{"title":"High M2/M1 Macrophage Ratio Observed in Nasal Polyps Formed in Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis.","authors":"Eiichi Kato, Akifumi Muramoto, Natsumi Yonemoto, Yoshinori Matsuwaki, Masafumi Sakashita, Mana Fukushima, Shigeharu Fujieda, Motohiro Kobayashi","doi":"10.1369/00221554241286571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1369/00221554241286571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) shares similarities with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS), both characterized by intractable nasal polyps. The key distinction lies in the presence of fungal infection within the nasal cavity. While ECRS nasal polyps are known for significant infiltration of M2 macrophages and eosinophils, as well as an increase in high endothelial venule (HEV)-like vessels, these features are less commonly reported in AFRS. This study compared clinicopathological findings between AFRS (<i>n</i>=10), ECRS (<i>n</i>=12), and non-ECRS (<i>n</i>=10) patients' nasal polyps using immunohistochemical analysis for CD163 and CD68 to assess the M2/M1 macrophage ratio, and peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd) and CD34 to evaluate the proportion of HEV-like vessels. AFRS showed a significantly higher number of CD163-positive M2 macrophages and an increased M2/M1 ratio compared with ECRS. However, the percentage of HEV-like vessels and the number of eosinophils infiltrating the nasal polyps were similar in both AFRS and ECRS. The observed increase in M2 macrophages in AFRS nasal polyps is presumed to be induced by fungal infection in the nasal cavity, in comparison with ECRS. These results highlight the distinctive immunological profiles of AFRS and ECRS, emphasizing the role of macrophage polarization in their pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel Stubler, Sarah A Dooley, Rachel Edens, Maribeth R Nicholson, Amy C Engevik
{"title":"Intestinal Tuft Cells Are Enriched With Protocadherins.","authors":"Rachel Stubler, Sarah A Dooley, Rachel Edens, Maribeth R Nicholson, Amy C Engevik","doi":"10.1369/00221554241287267","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554241287267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intestinal tuft cells are rare cells that regulate diverse functions. They harbor chemosensory receptors and signal to the mucosal immune system in response to external stimuli, though their full function and structure remain unclear. Named for their apical \"tuft\" of long actin-rich microvilli, tuft cells facilitate chemoreception and other physiological responses. In enterocytes, microvilli are stabilized by intermicrovillar adhesion complexes (IMACs) composed of several proteins, including cadherin-related family member-2 (CDHR2) and cadherin-related family member-5 (CDHR5), Myosin 7b, and Usher syndrome type 1 C (USH1C). We hypothesized that IMACs would be enriched in tuft cells to regulate microvillar organization. Immunostaining of murine intestinal tissue revealed that CDHR2 and CDHR5 colocalize with the tuft cell markers, DCLK1, phospho-EGFR, advillin, and cytokeratin 18. CDHR2 was dispersed throughout murine tuft cells, while CDHR5 was concentrated on the apical surface. USH1C and Myosin 7b were present in tuft cells, but at lower levels. Human single-cell RNA sequencing revealed robust CDHR2 and CDHR5 expression in tuft cells in the small intestine and colon. Immunostaining of human intestinal tissue confirmed CDHR2 and CDHR5 localization to the apical surface of tuft cells. Our findings demonstrate that protocadherins are key components of murine and human intestinal tuft cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11471013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherine S Bannykh, Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos, Paul W Linesch, Joshua J Breunig, Serguei I Bannykh
{"title":"Laminin Beta 2 Is Localized at the Sites of Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Disruption Is Associated With Increased Vascular Permeability, Histochemical, and Transcriptomic Study.","authors":"Katherine S Bannykh, Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos, Paul W Linesch, Joshua J Breunig, Serguei I Bannykh","doi":"10.1369/00221554241281896","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554241281896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heterotrimeric extracellular matrix proteins laminins are mostly deposited at basal membranes and are important in repair and neoplasia. Here, we localize laminin beta 2 (<i>LAMB2</i>) at the sites of blood-brain barrier (BBB). Microvasculature (MV) of normal brain is endowed with complete <i>LAMB2</i> coverage. In contrast, its cognate protein laminin beta 1 (<i>LAMB1</i>) is absent in MV of normal brain but emerges at the sprouting tip of a growing vessels. Similarly, vascular proliferation in high-grade gliomas (HGG) is accompanied by marked overexpression of <i>LAMB1</i>, whereas <i>LAMB2</i> shows deficient deposition. We find that many brain pathologies with presence of post-gadolinium enhancement (PGE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) show disruption of <i>LAMB2</i> vascular ensheathment. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in HGG blocks angiogenesis, suppresses PGE in HGG, prevents expression of <i>LAMB1</i>, and restores LAMB2 vascular coverage. Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) databases shows that in quiescent brain <i>LAMB2</i> is predominantly expressed by BBB-associated pericytes (PCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), whereas neither cell types produce <i>LAMB1</i>. In contrast, in HGG, both <i>LAMB1</i> and <i>2</i> are overexpressed by endothelial precursor cells, a phenotypically unique immature group, specific to proliferating hyperplastic MV.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11472343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Short-Term Treatment of Melatonin Improves the Expression of Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Testis of the Mouse Cryptorchidism Model.","authors":"Arunothai Wanta, Kazuhiro Noguchi, Taichi Sugawara, Kayoko Sonoda, Keerakarn Somsuan, Tomohiko Wakayama","doi":"10.1369/00221554241279505","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554241279505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melatonin plays a major role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and enhancing testosterone production. We investigated the short-term effects of melatonin treatment for 14 consecutive days in the cryptorchidism model. We categorized experimental mice into Sham (S), Orchiopexy (O), Melatonin (Mel), and Orchiopexy + Melatonin (OMel) groups. Surgery involved inducing cryptorchidism in the left testis for seven days, followed by orchiopexy. The Mel group's testes did not descend, but they received melatonin injections after seven days of cryptorchidism. The OMel group underwent both orchiopexy and melatonin treatment. Both O and Mel groups exhibited decreased sperm and round-headed sperm in the epididymis. Significant increases were observed in the numbers of giant cells and negative Nectin-3 cells at <i>p</i>-value<0.05. The pattern of Cadm1 expression changed, and Nectin-2 and Nectin-3 co-expression was lacking in abnormal spermatids. Sertoli cell cytoplasm in both O and Mel groups exhibited autophagosomes and multivesicular bodies, which correlated with increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression. However, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cell numbers increased significantly in all treatment groups compared to the S group. Our study found that the combination of orchiopexy and melatonin positively influenced the expression of cell adhesion molecules (Cadm1, Nectin-2, and Nectin-3) involved in spermatogenesis, while reducing giant cells, autophagosomes, and apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Expression of Membrane-bound Carbonic Anhydrases IV, IX, and XIV in the Mouse Heart\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1369/00221554241284816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1369/00221554241284816","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Renal Mast Cell-Specific Proteases in the Pathogenesis of Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis.","authors":"Dmitrii Atiakshin,Sergey Morozov,Vladimir Dlin,Andrey Kostin,Artem Volodkin,Michael Ignatyuk,Galina Kuzovleva,Sergey Baiko,Irina Chekmareva,Svetlana Chesnokova,Daniel Elieh-Ali-Komi,Igor Buchwalow,Markus Tiemann","doi":"10.1369/00221554241274878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1369/00221554241274878","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic kidney disease is detected in 8-15% of the world's population. Along with fibrotic changes, it can lead to a complete loss of organ function. Therefore, a better understanding of the onset of the pathological process is required. To address this issue, we examined the interaction between mast cells (MCs) and cells in fibrous and intact regions, focusing on the role of MC proteases such as tryptase, chymase, and carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3). MCs appear to be involved in the development of inflammatory and fibrotic changes through the targeted secretion of tryptase, chymase, and CPA3 to the vascular endothelium, nephron epithelium, interstitial cells, and components of intercellular substances. Protease-based phenotyping of renal MCs showed that tryptase-positive MCs were the most common phenotype at all anatomic sites. The infiltration of MC in different anatomic sites of the kidney with an associated release of protease content was accompanied by a loss of contact between the epithelium and the basement membrane, indicating the active participation of MCs in the formation and development of fibrogenic niches in the kidney. These findings may contribute to the development of novel strategies for the treatment of tubulointerstitial fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142194286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashik Jawahar Deen, Johan Thorsson, Eleanor M O'Roberts, Pranauti Panshikar, Tony Ullman, David Krantz, Carolina Oses, Charlotte Stadler
{"title":"Making Multiplexed Imaging Flexible: Combining Essential Markers With Established Antibody Panels.","authors":"Ashik Jawahar Deen, Johan Thorsson, Eleanor M O'Roberts, Pranauti Panshikar, Tony Ullman, David Krantz, Carolina Oses, Charlotte Stadler","doi":"10.1369/00221554241274856","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554241274856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiplexed immunofluorescence (IF) can be achieved using different commercially available platforms, often making use of conjugated antibodies detected in iterative cycles. A growing portfolio of pre-conjugated antibodies is offered by the providers, as well as the possibility for <i>in-house</i> conjugation. For many conjugation methods and kits, there are limitations in which antibodies can be used, and conjugation results are sometimes irreproducible. The conjugation process can limit or slow down the progress of studies requiring conjugation of essential markers needed for a given project. Here, we demonstrate a protocol combining manual indirect immunofluorescence (IF) of primary antibodies, followed by antibody elution and staining with multiplexed panels of commercially pre-conjugated antibodies on the PhenoCycler platform. We present detailed protocols for applying the workflow on fresh frozen and formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections. We also provide a ready to use workflow for coregistration of the images and demonstrate this for two examples.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11421402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dalia I Aldosari, Yasser A Alshawakir, Ibrahim O Alanazi, Abdullah S Alhomida, Mohammad S Ola
{"title":"Differential Expression of Branched-Chain Aminotransferase in the Rat Ocular Tissues.","authors":"Dalia I Aldosari, Yasser A Alshawakir, Ibrahim O Alanazi, Abdullah S Alhomida, Mohammad S Ola","doi":"10.1369/00221554241272338","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554241272338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) play vital roles in metabolic and physiological processes, with their catabolism initiated by two branched-chain aminotransferase isozymes: cytosolic (BCATc) and mitochondrial (BCATm). These enzymes have tissue and cell-specific compartmentalization and are believed to shuttle metabolites between cells and tissues. Although their expression and localization have been established in most tissues, ocular tissues remain unknown. In this study, we used immunohistochemical analyses to investigate the expression and localization of BCAT enzymes in the normal eye tissues. As expected, BCATc was highly expressed in the neuronal cells of the retina, particularly in the ganglion cell layers, inner nuclear layer, and plexiform layer, with little to no expression in Müller cells. BCATc was also present in the cornea, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choroid, ciliary body, and iris but not in the lens. In contrast, BCATm was expressed across all ocular tissues, with strong expression in the Muller cells of the retina, the endothelial and epithelial layers of the cornea, the choroid and iris, and the epithelial cells at the lens's front. The extensive expression and distribution of BCAT isozymes in the ocular tissue, suggests that BCAA transamination is widespread in the eye, potentially aiding in metabolite transport between ocular tissues. The findings provide new insights into the physiological role of BCATs in the eye, particularly within the neuronal retina.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Controversy Regarding the Identity of the Enzyme That Mediates Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Synthesis in Human Alpha Cells.","authors":"Gladys Teitelman","doi":"10.1369/00221554241274879","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554241274879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Processing of proglucagon into glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-2 in intestinal L cells is mediated by the prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) while PC2 is responsible for the synthesis of glucagon in pancreatic alpha cells. While GLP-1 is also produced by alpha cells, the identity of the convertase involved in its synthesis is still unsettled. It also remains to be determined whether all alpha cells produce the incretin. The aims of this study were first, to elucidate the identity of the proconvertase responsible for GLP-1 production in human alpha cells, and second, to ascertain whether the number of glucagon cells expressing GLP-1 increase during diabetes. To answer these questions, sections of pancreas from donors' non-diabetic controls, type 1 and type 2 diabetes were processed for double-labelled immunostaining of glucagon and GLP-1 and of each hormone and either PC1 or PC2. Stained sections were examined by confocal microscopy. It was found that all alpha cells of islets from those three groups expressed GLP-1 and PC2 but not PC1/3. This observation supports the view that PC2 is the convertase involved in GLP-1 synthesis in all human glucagon cells and suggests that the regulation of its activity may have important clinical application in diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masato Kawashima, Itsuki Nagata, Erika Terada, Asano Tamari, Mami Kurauchi, Tohma Sakuraya, Takahiro Sonomura, Eri Oyanagi, Hiromi Yano, Jonathan M Peake, Takamitsu Arakawa
{"title":"Frequent Icing Stimulates Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Following Injury With Necrosis in a Small Fraction of Myofibers in Rats.","authors":"Masato Kawashima, Itsuki Nagata, Erika Terada, Asano Tamari, Mami Kurauchi, Tohma Sakuraya, Takahiro Sonomura, Eri Oyanagi, Hiromi Yano, Jonathan M Peake, Takamitsu Arakawa","doi":"10.1369/00221554241274882","DOIUrl":"10.1369/00221554241274882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Icing interventions on the injured skeletal muscle affect the macrophage-related regenerative events and muscle repair. However, despite its importance for the practice in sport medicine, the influence of different icing protocols on muscle regeneration remains unclear. Here, using a rodent model of mild muscle injury with necrosis in a small fraction of myofibers, the injured animals were allocated to four groups: non-icing control (Con) and a single treatment (Ice-1), three treatments (Ice-3), or nine treatments (Ice-9) with a 30-min icing each time within two days following injury. Muscle regeneration was compared between the groups on post-injury days 1, 3, 5, and 7. The results showed that compared with the Con group, muscle regeneration was faster in the Ice-9 group (but not in the Ice-1 and Ice-3 groups), as indicated by more rapid accumulation of satellite cells within the regenerating area and enlarged size of regenerating myofibers (<i>p</i><0.05, respectively). There was also less macrophage accumulation (<i>p</i><0.05) and a trend toward early removal of necrotic myofibers in the damaged/regenerating area in the Ice-9 group (<i>p</i>=0.0535). These results demonstrate that in the case of mild muscle damage, more frequent icing treatment is more effective to stimulate muscle regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":16079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}