{"title":"Precision biomarker discovery in hypertension through explainable AI and proteomics.","authors":"Karthik Sekaran, Hatem Zayed","doi":"10.1038/s41371-026-01134-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-026-01134-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension is a major global health burden and a leading driver of cardiovascular disease, yet reliable blood-based biomarkers for early disease are still limited. We combined plasma proteomics with explainable machine learning to identify circulating proteins associated with stage 1 hypertension in the Qatar Biobank. Proteomic profiles from 778 participants (554 controls and 224 stage 1 hypertension cases) were analyzed; 1305 proteins were tested for differential expression with adjustment for age and sex, and top features were prioritized before training predictive models. Among the evaluated classifiers, CatBoost performed best (AUROC = 0.7985), and SHapley Additive exPlanations were used to interpret the model. We identified 36 proteins significantly associated with hypertension and observed a characteristic pattern featuring lower Renin, sRAGE, ghrelin, and IL-1RAcP, and higher TFPI, QORL1, HSP70, and C5a in hypertensive individuals. Pathway and network analyses implicated processes related to oxidative stress and vascular function. Together, these results demonstrate Renin, TFPI, sRAGE, QORL1, ghrelin, HSP70, IL-1RAcP, and C5a as candidate circulating biomarkers for hypertension and illustrate the value of explainable AI for translating proteomic signals into potentially clinically interpretable candidates, pending validation in independent and diverse cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":16070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Hypertension","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roham Hadidchi, Suhani Pahuja, Shiv Mehrotra-Varma, William Zhao, Ryan C Lee, Sonya Henry, Tim Q Duong
{"title":"COVID-19 and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with pre-existing hypertension.","authors":"Roham Hadidchi, Suhani Pahuja, Shiv Mehrotra-Varma, William Zhao, Ryan C Lee, Sonya Henry, Tim Q Duong","doi":"10.1038/s41371-026-01147-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-026-01147-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with hypertension have worse acute COVID-19 outcomes, but the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection is unclear. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with hypertension and no prior cardiovascular events in the Montefiore Health System, comparing those with and without COVID-19 over up to 4.5 years post-infection. Outcomes included first-time myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), stroke, all-cause mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Multivariate regression and inverse-probability weighting adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, socioeconomic status, and COVID-19 vaccination. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Sub-analyses examined hypertension stage and acute COVID-19 blood biomarkers in relation to outcomes. Among 75,180 hypertensive patients, hospitalized COVID-19 was associated with increased risk of first-time MI (adjusted HR = 1.40 [1.21-1.63]), HF (1.59 [1.45-1.75]), stroke (1.35 [1.17-1.57]), all-cause mortality (2.51 [2.17-2.90]), and MACE (1.65 [1.54-1.77]) compared to COVID-negative individuals. Non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients had elevated risks of HF (1.17 [1.06-1.30]) and MACE (1.14 [1.05-1.23]). Hospitalized COVID-19 was associated with an increase in MACE risk by 75% in those with normal blood pressure, and by 126% and 148% in those with elevated blood pressure and stage 1 hypertension, respectively. Abnormal C-reactive protein, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, hemoglobin, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicted higher MACE risk. COVID-19, irrespective of disease severity, puts hypertensive patients at greater risks of worse cardiovascular outcomes, especially those with more advanced hypertension. These findings underscore the importance of long-term cardiovascular monitoring in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Hypertension","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147645410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olutobi A. Sanuade, Daniel K. Addo, Justin D. Smith, Allison J. Carroll, Daichi Shimbo, Sameera Talegawkar, Katherine L. Tucker, Joshua A. Jacobs, Catherine G. Derington, Adam P. Bress
{"title":"The association of urinary sodium with incident apparent treatment resistant hypertension among African Americans: findings from the Jackson Heart Study","authors":"Olutobi A. Sanuade, Daniel K. Addo, Justin D. Smith, Allison J. Carroll, Daichi Shimbo, Sameera Talegawkar, Katherine L. Tucker, Joshua A. Jacobs, Catherine G. Derington, Adam P. Bress","doi":"10.1038/s41371-026-01143-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41371-026-01143-8","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and disproportionately affects African American (AA) adults. Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) is highly prevalent in this population. Sodium intake is associated with blood pressure (BP) levels, yet the relationship between sodium and the risk of developing aTRH in AA adults remains unclear. This study examined the association between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and incident aTRH among AA adults with hypertension, using data from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). The JHS included 5306 self-identified AA adults from Jackson, Mississippi, with data collected from 2000 to 2013. This analysis included 452 participants with baseline hypertension and complete urinary excretion and medication data. Sodium excretion was categorized into quartiles: Q1 (253 to 2530 mg/day), Q2 (2553 to 3657 mg/day), Q3 (3680 to 4692 mg/day), and Q4 (4715 to 9775 mg/day). A semi-parametric proportional hazards model was used to determine the association between sodium excretion and incident aTRH. Participants had a mean age of 63 years, and 27.7% were men. Over a median follow-up of 7.5 years, 123 participants (27.2%) developed aTRH. The incidence of aTRH was 25.7%, 24.8%, 29.2%, and 29.2% in Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 of urinary sodium excretion, respectively. In adjusted models, there was no significant association between urinary sodium excretion and incident aTRH [HRs (95% CIs): Q2 = 0.71 (0.34, 1.46), Q3 = 1.02 (0.50, 2.06), Q4 = 0.95 (0.46, 2.00); P = 0.166]. Among AA adults with treated hypertension, sodium intake, as measured by 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, was not significantly associated with incident resistant hypertension.","PeriodicalId":16070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Hypertension","volume":"40 5","pages":"405-412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-026-01143-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147638980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lyndia C. Brumback, David R. Jacobs Jr., Daniel A. Duprez, Matthew A. Allison, Timothy M. Hughes, Susan R. Heckbert, Stephen R. Rapp
{"title":"Arterial compliance, assessed by PTC1 and PTC2 from radial artery pressure waveforms, and cognitive performance: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","authors":"Lyndia C. Brumback, David R. Jacobs Jr., Daniel A. Duprez, Matthew A. Allison, Timothy M. Hughes, Susan R. Heckbert, Stephen R. Rapp","doi":"10.1038/s41371-026-01138-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41371-026-01138-5","url":null,"abstract":"Arterial stiffness is a contributor to cognitive decline. Pressure time constants (PTCs: PTC1, PTC2) are new measures of arterial compliance (inverse of stiffness) which are based on a Windkessel model of arterial pulse pressure waveforms. The methodology for PTCs is open-source and scalable. We evaluated the cross-sectional association between PTCs from radial artery pressure waveforms and cognitive performance: Global cognitive function (Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, CASI; score range 0–100); processing speed (Digit Symbol Coding, DSC; 0–133); and working memory (Digit Span, DS; 0–30). Among 3134 adults from 6 U.S. communities in 2010–2012 (aged 54–94 years; 47% male; 41% White, 25% Black, 23% Hispanic/Latino, 12% Chinese), the mean ± SD was 283 ± 127 ms for PTC1, 85 ± 31 ms for PTC2, 89 ± 8 for CASI, 51 ± 18 for DSC, and 15 ± 4 for DS. In the entire sample (after adjustment for community, race/ethnicity, and variables in the dementia score called “Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia”), neither PTC1 nor PTC2 was associated with CASI, DSC, or DS. In exploratory analyses, after adjustment, one SD higher PTC2 was associated with a 1.4 (95% confidence interval: 0.4, 2.5; p = 0.004) higher mean DSC score among the subset with at least one APOE-ε4 allele (N = 828) and a 0.8 (0.1, 1.5; p = 0.03) higher mean DSC score among those 65 years and older (N = 2020). Higher radial artery PTC2 (lower arterial stiffness) was associated with faster processing speed among carriers of APOE-ε4 and older adults. Future work should investigate the association of PTCs with other indicators of brain health.","PeriodicalId":16070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Hypertension","volume":"40 5","pages":"398-404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yeqin Xu, Tingting Yang, Tao Xu, Jiabei Lu, Siying Qiu, Yuexian Tao
{"title":"Effects of mobile health interventions on blood pressure control and self-management in middle-aged and older adults with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yeqin Xu, Tingting Yang, Tao Xu, Jiabei Lu, Siying Qiu, Yuexian Tao","doi":"10.1038/s41371-026-01145-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-026-01145-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While mobile health shows potential in hypertension treatment, its effectiveness for middle-aged and older adults is unclear. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of mobile health interventions on blood pressure outcomes in this group of population; the secondary objective was to examine their impact on patients' self-management and to identify potential influencing factors. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched until March 2025. The included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of mobile health interventions on blood pressure and self-management outcomes. Meta-analysis used Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 17.0, with quality assessed by Cochrane ROB2.0. Fourteen RCTs with 6292 patients were included. Compared with traditional care, mobile health interventions demonstrated significant advantages in improving systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood pressure control rates, treatment adherence, hypertension-related knowledge, and quality of life, while no statistically significant effect was observed on hypertension self-efficacy. Subgroup analyses indicated that, aside from a borderline between-subgroup difference in diastolic blood pressure stratified by intervention type (P = 0.05), the blood pressure-lowering effects of mobile health interventions were generally consistent across various age groups and intervention modalities. In summary, mobile health interventions can significantly improve clinical outcomes and self-management levels among patients aged ≥ 45 years with hypertension; however, their effects on hypertension self-efficacy remain limited. Further long-term, high-quality studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Hypertension","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rising cases of hypertension among indigenous populations of Northeast India: an overview","authors":"Sudipta Ghosh","doi":"10.1038/s41371-026-01137-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41371-026-01137-6","url":null,"abstract":"A sizable number of people with hypertension live in low- and middle-income countries that lack adequate health resources and where awareness of hypertension is limited, resulting in poor blood pressure control. This review paper aims to investigate the association between ethnicity and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as hypertension, among the indigenous populations of northeast India. Thirty-one articles were retrieved from PubMed, NCBI, and Google Scholar. These articles focus on hypertension cases across twenty-four different indigenous populations in all eight states of northeast India, including North Bengal. The participants included adults of both sexes. In some instances, systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings were reported for each population, along with nutritional status assessed through body mass index (BMI). Results indicate that the Mizo exhibit a high prevalence of systolic diastolic hypertension (SDH) in both males (57%) and females (43%), followed by the Ao Naga (45% Male and 41% Female). A notably high prevalence of isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) is observed among the Angami Naga (67% Rural and 68% Urban). However, concerning BMI, a low percentage of Angami Naga (14% Rural and 20% Urban) are found to be obese. In most indigenous populations, males are more susceptible to developing vulnerabilities related to CVD risk factors than their female counterparts. To gain a comprehensive understanding, this prevalence must be viewed from an evolutionary perspective, taking into account physiological mechanisms and nutritional transitions among the indigenous populations of northeast India.","PeriodicalId":16070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Hypertension","volume":"40 5","pages":"363-369"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147618693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farwa Ilyas, Zafar Aleem Suchal, Abdul Rehman, Azra Mahmud
{"title":"Assessing and Optimizing Blood Pressure Measurement Technique in Clinical Practice The BPRIGHT Project (Blood Pressure Reliability through Implementation of Guidelines and Holistic Training)","authors":"Farwa Ilyas, Zafar Aleem Suchal, Abdul Rehman, Azra Mahmud","doi":"10.1038/s41371-026-01136-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41371-026-01136-7","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement is essential for the early detection and management of hypertension (HTN), yet gaps persist in routine clinical practice. This study aimed to improve the quality of office BP measurement through a structured quality improvement intervention at Shalamar Hospital, Lahore. Conducted over six months, the project comprised three phases: baseline assessment, targeted interventions, and post-intervention reassessment. Interventions included BP measurement workshops, hands-on training sessions, educational posters, and ergonomic improvements across 14 outpatient sites. All sites used manual BP measurement with mercury sphygmomanometers, performing a single reading per patient. Significant improvements were observed following the intervention: ensuring 5-minute patient rest before measurement (9% to 88%, p < 0.0001); correct seating with back support and feet flat (13% to 83%, p < 0.0001); separate identification of systolic and diastolic BP (33% to 92%, p < 0.0001); inflating the cuff 20–30 mmHg above systolic BP (46% to 96%, p < 0.0001); and deflating at an appropriate rate (38% to 90%, p < 0.0001). Checking for smoking or caffeine intake within 30 minutes improved modestly (0% to 26%). The number of readings per patient remained unchanged. Structured educational and ergonomic intervention were associated with marked short-term improvements in adherence to recommended office blood pressure measurement practices. While these findings support the feasibility and effectiveness of targeted implementation strategies in routine clinical settings, the generalizability of the results is limited, and the durability of these improvements beyond the short follow-up period remains uncertain. Larger, multi-centre studies with longer follow-up are needed to evaluate sustained impact and implications for clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":16070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Hypertension","volume":"40 5","pages":"391-397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-026-01136-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147616251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hemoglobin, oxygen transport reserve, and risk in hypertensive obstructive sleep apnea","authors":"Bülent Özlek","doi":"10.1038/s41371-026-01142-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41371-026-01142-9","url":null,"abstract":"Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension frequently coexist and together amplify cardiovascular risk, yet risk stratification in OSA remains largely centered on desaturation metrics. In this editorial, we contextualize the findings of Guo et al., who report an L-shaped association between admission hemoglobin levels and all-cause mortality among hospitalized patients with hypertensive OSA. We discuss the hypertensive OSA phenotype as a high-risk intersection of hypoxic and hemodynamic stress and emphasize arterial oxygen content—determined by both hemoglobin concentration and arterial oxygen saturation—as an integrative determinant of oxygen delivery reserve. Within this framework, reduced hemoglobin may further compromise tissue oxygen transport in an already vulnerable population. We underscore that hemoglobin should be interpreted as a risk modulator rather than a direct therapeutic target, and that causal inference cannot be drawn from observational data. Future prospective studies integrating polysomnographic metrics with longitudinal hemoglobin assessments are needed to clarify the clinical implications.","PeriodicalId":16070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Hypertension","volume":"40 4","pages":"298-300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-026-01142-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prognostic value of blood pressure variability in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Apridya Nurhafizah, Wilbert Huang, Alvin Frederich, Alya Roosrahima Khairunnisa, Rivera Adenia Firza Zahrani, Susetyo Atmojo, Bambang Budi Siswanto","doi":"10.1038/s41371-026-01141-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41371-026-01141-w","url":null,"abstract":"Blood pressure variability (BPV) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality across various cardiovascular conditions, but its prognostic significance in heart failure (HF) remains insufficiently established. This review aims to assess the potential utility of BPV as a prognostic marker in the HF population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 studies including 33,022 patients (mean age 66.2 ± 10.5 years). Composite endpoints included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, HF rehospitalization, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and heart transplantation. Pooled hazard ratios were calculated using a generic inverse variance approach under a random-effects model. Higher long-term BPV was significantly associated with increased risk of composite outcomes (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01–1.43; I² = 89%, p = 0.03) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05–1.25; I² = 49%, p = 0.001). Daytime short-term BPV showed an inverse association (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.99; I² = 0%, p = 0.01), while a U-shaped relationship between long-term BPV and risk of composite outcomes and cardiovascular mortality was observed. These findings suggest that BPV may serve as a prognostic factor for secondary risk stratification in patients with HF.","PeriodicalId":16070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Hypertension","volume":"40 5","pages":"354-362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-026-01141-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Bertolino, B. Leclercq, S. Benameur, JF Renucci, B. Vaïsse, G. Sarlon-Bartoli, F. Silhol
{"title":"Coexistence of fibromuscular dysplasia and primary aldosteronism : an underrecognized association","authors":"J. Bertolino, B. Leclercq, S. Benameur, JF Renucci, B. Vaïsse, G. Sarlon-Bartoli, F. Silhol","doi":"10.1038/s41371-026-01139-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41371-026-01139-4","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes a unique cohort of patients with concomitant fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and primary aldosteronism (PA), two distinct causes of secondary hypertension rarely reported together. By combining clinical, biochemical, and imaging data, we characterize their overlapping features and discuss potential shared hormonal and molecular mechanisms. Our findings suggest that coexistence of FMD and PA may increase vascular complication risk and warrants systematic cross-screening in selected hypertensive patients.","PeriodicalId":16070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Hypertension","volume":"40 4","pages":"345-347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147574221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}