Vicente de Dios-Álvarez, Alexis Padrón-Cabo, Miguel Lorenzo-Martinez, Ezequiel Rey
{"title":"Effects of Different Recovery Duration on External and Internal Load Measures during Bouts of Small-Sided Games","authors":"Vicente de Dios-Álvarez, Alexis Padrón-Cabo, Miguel Lorenzo-Martinez, Ezequiel Rey","doi":"10.5114/jhk/169520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/169520","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of different recovery times between bouts of small-sided games (SSG) on external and internal load variables in semi-professional soccer players. Sixteen male semi-professional soccer players performed three 4 vs. 4 + goalkeeper SSG training sessions, each with different recovery bout duration: short (1 min) (SSG1), medium (2 min) (SSG2), and long (4 min) (SSG4). Time motion and neuromuscular measures were collected during all SSGs, in addition, the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was determined at the end of the last bout of each SSG. Results showed a significant increase in the total number of accelerations (p = 0.016, ES = 0.97, large) and decelerations (p = 0.022, ES = 0.81, large) in SSG4 compared to SSG1. In terms of the internal load, SSG2 showed significantly higher RPE values (p = 0.011, ES = 1.00, large) in comparison with SSG1. If the sessions’ focus is on neuromuscular training, longer recovery times between SSG bouts should be used. Conversely, if the aim is to reach a higher total and running distance at different intensities, a 2-min recovery period between bouts may be more appropriate.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Cristina Barreto, Luís Leitão, Jeferson Macedo Vianna, Rodrigo Poderoso, Victor Machado Reis, Maria Socorro Cirilo-Sousa, Adenilson Targino Júnior, Marcelo Colonna, Gustavo Casimiro-Lopes, Jefferson Silva Novaes
{"title":"Do Men and Women Differ in Hematological Adaptations to 24 Weeks of Crossfit® Training?","authors":"Ana Cristina Barreto, Luís Leitão, Jeferson Macedo Vianna, Rodrigo Poderoso, Victor Machado Reis, Maria Socorro Cirilo-Sousa, Adenilson Targino Júnior, Marcelo Colonna, Gustavo Casimiro-Lopes, Jefferson Silva Novaes","doi":"10.5114/jhk/170885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/170885","url":null,"abstract":"Regular exercise can modulate the immune system functioning through changes in the number and function of leukocytes as well as in red blood cells and other typical blood markers. High intensity exercise promotes increases in cytotoxic activity, phagocytic capacity, chemotaxis and cell apoptosis. The aim of the study was to compare the chronic effects of a 24-week training program using CrossFit® methodology on hematological variables of men vs. women. Twenty-nine CrossFit® athletes (35.3 ± 10.4 years, 175.0 ± 9.2 cm, 79.5 ± 16.4 kg) participated in the study. The blood count, the lipid profile and glucose markers were measured every two months during the study period. The erythrocyte count and hemoglobin concentrations increased in months 4 and 6 in men and women, respectively. Hematocrit levels increased in men in months 2, 4 and 6, while in women only in month 6. Red cell distribution width increased in men in month 6 when compared to the value in month 2. Segmented neutrophils increased in men in month 6 and eosinophil levels increased in women in month 6. Differences between the two sexes were observed in monocytes levels at baseline, as well as in months 2, 4 and 6. Cross-Fit® training increased red cell count indicators in both sexes, which may be related to increased erythropoiesis. Some white blood cell counts were altered and these differed between sexes. The number of lymphocytes remained stable throughout the experiment.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristiano Rafael Moré, Rita Adriana Stoeterau Moré, Daniel Boullosa, Rodolfo André Dellagrana
{"title":"Influence of Intensity on Post-Running Jump Potentiation in Recreational Runners vs. Physically Active Individuals","authors":"Cristiano Rafael Moré, Rita Adriana Stoeterau Moré, Daniel Boullosa, Rodolfo André Dellagrana","doi":"10.5114/jhk/172268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/172268","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to verify post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) in jumping and sprinting after two endurance volume-equated running protocols with different intensities, in runners vs. active individuals. Nine recreational runners (age: 34.5 ± 9.3 years, body mass: 73.1 ± 11.9 kg, body height: 1.76 ± 0.06 m, 17.4 ± 4.4 %body fat; maximum aerobic speed [MAS]: 16.4 ± 1.0 km·h−1), and 9 active individuals (age: 34.1 ± 9.4 years; body mass: 83.2 ± 7.7 kg; body height: 1.79 ± 0.06 m; 25.6 ± 5.4 %body fat; MAS: 13.3 ± 1.2 km·h−1) volunteered for participation. The evaluations were performed over three days as follows: 1) anthropometric measures, physical fitness tests, and the University of Montreal Track Test (UMTT) to determine MAS and the distance to be covered in the running protocols; 2 and 3) the countermovement jump (CMJ) and the flying 20-m sprint (SPRINT) were assessed pre- and post-running at 70% of MAS or a time trial race (TTR), equated by volume and completed in random order. A three-way ANOVA (time*group*running) was performed to analyze the PAPE effects. The results showed a time effect (F = 10 .716; p < 0.01) and a group*running interaction (F = 12.094; p < 0.01) for the CMJ, indicating that active individuals demonstrated PAPE after running at 70% of MAS, while for runners both running interventions (70% of MAS and TTR) induced PAPE in CMJ performances. For the SPRINT, a time*group interaction (F = 4.790; p = 0.044) and a group effect were observed, with runners showing greater SPRINT performances than active individuals. From the current results, it can be suggested that training background and intensity can modulate PAPE responses in jumping and sprinting after volume-equated running protocols at different intensities.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136058610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manuel Gómez-López, Jesús Rivilla-García, Iván González-García, Sergio Sánchez-López, Salvador Angosto
{"title":"Analysis of Spatial Offensive Performance in Handball: Differences between Men's and Women's Senior World Championships","authors":"Manuel Gómez-López, Jesús Rivilla-García, Iván González-García, Sergio Sánchez-López, Salvador Angosto","doi":"10.5114/jhk/170233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/170233","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to carry out a descriptive analysis of the main performance variables of national teams that competed in the Men's (Germany-Denmark 2019) and Women's (Germany 2017) senior handball World Cups, and to compare the spatial offensive performance indices of laterality and depth according to the gender of players, considering for this purpose the total number of throws made according to the finishing area. A documentary study was carried out based on the total number of throws made in 192 male and 154 female games of 48 national teams belonging to 33 countries, which participated in previous World Cups. The data were collected from the International Handball Federation (IHF) statistics. The results showed that the areas from which the highest number of shots were taken in both World Cups were the central and shallow areas of the field. Several gender differences were observed. More specifically, male teams made much more attempts from the left side area than female teams (data), who finished from the right side (data). The depth index reflected that, although the dominant execution by gender was from deep offensive zones, men's teams finished more often from the 1st offensive line, while female teams finished from the 2nd offensive line. This information will be useful for coaches in designing training tasks and for players in improving decision making.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teresa Zwierko, Wojciech Jedziniak, Jarosław Domaradzki, Michał Zwierko, Marlena Opolska, Wojciech Lubiński
{"title":"Electrophysiological Evidence of Stroboscopic Training in Elite Handball Players: Visual Evoked Potentials Study","authors":"Teresa Zwierko, Wojciech Jedziniak, Jarosław Domaradzki, Michał Zwierko, Marlena Opolska, Wojciech Lubiński","doi":"10.5114/jhk/169443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/169443","url":null,"abstract":"Stroboscopic training enhances perceptual cognition and motor skills; however, neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this adaptation are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a six-week stroboscopic training program on the conductivity of the visual pathway in elite handball players, specifically related to their visual processing of retinal location and viewing conditions. The study included 22 handball players who were randomly assigned to an experimental or a control group. Both groups performed handball-specific in-situ tasks, but only the experimental group underwent stroboscopic training. Participants were assessed three times using visually evoked potential recordings measured by P100 implicit time and amplitude under three viewing conditions (dominant eye, non-dominant eye, and binocular) and two retinal locations (extra-foveal and foveal vision) before and after the six-week training period, and again four weeks later. The results showed a significant TIME vs. GROUP effect of P100 implicit time for the dominant eye in extra-foveal vision (F2,40 = 5.20, p = 0.010, ηp2 = 0.206), extra-foveal binocular viewing (F2,40 = 3.32, p = 0.046, ηp2 = 0.142), and dominant eye foveal vision (F2,40 = 4.07, p = 0.025, ηp2 = 0.169). Stroboscopic training significantly improved early visual processing by reducing the P100 implicit time for the dominant eye and binocular vision, particularly in extra-foveal vision. The improvements were more noticeable in the short compared to the long term.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pablo Rodriguez-Gomez, Cesar Gallo-Salazar, Juan Jose Salinero
{"title":"Prospective and Retrospective Analysis of the Sporting Success of Elite Spanish High and Long Jumpers","authors":"Pablo Rodriguez-Gomez, Cesar Gallo-Salazar, Juan Jose Salinero","doi":"10.5114/jhk/170762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/170762","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to analyze the sporting progression from U14 to senior categories of elite Spanish high and long jumpers. For prospective analysis, 300 athletes ranked top 20 at U14 were analyzed (153 female and 147 male). For retrospective analysis, 64 athletes ranked in the top 20 in the senior category were included (21 female and 43 male). Ranking positions were registered in each of the seasons where they presented records. Only 6.3% (19) of athletes who reached the top 20 at U14 became successful senior athletes [4.7% (14) of athletes maintained top 20 status throughout their sporting careers from U14 to senior]. The transition rate from U14 to U16 (35.7%) was the most severe drop down in consecutive categories (after this, it ranged from 47.8 to 66.7%). Of the senior top 20 athletes (64), most of them were already ranked top 20 at U16 (59.4%, 38), at U18 (62.5%, 40), at U20 (70.3%, 45) and at U23 (78.1%, 50). Nevertheless, only 34.4% (22) were top 20 when they were U14 athletes. Transition rates in the top 20 senior athletes ranged from 86.7 to 95.5%. Around one out of four (26.6%, 17) of the top 20 senior athletes maintained top 20 status throughout their sporting careers from U14 to the senior category. Although early success is not a good predictor of senior success, successful senior athletes excelled early on and were able to remain in top rankings throughout their sporting careers of national elite jumpers.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sex Differences in Heart Rate Variability and Vascular Function Following High-Intensity Interval Training in Young Adults","authors":"Myong-Won Seo, Tae-Young Park, Hyun Chul Jung","doi":"10.5114/jhk/170964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/170964","url":null,"abstract":"High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to other training strategies in both male and female healthy individuals. Understanding sex-specific differences in cardiac auto-regulation may contribute to the optimal training strategies for HIIT. The present study aimed to identify sex differences in heart rate variability (HRV) and vascular function following HIIT in young adults. Twenty-four physically active young male and female adults (M: 12, F: 12, age: 19.5 yr, BMI: 22.1 kg∙m−2) volunteered to participate in the study. Participants performed 10 bouts of HIIT including 20 s of high-intensity cycling at 115–130% Wmax followed by 100 s of recovery. The cardiac auto-regulations including HRV and vascular function were measured at five different time points. The R-R interval, rMSSD, and SDNN were recovered faster in males than in females after 15 min of HIIT. There were sex differences in the autonomic nervous system where ln LF and ln HF activities along with sympathovagal balance (ln LF/HF) were greater in females compared with males immediately and 15 min after HIIT. However, no significant differences in blood pressure and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity were observed between male and female participants. Overall, HRV was more activated in females than in males following HIIT, but the acute response in vascular function was not different between sexes. In future studies, sex-specific adaptations of cardiac auto regulation following repeated HIIT may need to be performed.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrés Santiago Parodi-Feye, Álvaro Daniel Cappuccio-Díaz, Carlos Alberto Magallanes-Mira
{"title":"Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Physiological Performance Variables in Women's Handball.","authors":"Andrés Santiago Parodi-Feye, Álvaro Daniel Cappuccio-Díaz, Carlos Alberto Magallanes-Mira","doi":"10.5114/jhk/169366","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/169366","url":null,"abstract":"Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been used in different sports, although there is no consensus on its benefits. We investigated the effects of eight weeks of IMT in women's handball. Twenty-four players were randomly distributed into experimental (EXP; n = 13) and control (CON; n = 11) groups. Only the EXP group performed IMT using the POWERBreathe device, following indications of the manufacturers. Before and after the intervention, spirometric variables were evaluated at rest and during a graded test using direct analysis of respiratory gases. Perception of exertion at submaximal intensity was also determined. No significant differences were observed post- vs. pre-intervention (p ≥ 0.05) regarding forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the 1st second (VEF1), FVC/VEF1, maximal expiratory flow at 50% of FVC or peak inspiratory flow. Post-intervention, only the CON group increased their absolute and relative VO2max (2.1 ± 0.2 L/min pre vs. 2.2 ± 0.3 L/min post; 33.6 ± 3.6 ml/kg∙min pre vs. 34.5 ± 3.2 ml/kg∙min post, respectively). No significant improvements (p ≥ 0.05) were observed in VO2 associated with ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1), nor in the intensity associated with VO2max and VT1. However, there was a tendency for the mentioned variables to decrease in the CON group, while in the EXP group the trend was to maintain or increase previous values. IMT did not determine an improvement in the perception of exertion at submaximal intensity. The use of POWERBreathe, as described in the present study, is feasible in terms of time and effort, although its benefits may not be significant.","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44120669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enrique Alonso Pérez-Chao, Rubén Portes, Miguel Ángel Gómez, Nimai Parmar, Alberto Lorenzo, Sergio L Jiménez-Sáiz
{"title":"A Narrative Review of the Most Demanding Scenarios in Basketball: Current Trends and Future Directions.","authors":"Enrique Alonso Pérez-Chao, Rubén Portes, Miguel Ángel Gómez, Nimai Parmar, Alberto Lorenzo, Sergio L Jiménez-Sáiz","doi":"10.5114/jhk/170838","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/170838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the analysis of most demanding scenarios (MDS) in basketball has improved the practical knowledge about match demands and possible impacts for the training process, it seems important to summarize the scientific evidence providing useful information and future directions related to MDS. This review assesses the results reflected in the available literature about the MDS in basketball, synthesizing and discussing data from scientific papers, and then providing relevant insights about terminology, sex and sample size, competition category, workload variables recorded, technology used, method of calculation, time windows analyzed, and activities evaluated related to MDS. Therefore, the present narrative review would be of practical use for coaches, scientists, athletes as well as strength and conditioning trainers exploring the current trends and future directions related to MDS in basketball.</p>","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41981013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thiago Pereira Ventura, Fernando Klitzke Borszcz, Diego Antunes, Fabrizio Caputo, Tiago Turnes
{"title":"Prediction of Exercise Tolerance in the Severe and Extreme Intensity Domains by a Critical Power Model.","authors":"Thiago Pereira Ventura, Fernando Klitzke Borszcz, Diego Antunes, Fabrizio Caputo, Tiago Turnes","doi":"10.5114/jhk/170101","DOIUrl":"10.5114/jhk/170101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess the predictive capability of different critical power (CP) models on cycling exercise tolerance in the severe- and extreme-intensity domains. Nineteen cyclists (age: 23.0 ± 2.7 y) performed several time-to-exhaustion tests (Tlim) to determine CP, finite work above CP (W'), and the highest constant work rate at which maximal oxygen consumption was attained (I<sub>HIGH</sub>). Hyperbolic power-time, linear power-inverse of time, and work-time models with three predictive trials were used to determine CP and W'. Modeling with two predictive trials of the CP work-time model was also used to determine CP and W'. Actual exercise tolerance of I<sub>HIGH</sub> and intensity 5% above I<sub>HIGH</sub> (I<sub>HIGH+5%</sub>) were compared to those predicted by all CP models. Actual I<sub>HIGH</sub> (155 ± 30 s) and I<sub>HIGH+5%</sub> (120 ± 26 s) performances were not different from those predicted by all models with three predictive trials. Modeling with two predictive trials overestimated Tlim at I<sub>HIGH+5%</sub> (129 ± 33 s; p = 0.04). Bland-Altman plots of I<sub>HIGH+5%</sub> presented significant heteroscedasticity by all CP predictions, but not for I<sub>HIGH</sub>. Exercise tolerance in the severe and extreme domains can be predicted by CP derived from three predictive trials. However, this ability is impaired within the extreme domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":16055,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Kinetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48999732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}