Journal of Human Kinetics最新文献

{"title":"Aerobic Exercise under Cold Conditions May Affect the Cardiac Structure by Elevating the Galectin 3 and CK-MB Levels.","authors":"Saime Ozbek Sebin, Engin Sebin, Basak Gulakar, Cebrail Gencoglu, Serhat Ozbay, Suleyman Ulupinar, Konca Altinkaynak, Abdullah Bora Ozkara","doi":"10.5114/jhk/213943","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/213943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the myocardial effects of aerobic exercise in cold weather in healthy individuals by measuring galectin-3 (Gal-3) and CK-MB levels. Forty-one individuals (12 professional athletes [age: 21.91 ± 2.60 years, body mass: 63.5 ± 8.4 kg, BMI: 21.7 ± 1.6 kg/m²], 14 physically active [age: 21.95 ± 2.30 years, body mass: 65.5 ± 10.3 kg, BMI: 22.4 ± 1.4 kg/m²], and 15 sedentary individuals [age: 21.40 ± 2.64 years, body mass: 62.5 ± 7.4 kg, BMI: 22.2 ± 1.7 kg/m²]) participated in this study. Athletes and physically active individuals performed 40 minutes of acute aerobic running exercises at 0°C and 20°C environmental temperatures. Gal-3 and CK-MB levels were measured pre- and post-exercise. Baseline Gal-3 levels of professional athletes (p < 0.001) and physically active individuals (p = 0.048) were significantly higher than those of sedentary individuals. Two-way ANOVA showed significant interaction (p = 0.035) between temperature (0°C vs. 20°C) and exercise (pre- vs. post-exercise). At 0°C, there was a significant increase in post-exercise serum Gal-3 levels when compared with pre-exercise values (p < 0.001, +7.1%), whereas no significant difference was observed at 20°C. Moreover, no significant interaction was found for CK-MB levels (p = 0.306) between the temperature (0°C vs. 20°C) and exercise (pre- vs. post-exercise). Additionally, there was a significant difference between pre- and post-exercise values at the 0°C environmental temperature for serum CK-MB levels (p < 0.001), while there was no significant difference at 20°C. This study demonstrates that regular exercise is associated with biochemical abnormalities that may affect cardiac structure and function. Aerobic exercise under cold conditions may cause myocardial injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"101 Spec","pages":"87-102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Rhabdomyolysis and Kidney Injury after Intensive Exercise. Potential of Novel Biomarkers of Kidney Injury: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz, Gilmara Gomes de Assis, Maria Ciałowicz, Ewa Bakońska-Pacoń","doi":"10.5114/jhk/218100","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/218100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-intensity interval training (HIIT), CrossFit®, strength training, and others, develop athletes' strength, speed, and endurance within a very short period of time, enabling competition at the highest sporting level. At present, they constitute one of the most widely practiced training modalities, used both in competitive and recreational sports. However, excessive intensity of such training sessions provokes substantial muscle damage (rhabdomyolysis) and may lead to renal injury, which in severe cases is diagnosed as acute kidney injury (AKI). This necessitates hospitalization and renal replacement therapy, thereby affecting athletes' health status and limiting their ability to participate in sports activities. The present work is a review of current knowledge on the phenomenon of rhabdomyolysis, its etiological factors, pathomechanisms, and health consequences, accompanied by a concise overview of emerging biomarkers of renal injury. The assessment of these biomarkers following physical exercise may provide new insights into the dynamics of post-exercise changes, indicate the severity and localization of exercise-induced renal damage, and contribute to a deeper understanding of structural kidney injury associated with strenuous physical activity-knowledge that may be applied in the prevention of exertional kidney injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"101 Spec","pages":"199-226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Hot Water Immersion at Different Temperatures during a Transition Period on Vertical Jump Performance.","authors":"Caiyan Li, Anjie Wang, Chansol Hurr","doi":"10.5114/jhk/215290","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/215290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased muscle temperature (Tm) enhances exercise performance but can decrease during the transition period between the warm-up and the competition. Although passive warming strategies can maintain Tm, the optimal heating temperatures and their effects on performance are unclear. Seventeen healthy males participated in this study with four experimental conditions: no intervention (CON), hot water immersion at 36°C (HWI₃₆), 39°C (HWI₃₉), and 42°C (HWI₄₂) during a 20-min transition period. Vertical jump (VJ) performance, core temperature (Tc), the heart rate (HR), and perceived thermal comfort were measured across eight VJ sets (VJ1-8) performed over 1 h, and biomechanical analyses were conducted to understand the changes in jump performance. Significant improvements in VJ performance were observed immediately after the transition period under all hot water immersion (HWI) conditions compared to CON (CON 49.2 ± 4.7 vs. HWI₃₆ 50.9 ± 4.8 vs. HWI₃₉ 52.2 ± 3.8 vs. HWI₄₂ 53.5 ± 4.4 cm, all p < 0.05 for VJ2). HWI₃₉ and HWI₄₂ sustained greater VJ performance up to 50 min post-immersion than did CON and HWI₃₆ (all p < 0.05 for VJ2-7). HWI₃₉ and HWI₄₂ increased knee range of motion and peak knee angular acceleration in the concentric phase during jumps (p < 0.05). Tc and the HR were significantly higher under the HWI₄₂ condition (p < 0.05), with participants reporting greater thermal discomfort. HWI₃₉ and HWI₄₂ during the transition period enhanced and sustained VJ performance, with HWI₃₉ being more tolerable. The enhanced VJ performance was primarily due to improved range of motion and concentric muscle contraction. These findings provide valuable insights for the optimization of passive warming strategies in competitive sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"101 Spec","pages":"21-33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Training Load in the Lead-Up to Competition: Session-Rating of Perceived Exertion, not the Acute-to-Chronic Workload Ratio, Associated with the Performance of Elite Swimmers.","authors":"Alexanter Marinof, Jesús Martínez-Sobrino, Jesús Santos Del Cerro, José María González-Ravé, Santiago Veiga","doi":"10.5114/jhk/218950","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/218950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the dynamic relationship between training loads and swimming performance among elite swimmers over a 40-week training period. Training data from seven international-level swimmers (4 men and 3 women) were collected during three macrocycles comprising one target competition each. The best personal times at the beginning of the cycle (MT_p) were used to calculate the change in the swimmer's performance at the end of each macrocycle (MT₁, MT₂, and MT₃). The training volume in the pool and the gym, as well as the session rating of perceived exertion (_SRPE) were used to calculate the acute-to-chronic workload ratio (ACWR). Associations between training loads and performance change were analyzed using linear mixed models (LMMs), with the swimmer identity being included as a random intercept to account for repeated measures. The higher accumulated dry-land and swimming load during the final seven weeks preceding competition was negatively associated with performance (z_D__SRPE_kg7: β = -20.3; z_W__SRPE_km7: β = -15.5), whereas ACWR-based models showed limited explanatory value. The findings of the study emphasize that monitoring the swimmer's _SRPE in the lead-up to competition can be important for performance optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"101 Spec","pages":"271-284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Responses to Exercise in Male Master Track & Field Athletes: Monitoring during Competition.","authors":"Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk, Bartłomiej Michalak, Łukasz Gutkowski, Jakub Bałdyka, Manuel Sillero-Quintana, Dariusz Boguszewski, Karol Gryko, Kazimierz Mikołajec, Anna Kopiczko","doi":"10.5114/jhk/218447","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/218447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to involutional changes, the ability to perform physical exercise may undergo dynamic alterations. Therefore, analysis of physiological variables characterizing the response to competitive effort in Master athletes can provide additional information about the condition of the athlete and any potential dysfunctions. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of physical effort (warm-up and competition) on changes in skin surface temperature (T_sk) of the lower limbs in athletes across different age categories. Considering the abrupt changes in the functioning of various systems, athletes were divided into three age categories: 35-45 years, 50-65 years, and over 70 years of age. Thermographic imaging was applied at rest and immediately after the race. In the 35-45 age group, a statistically significant decrease in T_sk was observed after exercise, particularly in the area of the rectus femoris muscle of both lower limbs, with the largest reduction recorded for the right rectus femoris muscle (ΔT_sk = 0.63°C). Significant changes in Tsk were also found in the left biceps femoris muscle and the right gastrocnemius muscle. In the 50-65 and 70+ age groups, the changes were not statistically significant. Overall, exercise-induced changes in lower-limb skin temperature were evident primarily in the youngest Master athletes, whereas no consistent or statistically significant age-related differences were observed among groups. These findings suggest a relative preservation of thermoregulatory responses with advancing age in trained individuals, however, given the predominantly non-significant inter-group comparisons, age-related interpretations should be considered exploratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"101 Spec","pages":"227-243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifactorial Thresholds of Psychomotor Fatigue in Soccer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Moses Gnanasigamani, Jennifer M Kiruba, Paweł Chmura","doi":"10.5114/jhk/212912","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/212912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study addressed the complex nature of fatigue in soccer, examining its physical, psychological, neuromuscular, and metabolic dimensions. It evaluated the impact of these different types of fatigue on players' performance, highlighting the importance of comprehensive fatigue-management strategies for enhancing performance and reducing injury risk among soccer players. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various types of fatigue on performance of male soccer players across different competitive levels, through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. A total of 37 randomized controlled trials involving male soccer players were included, following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to assess the multifaceted impacts of fatigue. Key findings revealed that neuromuscular fatigue had the highest mean effect size (0.63), with substantial consistency across studies (95% CI: 0.45-0.80, I² = 99.79%). Physical and metabolic fatigue both showed a mean effect size of 0.38, though they differed in variability; metabolic fatigue demonstrated considerable heterogeneity (I² = 98.73%), reflecting diverse physiological responses, while physical fatigue showed moderate consistency (I² = 98.20%). Psychological fatigue had a significant impact on performance (mean effect size: 0.57), with variability (I² = 97.08%) suggesting context-dependent effects. These results underscore the necessity of a multimodal approach that integrates physical, metabolic, neuromuscular, and psychological interventions to optimize soccer performance and mitigate injury risk. Practical implications include the adoption of targeted recovery strategies such as inter-set recovery intervals and whole-body vibration techniques, as well as the implementation of mental resilience and cognitive training to manage psychological fatigue. Such strategies are essential for developing individualized training and recovery protocols that enhance athletic performance and support long-term career sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"101 Spec","pages":"49-71"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"You Play the Way You Train: The Influence of Accumulated Weekly Training Loads on Match Physical Performance in Soccer Players.","authors":"Iván Asín-Izquierdo, Carlos Galiano, Fabio Y Nakamura, Fernando H Pareja-Blanco, Clemente Jose A Asian-","doi":"10.5114/jhk/208874","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/208874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between soccer players' match performance and cumulative training loads needs to be analysed. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: 1) to examine the influence of accumulated weekly training loads on subsequent mechanical match outcomes, and 2) to analyze individual variability in training and match loads using the coefficient of variation (CV) throughout the season. Internal and external loads over the entire season of 22 semi-professional soccer players (age 23.2 ± 4.2 years, body mass 75.0 ± 5.8 kg, and body height 1.79 ± 0.06 m) were analyzed. The devices used were 10-Hz Playertek+ GPS/GNSS units equipped with an inertial system and an accelerometer (Catapult Innovations, Melbourne, Australia) and the Borg scale in its 6-20 points version. The analysis of the data with the entire squad included all demarcations (except goalkeepers), however, in a second analysis players with the highest participation throughout the season were included, i.e., six defenders (three center back and three fullback players), three midfielders and three forwards (two wingers and one striker). Match high-speed running (HSR) showed significant correlations with most of the variables analyzed (r = 0.14-0.52). Training load variables analyzed (14.7-64.5%) exhibited larger CV values than those observed in matches (4.4-31.8%). Players with greater match HSR showed superior accumulated HSR during the week before the match than those who presented less match HSR (p = 0.024). The cumulative training load indicates a direct relationship with match HSR performance acutely and chronically. Thus, coaches should design tasks emphasizing HSR accumulation throughout the season.</p>","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"101 Spec","pages":"5-20"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Normobaric Hypoxia at 2000 and 3000 m Significantly Lowers the Maximal Lactate Steady State (MLSS) in Trained Cyclists: Training Implications.","authors":"Marta Bazańska-Janas, Natalia Grzebisz-Zatońska, Kamila Płoszczyca, Marek Janas, Adam Niemaszyk, Miłosz Czuba","doi":"10.5114/jhk/217391","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/217391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reduced availability of oxygen under hypoxic conditions makes it necessary to adjust training intensity by reducing the workload and modifying exercise zones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of normobaric hypoxia of varying severity (H2000: FiO₂ = 16.5%, ~2000 m; H3000: FiO₂ = 14.5%, ~3000 m) on physiological variables associated with the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) in trained cyclists, including the work rate (WRMLSS), oxygen uptake (VO₂MLSS), minute ventilation (V̇EMLSS), and the heart rate (HRMLSS). Sixteen trained male cyclists (age: 30 ± 5 years; body height: 180.5 ± 8.0 cm; body mass: 75.2 ± 9.0 kg; body fat content: 10.2 ± 2.0%; VO₂ _max: 57.0 ± 6.0 ml/kg/min) performed incremental and constant-load exercise tests under normoxic (N) and hypoxic (H2000 and H3000) conditions to determine the MLSS. Exposure to H2000 and H3000 significantly reduced the WRMLSS by 9.3% and 18.5%, respectively, as well as VO₂MLSS by 7.2% and 17% compared with normoxia (p < 0.05), while the HRMLSS remained unchanged. SpO₂ showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) drop between N and H2000 (-10.61%), as well as N and H3000 (-16.43%). Blood lactate concentration at the 30^th min of MLSS exercise was significantly (p < 0.05) higher under both H2000 (+36%) and H3000 (+34%) conditions compared to N. These findings indicate that acute normobaric hypoxia equivalent to 2000 and 3000 m significantly impairs the ability to sustain exercise at MLSS intensity. It is recommended that MLSS power be reduced by ~10% at 2000 m and by ~20% at 3000 m, while HR values remain unchanged under both conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"101 Spec","pages":"165-178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromuscular Adaptation to Varying Drop Jump Heights: A Muscle Synergy Approach in Elite Handball Players.","authors":"Jinwei Zhao, Kinga Łosińska, Luyao Chen, Piotr Aschenbrenner","doi":"10.5114/jhk/217230","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/217230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid single-leg landings and rebounds are central to high-performance handball, yet little is known about neuromuscular coordination adaptations to changing mechanical demands under such conditions. This study examined how different landing heights would modulate lower limb muscle synergy patterns in elite male handball players performing single-leg drop jumps. Twenty professional athletes executed rebound jumps from five standardized heights (0.15-0.75 m). Kinematic data, ground reaction forces, and surface electromyography (sEMG) from seven lower limb muscles were collected and synchronized. Muscle synergies were extracted using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), while the temporal characteristics of activation patterns were analyzed with SPM1d. Across landing heights, synergy dimensionality remained stable while both muscle weightings and phase-specific activation (pre-activation, buffering, propulsion) were systematically modulated. These height-dependent adjustments were consistent with redistribution within existing motor modules rather than isolated muscle-specific changes. Practically, programming unilateral plyometrics at ~0.60 m may elicit the most pronounced, yet controlled, adaptation of braking and push-off strategies relevant to impact-force management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"101 Spec","pages":"147-164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Effects of the Cool Vest Jacket on Recovery after a Repeated Shuttle Sprint Ability Test.","authors":"Carlos Lorente-González, Jose Vicente Beltran-Garrido, Abraham Batalla-Gavaldà, Francisco Corbi","doi":"10.5114/jhk/218610","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/218610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soccer is an intermittent sport requiring rapid recovery from repeated high-intensity efforts, especially under heat stress conditions. Cooling vests have emerged as a practical strategy to enhance post-exercise heat dissipation, yet their physiological effects remain underexplored. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a cooling vest following a repeated shuttle sprint ability (RSSA) test under hot conditions, focusing on skin temperature, blood lactate, and heart rate responses. Eleven recreational male soccer players completed two RSSA tests in a randomized crossover design, each followed by 15 min of passive recovery with or without a cooling vest. Skin temperature was measured at five anatomical sites, while blood lactate and the heart rate were recorded at baseline, pre-test, and at 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 min post-exercise. Compared with the control condition, the cooling vest intervention significantly reduced skin temperature at the 3^rd and the 5^th min post-exercise (3 min: d_z = -1.54, 95% CI [-2.53, -0.55], p < 0.001; 5 min: d_z = -0.90, 95% CI [-1.71, -0.08], p = 0.016). Transient between-condition differences were also observed for blood lactate at the 3^rd and the 5^th min (3 min: d_z = -1.00, 95% CI [-1.95, -0.006], p = 0.022; 5 min: d_z = -1.34, 95% CI [-2.36, -0.31], p = 0.003) and for the heart rate at 1 min post-exercise (d_z = -0.84, 95% CI [-1.59, -0.09], p = 0.013). No consistent differences were found at other time points. The protocol showed high between-day reliability (CV = 2.47%; ICC = 0.75), supporting the validity of the observed effects. In conclusion, post-exercise use of a cooling vest after repeated sprints in the heat accelerates early superficial thermal recovery, as evidenced by reductions in skin temperature during the first minutes of recovery. Transient and isolated differences were also observed for the heart rate and blood lactate concentration; however, these effects were not sustained across the full recovery time-course. From a practical perspective, cooling vests may be useful during short recovery windows in intermittent sports, while further research is needed to determine whether broader or longer-lasting physiological benefits can be achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":"101 Spec","pages":"257-270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}