Journal of Ginseng Research最新文献

{"title":"Antiplatelet activity of a Korean red ginseng–derived saponin fraction and its inhibition of influenza A virus–induced thrombosis","authors":"Ga Hee Lee ,&nbsp;Jueun Oh ,&nbsp;Jin Pyo Lee ,&nbsp;Na Yoon Heo ,&nbsp;SangJoon Lee ,&nbsp;Dong-Ha Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.100981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.100981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Platelets play a central role in thrombus formation, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Viral infections have been reported to further promote thrombus formation, posing a critical risk in unpredictable pandemic situations. Therefore, we evaluated whether a Korean red ginseng–derived saponin fraction could serve as a safe and effective antithrombotic agent by assessing its inhibitory effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Human platelets were examined using an aggregometer, flow cytometry, fluorescence assays, ELISA kits, and western blotting to assess cGMP, intracellular Ca²⁺ levels, fibrinogen binding, granule secretion (ATP and serotonin), and phosphorylation of IP₃R, VASP, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, and cPLA₂. Thrombin-induced clot retraction was quantified. The in vivo effects were further evaluated in influenza A virus (IAV)-infected mice using a FeCl₃-induced carotid artery thrombosis model, where thrombus formation and blood flow were monitored.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The saponin fraction markedly inhibited platelet aggregation, enhanced cGMP production, and increased phosphorylation of IP₃R and VASP Ser²³⁹. Conversely, it suppressed phosphorylation of MAPKs (JNK and p38), PI3K/Akt, and cPLA₂, thereby blocking downstream signaling pathways. In vivo, IAV infection accelerated thrombus formation and reduced blood flow, whereas administration of the saponin fraction significantly attenuated these pathological changes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The saponin fraction effectively suppressed platelet activation in vitro and thrombus formation in vivo, even under virus-induced prothrombotic conditions. These findings suggest that the saponin fraction has potential as a safe and effective natural antithrombotic agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 3","pages":"Article 100981"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147807333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural compounds for diabetes-related wounds or ulcers therapy: Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies","authors":"Jia Teng ,&nbsp;Guanchi Yan ,&nbsp;Ming Yang ,&nbsp;Shuangyue Wang ,&nbsp;Yuezhu Zhao ,&nbsp;Yanyan Wang ,&nbsp;Jia Mi","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.100990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.100990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetes-related wounds or ulcers are one of the complications of diabetes that can cause a variety of functional losses. Treatment of diabetic skin ulcer (DSU) focuses on alleviating foot pressure and enhancing local circulation. Despite the availability of these treatments, the number of drugs for wound application is limited. In recent years, natural compounds obtained from plants have demonstrated positive effects on DSU and have effective in preclinical and clinical studies.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The objective of the study was to assess the diabetes-related wounds or ulcers of natural compounds and the potential mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>and Methods: The study searched PubMed database up to January 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the review, the efficacy and safety of natural compounds in treating diabetes-related wounds or ulcers are summarized from 42 preclinical and 13 clinical studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, these preclinical and clinical studies advocate for the use of natural compounds in diabetes-related wounds or ulcers, indicating that ursolic acid, paeoniflorin, and <em>Curcuma zedoaria</em> polysaccharide (ZWP) could be effective and well-tolerated potential medications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 3","pages":"Article 100990"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147807335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic profiling reveals the mechanism of ginsenoside synthesis in Panax notoginseng","authors":"Zheng-Wei Liang ,&nbsp;Shi-Cheng Tang ,&nbsp;Yan Ma ,&nbsp;Teng Wang ,&nbsp;Zheng Lv ,&nbsp;Yan-Hui Guan ,&nbsp;Jun-Wen Chen ,&nbsp;Ming Zhao ,&nbsp;Sheng-Chao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Panax notoginseng</em>, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, holds significant historical and clinical value due to its ability to promote blood circulation, alleviate blood stasis, and provide neuroprotective effects. The primary bioactive constituents of this herb are <em>P. notoginseng</em> saponins (PNS). However, the mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis and regulation of PNS remain inadequately understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The contents of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd in <em>P. notoginseng</em> roots were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The protein composition of <em>P. notoginseng</em> roots was digested and labeled by tandem mass tags, and high pH reverse phase separation, analyzed using low pH nano high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (pH nano-HPLC-MS/MS) analysis system. Key protein data and regulatory pathways in the roots of <em>P. notoginseng</em> were analyzed to identify the essential enzymes and their corresponding genes involved in ginsenoside synthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 7578 proteins were identified, among which 252 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were characterized. Specifically, 155 were found to be downregulated, while 93 were upregulated in the comparison of high to low (H/L) ginsenoside content. The DEPs were primarily associated with biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components, as classified by Gene Ontology. Additionally, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed a significant involvement of the ribosomal pathway. Notably, 19 enzymes identified among the DEPs are linked to ginsenoside biosynthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study analyzed the differences in the content of five major ginsenosides in <em>P. notoginseng</em> roots and identified the key proteins (enzymes) involved in regulating ginsenoside synthesis. The findings highlight the regulatory roles of the cytochrome P450 (<em>CYP450</em>) and UDP-glycosyltransferase (<em>UGT</em>) enzyme families in the biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites, providing valuable insights into the biosynthesis of the active medicinal components in <em>P. notoginseng</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 3","pages":"Article 101017"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147807302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenosides exhibit potential therapeutic potential in photoaging by regulating keratinocyte ferroptosis","authors":"Lulu Tang ,&nbsp;Xianjie Chen ,&nbsp;Keyue Chen ,&nbsp;Xinlei Zheng ,&nbsp;Min Ye ,&nbsp;Zhongqiu Liu ,&nbsp;Wang Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Skin photoaging is a chronic inflammatory state induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Ferroptosis has recently emerged as a critical mechanism implicated in the pathogenesis of photoaging. Ginsenosides, active compounds in ginseng, hold potential for treating skin photoaging, but their molecular mechanisms in regulating ferroptosis remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze murine skin after UVB irradiation, focusing on keratinocyte subpopulations and ferroptosis-related genes. Molecular docking assessed ginsenoside binding to ferroptosis regulators. Embryotoxicity of ginsenosides was evaluated using zebrafish embryos. Ferroptosis gene expression in UVB-exposed keratinocytes with or without ginsenoside treatment was analyzed by Western blot and RT-qPCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>scRNA-seq revealed a significant increase in keratinocyte numbers and ferroptosis signals following UVB irradiation. We observed that UVB exposure reduced SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression while increasing HMGB1 in keratinocytes. Molecular docking experiments further indicated that ginsenosides C-K and C-Mc can target ferroptosis-related proteins, and are non-toxic in zebrafish embryos. Treatment with ginsenosides effectively attenuated skin photoaging by modulating the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis and suppressing HMGB1 expression, thereby reducing UVB-induced reactive oxygen species levels and restoring keratinocyte viability. Additionally, we also identified three differentiation trajectories of keratinocytes and found that bone marrow-derived cell Gas6 signaling may influence ferroptosis via the Axl/Tyro3 pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that ginsenosides may represent promising therapeutic candidates for alleviating UVB-induced skin photoaging via modulation of the ferroptosis-associated SLC7A11/GPX4 axis and HMGB1 expression, providing novel mechanistic insights and therapeutic strategies against skin photoaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 3","pages":"Article 100914"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147807337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Panax notoginseng saponins on functional outcome in obese patients with acute ischemic stroke","authors":"Sijin Wang ,&nbsp;Peipei Du ,&nbsp;Longfei Wu ,&nbsp;Ziwen Xu ,&nbsp;Yixuan Li ,&nbsp;Ying Gao ,&nbsp;Xunming Ji ,&nbsp;Haiqing Song ,&nbsp;Chi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.100991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.100991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obesity exacerbates acute ischemic stroke (AIS) outcomes through metabolic dysfunction and chronic inflammation. Although <em>Panax notoginseng</em> saponins (PNS) have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of AIS in the large-scale PANDA trial (N = 3,072; ChiCTR1800016363), their benefits in patients with obesity specifically, remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PNS on functional outcomes in patients with obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This analysis utilized individual patient data from the PANDA trial. Participants were stratified by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and a combination of both metrics. The primary outcome was functional independence, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2 at 90 days. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 2,779 patients (mean age 60.7 ± 9.3 years), 58.3% were classified as overweight or obese by BMI, and 65% met criteria for abdominal obesity based on WC. PNS significantly improved rates of functional independence at 90 days across overweight (aOR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.39–3.06), obesity (aOR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.11–4.41), and abdominal obesity (aOR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.73–3.28) subgroups. Consistent benefits were observed in patients with abdominal obesity irrespective of BMI category: lower BMI (aOR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.34–4.61) and higher BMI (aOR = 2.40; 95% CI: 1.64–3.54).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results indicate that PNS may improve 90-day functional outcomes in patients with AIS and obesity, including those with abdominal obesity, warranting further prospective validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 3","pages":"Article 100991"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147807343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenoside Rs3 (G-Rs3) inhibits agonist- and oxLDL-mediated platelet activation and attenuates in vivo arterial thrombosis","authors":"Jung-Hae Shin ,&nbsp;Abdul Wahab Akram ,&nbsp;Evelyn Saba ,&nbsp;Myung Chul Kim ,&nbsp;Sung Dae Kim ,&nbsp;Sang Joon Park ,&nbsp;Dongmi Kwak ,&nbsp;Hyuk-woo Kwon ,&nbsp;Man Hee Rhee","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Platelet hyperactivation and thrombo-inflammatory processes are critical drivers of cardiovascular diseases. Although conventional antiplatelet therapies reduce thrombotic risk, their use is limited by bleeding complications and drug resistance. Ginsenoside Rs3 (G-Rs3) exhibits anti-inflammatory potential; however, the specific mechanisms underlying the antiplatelet and thrombo-inflammatory activity of ginsenoside Rs3 (G-Rs3) remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Human platelets were treated with G-Rs3 <em>in vitro</em> to evaluate its effects on aggregation, intracellular signaling, granule secretion, and thrombo-inflammatory signaling markers. Network pharmacological analyses were performed to predict pathway-level modulations. The <em>in vivo</em> antithrombotic efficacy of G-Rs3 was assessed using a murine FeCl₃-induced thrombosis model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>G-Rs3 inhibited platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner following stimulation with collagen, thrombin, and U46619. It suppressed Ca²⁺ mobilization, dense granule secretion, and phosphorylation of key signaling molecules, including InsP₃R, ERK1/2, MAPKs, PI3K, Akt, GSK3, and Syk. Additionally, G-Rs3 inhibited integrin αIIbβ3 activation, reduced platelet adhesion, and enhanced cyclic nucleotide–mediated negative regulation, as evidenced by elevated VASP phosphorylation and increased cAMP/cGMP levels. Notably, G-Rs3 attenuated oxLDL-enhanced upregulation of the pro-inflammatory platelet markers CD62P and CD162, highlighting its potential to suppress platelet-driven thrombo-inflammatory responses under atherogenic conditions. Further, network pharmacology analysis revealed that G-Rs3 targets multiple interconnected thrombo-inflammatory pathways, including MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Ras, calcium, and cyclic nucleotide signaling. <em>In vivo</em>, G-Rs3 significantly delayed thrombus formation and moderately prolonged occlusion time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings highlight G-Rs3 as a novel natural antithrombotic agent with anti-thrombo-inflammatory properties. Further studies are required to determine its translational potential and establish its therapeutic viability and safety profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 3","pages":"Article 101020"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147807301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GinDB-AI: An integrated ginsenoside database and AI-driven platform for multidimensional information and biological activity prediction","authors":"Nguyen Doan Hieu Nguyen ,&nbsp;Vinoth Kumar Sangaraju ,&nbsp;Duong Thanh Tran ,&nbsp;Nhat Truong Pham ,&nbsp;Jae Youl Cho ,&nbsp;Balachandran Manavalan","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.100986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.100986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>GinDB is a comprehensive database containing 753 standardized ginsenosides with curated and corrected data from 1963 to 2024. Integrated with GinDB-AI, a deep learning module for predicting bioactivity and physicochemical properties, the platform enables rapid structure-activity analysis and visualization. The freely accessible resource accelerates ginsenoside-based drug discovery and natural product research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 3","pages":"Article 100986"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147807303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No distinct estrogenic or androgenic activity was observed in Korean Red Ginseng metabolites prepared using a S9 system","authors":"NamKyu Lee ,&nbsp;YiSi Yang ,&nbsp;DeYu Tian ,&nbsp;Sun Hee Hyun ,&nbsp;Youn Ji Lee ,&nbsp;YoungJoo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.100989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.100989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We determined whether Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) extract and ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1, or Rg3) have estrogen receptor-mediated or androgen receptor-mediated activities using OECD TG455/458 assays with S9 metabolic activation. They did not elicit both hormonal receptor-mediated responses. KRG extract and ginsenosides do not have male and female sex hormone-like activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 3","pages":"Article 100989"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147807338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"20(S)-protopanaxatriol ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy by activating the AMPK/PGC-1α/PPARγ signaling pathway","authors":"Xue Yan ,&nbsp;Huajie Zheng ,&nbsp;Ju Ye,&nbsp;Donglin Zhang,&nbsp;Rong Lv,&nbsp;Li Yang,&nbsp;Qiong Lai,&nbsp;Lili Ding,&nbsp;Zhengtao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2025.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pathological cardiac hypertrophy, a critical precursor to heart failure, presents a significant therapeutic challenge. The triterpenoid 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT), derived from Panax ginseng Meyer, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. However, its efficacy against cardiac hypertrophy and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear, limiting clinical translation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We evaluated PPT’s anti-hypertrophic effects in murine models of transverse aortic constriction (TAC), phenylephrine (PE)-infusion, and myocardial infarction (MI). In vitro analyses assessed oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). Network pharmacology identified targets, with AMPK inhibitors validating pathway involvement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 18 tested ginsenosides, PPT demonstrated the strongest anti-hypertrophic activity in vitro. In murine models, PPT attenuated myocardial remodeling, improved echocardiographic parameters, and delayed heart failure progression. Mechanistically, PPT suppressed ROS, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, and promoted fatty acid oxidation through AMPK/PGC-1α/PPARγ activation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PPT mitigates cardiac hypertrophy by modulating oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and energy metabolism through AMPK/PGC-1α/PPARγ signaling, highlighting its therapeutic promise for cardiac pathologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 3","pages":"Article 100920"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147807339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alleviating effects of KGC19b on periodontal inflammation through anti-inflammatory and induction of osteogenic differentiation in in vitro and in vivo experimental models","authors":"Da Eun Lee ,&nbsp;Eun-Nam Kim ,&nbsp;Nguyen Minh Trang ,&nbsp;Jong Han Kim ,&nbsp;Gi-Bang Koo ,&nbsp;You Hee Jung ,&nbsp;Gil-Saeng Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Panax ginseng</em> Meyer of the Araliaceae family have various biological activities and pharmacological actions such as anticancer, immunomodulation, and anti-inflammatory. In many studies on ginseng, studies on ginseng fruit are still new, and the effect and potential of ginseng fruit on periodontitis in HPDL cells have been investigated <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo.</em></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>HPDL cells were stimulated with PG-LPS for 12 h to evaluate the effects of KGC19b (50–200 μg/mL) on periodontitis. Cell viability, pro-inflammatory markers, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and osteogenesis-related markers were assessed. In the rat model, periodontitis was induced using ligature and PG-LPS, and KGC19b was administered orally for 6 days. The effects of KGC19b were evaluated by micro-CT analysis and H&amp;E staining.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>KGC19b reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, restored osteogenic markers, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, and decreased ROS in HPDL cells. In the rat model, KGC19b alleviated periodontal inflammation and prevented bone mass loss.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this study, KGC19b shows the possibility of improving and treating periodontitis through anti-inflammatory, osteogenesis, and antibacterial effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"50 3","pages":"Article 101014"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147807340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}