy in 58 % of cases. Prematurity complications and infections were the cause of death in 35.9 % and 30.4 % of deaths attributed to natural pathologies, respectively. Prematurity complications are the most common cause of death in perinatal (63.6) and neonatal (71.4 %) periods. Whereas infection is the most common cause of death during infancy (55 %), childhood (52.8 %), and adolescence (43.8 %). Pneumonia was the most common infection (61.8 %). This study highlighted cases with peculiar pathologies that include cardiomyopathies (idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVD)), Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (WFS), ruptured cerebral cavernous hemangioma, and cerebellar medulloblastoma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139714469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organ procurement in forensic deaths: A retrospective analysis of the Italian context with a focus on the Puglia Region virtuous experience","authors":"Sara Sablone ,&nbsp;Chiara Musajo Somma ,&nbsp;Federico Ruta ,&nbsp;Mara Bellino ,&nbsp;Tommaso Ciciriello ,&nbsp;Michele Saracino ,&nbsp;Riccardo Attimonelli Petraglione ,&nbsp;Giampiero Michelangeli ,&nbsp;Andrea Gianelli Castiglione ,&nbsp;Massimo Cardillo ,&nbsp;Francesco Introna ,&nbsp;Loreto Gesualdo","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organ transplantation is one the most important contributions of modern medicine to society since it provides a unique therapy for terminal organ failure. However, the development of this therapeutic approach is hindered by the limited organ supply. In Italy, organ procurement requires a multidisciplinary medical-surgical approach in which legal medical doctors (LMDs) are generally tasked with ascertaining the reality of death. Sometimes, a medico-legal report is required when the deceased's family deny their consent to the organs and tissues removal from a potential deceased donor. LMDs can also be appointed by law to carry out post-mortem examinations of potential deceased donors. In these cases, the public prosecutors' interest in preserving the corpse integrity for forensic purposes seems to conflict with the ethical-humanitarian interest in promoting, at most, the opportunity to donate; however, a LMD can act as a mediator and allow both goals. This paper aims to illustrate the Apulia Region experience in reconciling the justice interests with those of a culture promoting deceased organ and tissue donation. It has been pursued by analyzing the virtuous regional organ procurement trend in forensic deaths before and after a crucial 2015 initiative, comparing the results with the national ones, and contextualizing them in the relevant literature to show systemic strengths and weaknesses and inform future Italian policy development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139918901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of cadaveric age in crime scenes using Raman spectroscopy","authors":"Ryota Matsunari ,&nbsp;Hiroki Kondou ,&nbsp;Noboru Ishikawa ,&nbsp;Daisuke Miyamori ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Ikegaya","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The number of unidentified corpses has been increasing in recent years. There is a need for an objective and readily applicable method to estimate age, which is important information for identification. In previous reports, we reported that the protein folding ratio (R</span>_PF<span>) of skin, as measured by Raman spectroscopy using cross sections of skin samples, is highly correlated with age. In this study, we investigated the possibility of estimating age by measuring Raman spectra from the skin surface of cadavers using a portable device.</span></p><p>The resultant intercept, slope, and root mean square error were 97.9, – 63.7 (p &lt; 0.0001), and 11.68, respectively. We evaluated this regression formula by using 10-fold cross-validation, resulting in a coefficient of determination of 0.51. The portable Raman spectrometer may be of assistance in estimating age at death of corpses at the scene of discovery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139409463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Male patient attendances at Sexual Assault Treatment Units in Ireland: An analysis of 381 cases and a comparison with female patients","authors":"Daniel Kane ,&nbsp;Kieran M. Kennedy ,&nbsp;Karen Flood ,&nbsp;Maeve Eogan","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sexual violence is a crime that affects people of all genders. While focus is frequently on female survivors, it is crucial to acknowledge that males also experience sexual violence and to ensure that gender-sensitive services are available to all survivors. Understanding the prevalence of, and factors associated with, sexual violence against males is a critical first step in addressing this issue. We aim to address the lack of data in relation to sexual violence against males.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional study of all male attendances at 6 Sexual Assault Treatment Units (SATU) in the Republic of Ireland over a 6-year period and, where applicable, comparison with corresponding female attendances.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 381 male attendances with an average age of 28.5 years over the study period, representing 7 % of all SATU patients. There was a 24 % increase in male attendances during the study period. 39.1 % presented within 24 h of the assault. 61.9 % reported the crime to the police. Employment status included 37.3 % employed, 24.9 % unemployed, and 26.2 % students, with 86.7 % being Irish nationals. Most incidents occurred on weekdays (53.3 %) and at night (56.7 %). Referrals were primarily from police (55.9 %), and psychological support was provided in 62.3 % of cases. Alcohol (60.4 %) and illicit drugs (20.5 %) were reported before assaults. 18.6 % suspected drug-facilitated assaults. Male assailants constituted 90.1 %, with 13.9 % involving multiple assailants. Male attenders were significantly more likely than females to be assaulted in their assailant's home and to be assaulted by more than one assailant. They were significantly less likely than females to report the crime to the police or to have consumed alcohol.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>To our knowledge, this is one of the largest case series of male patients attending a sexual assault treatment service to be published in the international literature. Male patients are a distinct group that are increasingly accessing SATU services. Significant differences exist between male and female patients’ reported experiences of sexual violence. Knowledge of these factors will support appropriate tailoring of treatment &amp; service provision, prevention and awareness strategies to help modify the impact and reduce the incidence of sexual violence in this cohort.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1752928X24000052/pdfft?md5=f44cf462978d493a5b88f97f5c4f8752&pid=1-s2.0-S1752928X24000052-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139409508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bitemarks and 3D scanner: An objective comparison for bitemarks. A pilot study","authors":"Bianca Beltrame ,&nbsp;Giacomo Fassina ,&nbsp;Anna Aprile ,&nbsp;Andrea Verzeletti","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The marks left by the bite of a subject (bitemark) represent an unequivocal character, being useful in identifying the possible perpetrator of a crime. To date, the analysis of bitemarks is mainly based on the direct vision of photographic finds and on the visual comparison with the teeth of the hypothetically responsible person. However, the bitemark also retains three-dimensional characteristics detectable with a 3D scanner. In this pilot study, an innovative method of bitemark analysis, utilizing a three-dimensional scanner and some software, will be introduced, enabling a quantitative comparison of bitemarks and their corresponding human dentitions. For this purpose, 10 complete plaster models (human dentitions) of 10 adult subjects were used to make 20 experimental bitemarks on dentistry wax. All materials were individually scanned with the iTero® 3D scanner and reworked with MeshMixer software. A visual analysis of the characteristics and a computerized analysis with the CloudCompare software were also performed. Study showed a different trend of the distribution curves of the points which were obtained comparing the human dentition and coincident and non-coincident bitemarks. Current results support that the intraoral 3D scanner allows the fast record and the preservation of the three-dimensional characteristics of the bitemarks, and it allows computerized analyses to be carried out.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1752928X24000015/pdfft?md5=aa56d764ba59708e0b8c618c02d0ce23&pid=1-s2.0-S1752928X24000015-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139374021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The completeness of routine registration of the counterpart in deliberate interpersonal violence in an urban emergency department","authors":"Christian Faergemann ,&nbsp;Jens Martin Lauritsen","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most studies of violence from the health care system lack reliable information about the counterpart, which is important for distinguishing between different types of violence. Since 2014, the emergency department at Odense University Hospital in Denmark has routinely registered information about the counterpart. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the completeness of registering information about the counterpart during routine registration of victims of interpersonal violence in the emergency department. We included 11,200 victims treated at the emergency department 2014–2021. Using the patient registration data, we estimated the proportion of missing information on the counterpart, stratified by age group and gender of the victim as well as type of incident and severity of injury. Information about the counterpart was registered in 91.5 % of all cases. In 43.1 % (CI: 42.2–44.0) of the cases, the counterpart was unknown to the victim, in 24.3 % (CI: 23.5–25.1) the counterpart was an acquaintance, in 10.5 % (CI: 10.0–11.1) the counterpart was a partner, and in 4.2 % (CI: 3.8–4.5) the counterpart was another family member. The proportion of cases with no information about the counterpart varied with gender, age group, time of violence, place of violence, weapon use, and severity of injury. Half of the victims injured with firearms (46.2 %, CI: 30.1–62.8) and one-fourth of the victims injured with knives (25.9 %, CI: 21.9–30.2) did not reveal information about the counterpart. The majority of the victims revealed information about the counterpart, making it possible to analyse different types of violence separately.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1752928X24000027/pdfft?md5=a8f00c8645a9fb0ee7a90b8e3118f0fd&pid=1-s2.0-S1752928X24000027-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139094545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcimedes","authors":"John Gall","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102621","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A lucid interval in a victim of abusive head trauma with multiple parenchymal lacerations","authors":"Cree Kachelski ,&nbsp;Kelsey Gavin ,&nbsp;Hayden Head ,&nbsp;Danielle Horton ,&nbsp;James Anderst","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Abusive head trauma<span><span> (AHT) is a leading cause of abusive deaths in children under age<span> one. AHT can include intracranial hemorrhages<span>, hypoxic ischemic injury, or parenchymal lacerations. Most infants with parenchymal lacerations present with acute </span></span></span>neurological symptoms. There has been some published literature on </span></span>lucid intervals<span><span> in cases of AHT; however, there has not been a described lucid interval with parenchymal lacerations. Parenchymal lacerations typically present with acute symptomatology such as </span>seizures, alteration in mental status, or increased fussiness/lethargy given the damage to neurons and brain structure. We present a case of a healthy 2-month-old who ultimately was diagnosed with AHT and three parenchymal lacerations and had a 2.5 hour period of normal neurological status prior to acute decompensation.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139053321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interest of using vitreous humor for γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) quantification in related fatalities: Stability evaluation, case report and literature review","authors":"Antoine Baudriller ,&nbsp;Chadi Abbara ,&nbsp;Marie Briet ,&nbsp;Séverine Ferec ,&nbsp;Léa-Héléna Rossi ,&nbsp;Nathalie Jousset ,&nbsp;Stéphane Malbranque ,&nbsp;Guillaume Drevin","doi":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Analysis and interpretation of the findings for γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in related fatalities remains problematic. Indeed, GHB is a naturally occurring compound present in both the mammalian central nervous system and peripheral tissue. Moreover, a postmortem increase in endogenous GHB concentration has been observed, especially in blood. Facing this issue, the use of an alternative matrix such as vitreous humor (VH) can thus be particularly interesting for GHB testing and quantification. VH is considered to be less prone to postmortem redistribution, is easy to collect, and has relatively few interfering compounds for the analytical process. In this context, the authors report the case of a GHB-related fatality involving 22-year-old male. In this case, GHB femoral blood (FB) (790 mg/L) and vitreous (750 mg/L) concentrations appeared similar with a FB to VH (FB/VH) ratio of 1.05. In addition, other similar cases with both GHB blood and vitreous concentrations were reviewed. Five cases were identified. The blood to VH ratios ranging from 0.13 to 2.58. Finally, GHB stability was documented in postmortem blood and VH, in order to address the reliability of VH as an alternative matrix for GHB quantitation at postmortem. GHB appeared relatively stable in postmortem blood specimens (at 50 mg/L) over a period of 28 days when stored at +4 °C or −20 °C. The same results were observed in VH specimens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic and legal medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1752928X24000039/pdfft?md5=dee01d5c939259ec1a5ace7a3d11b601&pid=1-s2.0-S1752928X24000039-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139103955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}