{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Expression of Ectodysplasin-A Signaling Pathway Members During Mandibular Condylar Development in Postnatal Mice.","authors":"Ludan Xing, Yuan Liu, Jiayan Wu, Chenyu Song, Beizhan Jiang","doi":"10.1369/00221554231201691","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231201691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A growing body of evidence emerging supported that ectodysplasin-A (EDA) signaling pathway contributed to craniofacial development. However, their expression in condyle has not been elucidated yet. This study investigated the expression patterns of EDA, EDA receptor (EDAR), and EDAR-associated death domain (EDARADD) in condyle of postnatal mice. Histological staining and micro-computed tomography (CT) scanning showed that as endochondral ossification proceeded, the thickness of chondrocyte layer decreased, and the volume of mandibular condyle increased. Osteoclasts remained active throughout the condylar development. Immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated that EDA was expressed in almost all layers during the first 2 weeks after birth. EDA shifted from the mature and hypertrophic layers to fibrous and proliferating layers at postnatal 3 weeks. As condyle matured, the distribution of EDA tended to be limited to hypertrophic layer. The distribution patterns of EDAR and EDARADD were consistent with EDA, while the level of EDAR expression was slightly lower. mRNA expression levels of EDA signaling pathway-related components increased after birth. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of EDA using ATDC5 <i>in vitro</i>. EDA increased during the late stage of chondrogenesis. These findings proved that EDA signaling pathway was involved in condylar development and acted as a regulatory factor in condylar maturation and differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"631-642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10617443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41130519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafael C Coelho, Rubia D Ruppenthal, Marcia S Graudenz
{"title":"Trop-2 Is Highly Expressed in Early Luminal-Like Breast Cancer.","authors":"Rafael C Coelho, Rubia D Ruppenthal, Marcia S Graudenz","doi":"10.1369/00221554231195659","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231195659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trop-2, a transmembrane glycoprotein, has been identified in human epithelial cells as a contributor to tumor growth and unfavorable prognosis in breast cancer (BC). Our study aimed to assess the expression of Trop-2 protein via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlate it with clinicopathological features in early luminal-like BC. We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating Trop-2 protein expression in tissue microarrays using IHC. The expression was evaluated by the H-score and the following categorization was used: H-Score 0 to <100 as low, H-Score 100 to 200 as intermediate, and H-Score >200 to 300 as high. The study included 84 patients with a median age of 57, of whom 70% had invasive ductal carcinomas, 75% were classified as T2, and 47.6% had no affected lymph nodes. Trop-2 expression was high in 56% of patients and intermediate in 38%. None of the patients had an H-Score of zero. No correlation was observed between Trop-2 expression and clinicopathological features, including age, histological subtype, grade, Ki67, tumor size, nodal status, lymphovascular invasion, tumor subtype, and pathological staging. We demonstrated that Trop-2 is highly expressed in early luminal-like BC and is not influenced by clinicopathological features.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"529-535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10524500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akifumi Muramoto, So Inamura, Hitomi Hoshino, Naoki Terada, Motohiro Kobayashi
{"title":"Paradoxical Expression of R-10G-reactive Antigen in Human Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma.","authors":"Akifumi Muramoto, So Inamura, Hitomi Hoshino, Naoki Terada, Motohiro Kobayashi","doi":"10.1369/00221554231199134","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231199134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thus far, several monoclonal antibodies directed against cell-surface carbohydrate antigens have been generated. Among them, R-10G reportedly reacts selectively with human embryonic stem and induced pluripotent stem cells, but not with embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. However, EC cells derived from patients' EC tumors may exhibit varying levels of R-10G-reactive antigen expression. Thus, we asked whether human EC tissues or germ cell tumor (GCT) tissues other than EC express R-10G-reactive antigen. To do so, we quantitatively analyzed R-10G-reactive antigen expression in 83 testicular GCT surgical specimens containing a total of 125 various GCT components. Accordingly, in all EC components examined, the EC cell plasma membrane was immunolabeled with R-10G, while most seminoma components were R-10G-negative. In non-seminomatous GCT (NSGCT) other than EC (non-EC NSGCT), R-10G-reactive antigen expression was variable, but signal distribution was focal, and the average intensity was weaker than that seen in EC. The percentages of R-10G-positive cells in these three groups varied with high statistical significance (<i>p</i><0.001 for all combinations). These findings indicate that the R-10G-reactive antigen is preferentially expressed in human testicular EC tissues and, thus, could be used as a diagnostic marker for this malignancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"555-563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10161780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AI Is Just Another Tool.","authors":"Stephen M Hewitt","doi":"10.1369/00221554231204683","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231204683","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":"71 10","pages":"527-528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41141438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kimiko Yamamiya, Xuan Li, Hiroaki Nabeka, Sakirul Khan, Farzana Khan, Hiroyuki Wakisaka, Shoichiro Saito, Fumihiko Hamada, Seiji Matsuda
{"title":"Tracking of Prosaposin, a Saposin Precursor, in Rat Testis.","authors":"Kimiko Yamamiya, Xuan Li, Hiroaki Nabeka, Sakirul Khan, Farzana Khan, Hiroyuki Wakisaka, Shoichiro Saito, Fumihiko Hamada, Seiji Matsuda","doi":"10.1369/00221554231198570","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231198570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We tracked prosaposin (PSAP), a trophic factor, using an antibody specific to its proteolytic portion and an antibody to sortilin that traffics PSAP only to the lysosome. Immunostaining revealed that PSAP was distributed mainly on the basal side of seminiferous tubules, where many Sertoli cells and pachytene spermatocytes contained PSAP and its distribution differed depending on the stage of the spermatogenic cycle. The PSAP-sortilin complex was sorted to large lysosomes in the basal cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, where it may be processed into saposins. In contrast, in the thinner apical cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, PSAP in small lysosomes was transported to the apical side around sperm heads or into the lumen for secretion. The results of in situ hybridization analyses suggested that immature tubular cells in young animals produce PSAP to self-stimulate proliferation. However, in adults, not only Sertoli cells but also pachytene spermatocytes produce and secrete PSAP around germ cells or into the tubular lumen to stimulate cell proliferation or differentiation in a paracrine or autocrine manner. In summary, PSAP is not only a precursor of lysosomal enzymes but also a pivotal trophic factor in organogenesis in the immature testis and spermatogenesis in the mature testis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":"71 10","pages":"537-554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10546980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41130520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to JHC 71:7 July 2023 Front Cover's Tagline.","authors":"","doi":"10.1369/00221554231195838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1369/00221554231195838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":"71 9","pages":"511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501359/pdf/10.1369_00221554231195838.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10606762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenzhou Chen, Dennis Chuang, Shanyan Chen, Qiwei He, Brittany N Tomlison, Jiankun Cui, Zezong Gu
{"title":"Gelatin Zymography Can Be Performed on Fixed Brain Tissue.","authors":"Zhenzhou Chen, Dennis Chuang, Shanyan Chen, Qiwei He, Brittany N Tomlison, Jiankun Cui, Zezong Gu","doi":"10.1369/00221554231194118","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231194118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gelatin zymography is widely used to detect gelatinase activity, which is performed on unfixed tissue because it is assumed that fixation inactivates enzymes. However, using fixed tissues has several advantages over using fresh tissues for such prevention of tissue decay, thereby preserving the proteins as well as the morphology and structure of the specimens. In this study, we investigated the effects of the four commonly used fixatives (ethanol, acetone, zinc-based fixative (ZBF), and paraformaldehyde (PFA)) on the gelatinolytic activity in mouse brain tissue. Multiple protocols were employed to extract proteins from the fixed brain tissue. Western blotting and <i>in-gel</i> zymography (IGZ) were used to detect the gelatinase proteins and gelatinolytic activity of the extractions, respectively. In situ zymography (ISZ) revealed that ethanol, acetone, ZBF, and short-time PFA fixation did not inhibit gelatinolytic activity. Neither 1% Triton + 1 M NaCl nor 10% DMSO + 1 M NaCl was effective in extracting proteins from ethanol-, acetone-, ZBF-, or PFA-fixed brain tissues. However, 8 M urea + 4% CHAPS effectively extracted gelatinase proteins from ethanol- and acetone-fixed tissues while retaining the gelatinolytic activity. 2% SDS effectively extracted gelatinase proteins from ethanol-, acetone-, and ZBF-fixed tissues while retaining the gelatinolytic activity. Although 2% SDS + heating extracted gelatinase proteins from ethanol-, acetone-, ZBF-, and even long-term PFA-fixed tissues, the gelatinolytic activity was not retained. Our findings suggest that both ISZ and IGZ can be performed on fixed brain tissue, which is anticipated to be an improvement over the conventionally used gelatin zymography methods. (J Histochem Cytochem 71: 481-493, 2023).</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":"71 9","pages":"481-493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10607267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflections on the Applications of Immunohistochemistry to Understanding the Maintenance of Electrochemical Gradients in the Inner Ear.","authors":"Bradley A Schulte","doi":"10.1369/00221554231190438","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231190438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author of the accompanying classic paper from the <i>Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry</i> (Crouch JJ, Sakaguchi N, Lytle C, Schulte BA. Immunohistochemical localization of the Na-K-Cl Co-transporter (NKCC1) in the Gerbil Inner Ear. <i>Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry</i> 1997;45(6):773-778) comments on how the immunohistochemical techniques used in the study provided critical new information that helped define the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the generation and maintenance of electrochemical gradients in the ear, particularly the presence of the Na,K,2Cl symporter (NKCC) in the inner ear. (J Histochem Cytochem 71: 509-510, 2023).</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":"71 9","pages":"509-510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10314431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Intermittent Cytochemist.","authors":"Thoru Pederson","doi":"10.1369/00221554231195393","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231195393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I wanted to be a cytochemist but encountered detours and then, in some of my work, became one of a different kind than classically defined. I recount this here to discourage young scientists from regarding cytochemistry as something that peaked in the past, but rather to be viewed as an entirely new form of the discipline, and so rich with opportunities. (J Histochem Cytochem 71: 475-480, 2023).</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":"71 9","pages":"475-480"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10257469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ioli Mitsou, Cathrine Rein Carlson, Hinke A B Multhaupt, Cord Brakebusch, John R Couchman
{"title":"Two Transient Receptor Potential Channels at Focal Adhesions.","authors":"Ioli Mitsou, Cathrine Rein Carlson, Hinke A B Multhaupt, Cord Brakebusch, John R Couchman","doi":"10.1369/00221554231194119","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554231194119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently there have been reports that identify two transient receptor potential channels in cell-matrix junctions known as focal adhesions. These are the calcium channel TRP canonical 7 and the calcium-activated monovalent ion channel, TRP melastatin (TRPM) 4. Here, we report on the occurrence of TRPM4 in focal adhesions of fibroblasts. Of three commercial antibodies recognizing this channel, only one yielded focal adhesion staining, while the other two did not. The epitope recognized by the focal adhesion-localizing antibody was mapped to the extreme C-terminus of the TRPM4 protein. The other two antibodies bind to N-terminal regions of the TRPM4 proteins. Deletion of the <i>TRPM4</i> gene by CRISPR/cas9 techniques confirmed that this channel is a <i>bona fide</i> focal adhesion component, while expression of full-length TRPM4 proteins suggested that processing may occur to yield a form that localizes to focal adhesions. Given the reports that this channel may influence migratory behavior of cells and is linked to cardiovascular disease, TRPM4 functions in adhesion should be explored in greater depth. (J Histochem Cytochem 71: 495-508, 2023).</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":"71 9","pages":"495-508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10258431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}