Matthew Au, Ricardo Almeida-Magana, Tarek Al-Hammouri, Aiman Haider, Greg Shaw
{"title":"Accuracy of Ex-vivo Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy in Margin Assessment of Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Matthew Au, Ricardo Almeida-Magana, Tarek Al-Hammouri, Aiman Haider, Greg Shaw","doi":"10.1369/00221554231212948","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231212948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) is a novel technology that enables rapid high-resolution digital imaging of non-formalin-fixed tissue specimens and offers real-time positive surgical margin identification. In this systematic review, we evaluated the accuracy metrics of ex vivo FCM for intraoperative margin assessment of different tumor types. A systematic search of MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus was performed for relevant papers (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022372558). We included 14 studies evaluating four types of microscopes in six different tumor types, including breast, prostate, central nervous system, kidney, bladder, and conjunctival tumors. Using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool, we identified a high risk of bias in patient selection (21%) and index test (36%) of the included studies. Overall, we found that FCM has good accuracy metrics in all tumor types, with high sensitivity and specificity (>80%) and almost perfect concordance (>90%) against final pathology results. Despite these promising findings, the quality of the available evidence and bias concerns highlight the need for adequately designed studies to further define the role of ex vivo FCM in replacing the frozen section as the tool of choice for intraoperative margin assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134649084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emilia Balzano, Giovanna De Cunto, Chiara Goracci, Barbara Bartalesi, Eleonora Cavarra, Giuseppe Lungarella, Monica Lucattelli
{"title":"Immunohistochemical Study of Airways Fibrous Remodeling in Smoking Mice.","authors":"Emilia Balzano, Giovanna De Cunto, Chiara Goracci, Barbara Bartalesi, Eleonora Cavarra, Giuseppe Lungarella, Monica Lucattelli","doi":"10.1369/00221554231204926","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231204926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fibrotic remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is held responsible for narrowing of small airways and thus for disease progression. Oxidant damage and cell senescence factors are recently involved in airways fibrotic remodeling. Unfortunately, we have no indications on their sequential expression at anatomical sites in which fibrotic remodeling develops in smoking subjects. Using immunohistochemical techniques, we investigated in two strains of mice after cigarette smoke (CS) exposure what happens at various times in airway areas where fibrotic remodeling occurs, and if there also exists correspondence among DNA damage induced by oxidants, cellular senescence, the presence of senescence-secreted factors involved in processes that affect transcription, metabolism as well as apoptosis, and the onset of fibrous remodeling that appears at later times in mice exposed to CS. A clear positivity for fibrogenic cytokines TGF-β, PDGF-B, and CTGF, and for proliferation marker PCNA around airways that will be remodeled is observed in both strains. Increased expression of p16<sup>ink4A</sup> senescence marker and MyoD is also seen in the same areas. p16<sup>ink4A</sup> and MyoD can promote cell cycle arrest, terminal differentiation of myofibroblasts, and can oppose their dedifferentiation. Of interest, an early progressive attenuation of SIRT-1 is observed after CS exposure. This intracellular regulatory protein can reduce premature cell senescence. These findings suggest that novel agents, which promote myofibroblast dedifferentiation and/or the apoptosis of senescent cells, may dampen progression of airway changes in smoking COPD subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10617442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41203279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeong Hee Kim, Chi Zhang, C John Sperati, Ishan Barman, Serena M Bagnasco
{"title":"Hyperspectral Raman Imaging for Automated Recognition of Human Renal Amyloid.","authors":"Jeong Hee Kim, Chi Zhang, C John Sperati, Ishan Barman, Serena M Bagnasco","doi":"10.1369/00221554231206858","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231206858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the clinical setting, routine identification of the main types of tissue amyloid deposits, light-chain amyloid (AL) and serum amyloid A (AA), is based on histochemical staining; rarer types of amyloid require mass spectrometry analysis. Raman spectroscopic imaging is an analytical tool, which can be used to chemically map, and thus characterize, the molecular composition of fluid and solid tissue. In this proof-of-concept study, we tested the feasibility of applying Raman spectroscopy combined with artificial intelligence to detect and characterize amyloid deposits in unstained frozen tissue sections from kidney biopsies with pathologic diagnosis of AL and AA amyloidosis and control biopsies with no amyloidosis (NA). Raman hyperspectral images, mapped in a 2D grid-like fashion over the tissue sections, were obtained. Three machine learning-assisted analysis models of the hyperspectral images could accurately distinguish AL (types λ and κ), AA, and NA 93-100% of the time. Although very preliminary, these findings illustrate the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a technique to identify, and possibly, subtype renal amyloidosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10617441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41203278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Víctor Salazar, Pura Bolaños, Jesús R Del Castillo
{"title":"Enteric Nervous System: Identification of a Novel Neuronal Sensory Network in the Duodenal Epithelium.","authors":"Víctor Salazar, Pura Bolaños, Jesús R Del Castillo","doi":"10.1369/00221554231203038","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231203038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The communication between the intestinal epithelium and the enteric nervous system has been considered indirect. Mechanical or chemical stimuli activate enteroendocrine cells inducing hormone secretion, which act on sub-epithelial nerve ends, activating the enteric nervous system. However, we identified an epithelial cell that expresses NKAIN4, a neuronal protein associated with the β-subunit of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase. This cell overexpresses Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase and ouabain-insensitive Na<sup>+</sup>-ATPase, enzymes involved in active sodium transport. NKAIN4-positive cells also express neuronal markers as NeuN, acetylcholine-esterase, acetylcholine-transferase, α3- and α7-subunits of ACh receptors, glutamic-decarboxylase, and serotonin-receptor-7, suggesting they are neurons. NKAIN4-positive cells show a polarized shape with an oval body, an apical process finished in a knob-like terminal in contact with the lumen, a basal cilia body at the base of the apical extension, and basal axon-like soma projections connecting sub-epithelial nerve terminals, lymphoid nodules, glial cells, and enterochromaffin cells, forming a network that reaches the epithelial surface. We also showed, using retrograde labeling and immunofluorescence, that these cells receive afferent signals from the enteric nervous system. Finally, we demonstrated that acetylcholine activates NKAIN4-positive cells inducing Ca<sup>2+</sup> mobilization and probably serotonin secretion in enterochromaffin cells. NKAIN4-positive cells are neurons that would form a part of a duodenal sensory network for physiological or noxious luminal stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10617440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41163381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Expression of Ectodysplasin-A Signaling Pathway Members During Mandibular Condylar Development in Postnatal Mice.","authors":"Ludan Xing, Yuan Liu, Jiayan Wu, Chenyu Song, Beizhan Jiang","doi":"10.1369/00221554231201691","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231201691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A growing body of evidence emerging supported that ectodysplasin-A (EDA) signaling pathway contributed to craniofacial development. However, their expression in condyle has not been elucidated yet. This study investigated the expression patterns of EDA, EDA receptor (EDAR), and EDAR-associated death domain (EDARADD) in condyle of postnatal mice. Histological staining and micro-computed tomography (CT) scanning showed that as endochondral ossification proceeded, the thickness of chondrocyte layer decreased, and the volume of mandibular condyle increased. Osteoclasts remained active throughout the condylar development. Immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated that EDA was expressed in almost all layers during the first 2 weeks after birth. EDA shifted from the mature and hypertrophic layers to fibrous and proliferating layers at postnatal 3 weeks. As condyle matured, the distribution of EDA tended to be limited to hypertrophic layer. The distribution patterns of EDAR and EDARADD were consistent with EDA, while the level of EDAR expression was slightly lower. mRNA expression levels of EDA signaling pathway-related components increased after birth. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of EDA using ATDC5 <i>in vitro</i>. EDA increased during the late stage of chondrogenesis. These findings proved that EDA signaling pathway was involved in condylar development and acted as a regulatory factor in condylar maturation and differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10617443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41130519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafael C Coelho, Rubia D Ruppenthal, Marcia S Graudenz
{"title":"Trop-2 Is Highly Expressed in Early Luminal-Like Breast Cancer.","authors":"Rafael C Coelho, Rubia D Ruppenthal, Marcia S Graudenz","doi":"10.1369/00221554231195659","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231195659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trop-2, a transmembrane glycoprotein, has been identified in human epithelial cells as a contributor to tumor growth and unfavorable prognosis in breast cancer (BC). Our study aimed to assess the expression of Trop-2 protein via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlate it with clinicopathological features in early luminal-like BC. We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating Trop-2 protein expression in tissue microarrays using IHC. The expression was evaluated by the H-score and the following categorization was used: H-Score 0 to <100 as low, H-Score 100 to 200 as intermediate, and H-Score >200 to 300 as high. The study included 84 patients with a median age of 57, of whom 70% had invasive ductal carcinomas, 75% were classified as T2, and 47.6% had no affected lymph nodes. Trop-2 expression was high in 56% of patients and intermediate in 38%. None of the patients had an H-Score of zero. No correlation was observed between Trop-2 expression and clinicopathological features, including age, histological subtype, grade, Ki67, tumor size, nodal status, lymphovascular invasion, tumor subtype, and pathological staging. We demonstrated that Trop-2 is highly expressed in early luminal-like BC and is not influenced by clinicopathological features.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10524500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akifumi Muramoto, So Inamura, Hitomi Hoshino, Naoki Terada, Motohiro Kobayashi
{"title":"Paradoxical Expression of R-10G-reactive Antigen in Human Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma.","authors":"Akifumi Muramoto, So Inamura, Hitomi Hoshino, Naoki Terada, Motohiro Kobayashi","doi":"10.1369/00221554231199134","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231199134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thus far, several monoclonal antibodies directed against cell-surface carbohydrate antigens have been generated. Among them, R-10G reportedly reacts selectively with human embryonic stem and induced pluripotent stem cells, but not with embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. However, EC cells derived from patients' EC tumors may exhibit varying levels of R-10G-reactive antigen expression. Thus, we asked whether human EC tissues or germ cell tumor (GCT) tissues other than EC express R-10G-reactive antigen. To do so, we quantitatively analyzed R-10G-reactive antigen expression in 83 testicular GCT surgical specimens containing a total of 125 various GCT components. Accordingly, in all EC components examined, the EC cell plasma membrane was immunolabeled with R-10G, while most seminoma components were R-10G-negative. In non-seminomatous GCT (NSGCT) other than EC (non-EC NSGCT), R-10G-reactive antigen expression was variable, but signal distribution was focal, and the average intensity was weaker than that seen in EC. The percentages of R-10G-positive cells in these three groups varied with high statistical significance (<i>p</i><0.001 for all combinations). These findings indicate that the R-10G-reactive antigen is preferentially expressed in human testicular EC tissues and, thus, could be used as a diagnostic marker for this malignancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10161780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AI Is Just Another Tool.","authors":"Stephen M Hewitt","doi":"10.1369/00221554231204683","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231204683","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41141438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kimiko Yamamiya, Xuan Li, Hiroaki Nabeka, Sakirul Khan, Farzana Khan, Hiroyuki Wakisaka, Shoichiro Saito, Fumihiko Hamada, Seiji Matsuda
{"title":"Tracking of Prosaposin, a Saposin Precursor, in Rat Testis.","authors":"Kimiko Yamamiya, Xuan Li, Hiroaki Nabeka, Sakirul Khan, Farzana Khan, Hiroyuki Wakisaka, Shoichiro Saito, Fumihiko Hamada, Seiji Matsuda","doi":"10.1369/00221554231198570","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231198570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We tracked prosaposin (PSAP), a trophic factor, using an antibody specific to its proteolytic portion and an antibody to sortilin that traffics PSAP only to the lysosome. Immunostaining revealed that PSAP was distributed mainly on the basal side of seminiferous tubules, where many Sertoli cells and pachytene spermatocytes contained PSAP and its distribution differed depending on the stage of the spermatogenic cycle. The PSAP-sortilin complex was sorted to large lysosomes in the basal cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, where it may be processed into saposins. In contrast, in the thinner apical cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, PSAP in small lysosomes was transported to the apical side around sperm heads or into the lumen for secretion. The results of in situ hybridization analyses suggested that immature tubular cells in young animals produce PSAP to self-stimulate proliferation. However, in adults, not only Sertoli cells but also pachytene spermatocytes produce and secrete PSAP around germ cells or into the tubular lumen to stimulate cell proliferation or differentiation in a paracrine or autocrine manner. In summary, PSAP is not only a precursor of lysosomal enzymes but also a pivotal trophic factor in organogenesis in the immature testis and spermatogenesis in the mature testis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41130520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to JHC 71:7 July 2023 Front Cover's Tagline.","authors":"","doi":"10.1369/00221554231195838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1369/00221554231195838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501359/pdf/10.1369_00221554231195838.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10606762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}