Journal of Ginseng Research最新文献

{"title":"Cytokinin signaling promotes root secondary growth and bud formation in Panax ginseng","authors":"Kyoung Rok Geem ,&nbsp;Yookyung Lim ,&nbsp;Jeongeui Hong ,&nbsp;Wonsil Bae ,&nbsp;Jinsu Lee ,&nbsp;Soeun Han ,&nbsp;Jinsu Gil ,&nbsp;Hyunwoo Cho ,&nbsp;Hojin Ryu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Panax ginseng</em>, one of the valuable perennial medicinal plants, stores numerous pharmacological substrates in its storage roots. Given its perennial growth habit, organ regeneration occurs each year, and cambium stem cell activity is necessary for secondary growth and storage root formation. Cytokinin (CK) is a phytohormone involved in the maintenance of meristematic cells for the development of storage organs; however, its physiological role in storage-root secondary growth remains unknown.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Exogenous CK was repeatedly applied to <em>P. ginseng</em>, and morphological and histological changes were observed. RNA-seq analysis was used to elucidate the transcriptional network of CK that regulates <em>P. ginseng</em> growth and development. The <em>HISTIDINE KINASE 3</em> (<em>PgHK3</em>) and <em>RESPONSE REGULATOR 2</em> (<em>PgRR2</em>) genes were cloned in <em>P. ginseng</em> and functionally analyzed in <em>Arabidopsis</em> as a two-component system involved in CK signaling.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Phenotypic and histological analyses showed that CK increased cambium activity and dormant axillary bud formation in P. ginseng, thus promoting storage-root secondary growth and bud formation. The evolutionarily conserved two-component signaling pathways in <em>P. ginseng</em> were sufficient to restore CK signaling in the <em>Arabidopsis ahk2/3</em> double mutant and rescue its growth defects. Finally, RNA-seq analysis of CK-treated <em>P. ginseng</em> roots revealed that plant-type cell wall biogenesis-related genes are tightly connected with mitotic cell division, cytokinesis, and auxin signaling to regulate CK-mediated <em>P. ginseng</em> development.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Overall, we identified the CK signaling-related two-component systems and their physiological role in <em>P. ginseng</em>. This scientific information has the potential to significantly improve the field-cultivation and biotechnology-based breeding of ginseng.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"48 2","pages":"Pages 220-228"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845323001495/pdfft?md5=1e1c1f95cbb9c8d1a6b5435ff343ff0c&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845323001495-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Korean Red Ginseng suppresses emphysematous lesions induced by cigarette smoke condensate through inhibition of macrophage-driven apoptosis pathways","authors":"Jeong-Won Kim,&nbsp;Jin-Hwa Kim,&nbsp;Chang-Yeop Kim,&nbsp;Ji-Soo Jeong,&nbsp;Je-Won Ko,&nbsp;Tae-Won Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cigarette smoke is generally accepted as a major contributor to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by emphysematous lesions. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) against cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-induced emphysema.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Mice were instilled with 50 mg/kg of CSC intranasally once a week for 4 weeks, KRG was administered to the mice once daily for 4 weeks at doses of 100 or 300 mg/kg, and dexamethasone (DEX, positive control) was administered to the mice once daily for 2 weeks at 3 mg/kg.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>KRG markedly decreased the macrophage population in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and reduced emphysematous lesions in the lung tissues. KRG suppressed CSC-induced apoptosis as revealed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling staining and Caspase 3 immunohistochemistry. Additionally, KRG effectively inhibited CSC-mediated activation of Bcl-2-associated X protein/Caspase 3 signaling, followed by the induction of cell survival signaling, including vascular endothelial growth factor/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. The DEX group also showed similar improved results <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Taken together, KRG effectively inhibits macrophage-mediated emphysema induced by CSC exposure, possibly via the suppression of pro-apoptotic signaling, which results in cell survival pathway activation. These findings suggest that KRG has therapeutic potential for the prevention of emphysema in COPD patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"48 2","pages":"Pages 181-189"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845323001483/pdfft?md5=87abf3d4bfd376283d7f1fbaac104bbd&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845323001483-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135510437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginseng and ginsenosides on cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases; Pharmacological potentials for the coronavirus (COVID-19)","authors":"Ajay Vijayakumar,&nbsp;Jong-Hoon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since its outbreak in late 2019, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly caused global morbidity and deaths. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has major complications in cardiovascular and pulmonary system. The increased rate of mortality is due to delayed detection of certain biomarkers that are crucial in the development of disease. Furthermore, certain proteins and enzymes in cellular signaling pathways play an important role in replication of SARS-CoV-2. Most cases are mild to moderate symptoms, however severe cases of COVID-19 leads to death. Detecting the level of biomarkers such as C-reactive protein, cardiac troponin, creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, procalcitonin and Matrix metalloproteinases helps in early detection of the severity of disease. Similarly, through downregulating Renin-angiotensin system, interleukin, Mitogen-activated protein kinases and Phosphoinositide 3-kinases pathways, COVID-19 can be effectively controlled and mortality could be prevented. Ginseng and ginsenosides possess therapeutic potential in cardiac and pulmonary complications, there are several studies performed in which they have suppressed these biomarkers and downregulated the pathways, thereby inhibiting the further spread of disease. Supplementation with ginseng or ginsenoside could act on multiple pathways to reduce the level of biomarkers significantly and alleviate cardiac and pulmonary damage. Therefore, this review summarizes the potential of ginseng extract and ginsenosides in controlling the cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases by COVID-19.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"48 2","pages":"Pages 113-121"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845323001471/pdfft?md5=f6d5060b075728d8cb41e982a6c1516f&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845323001471-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135326138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botrytis cinerea hypovirulent strain △BcSpd1 induced Panax ginseng defense","authors":"Shuhan Zhang ,&nbsp;Junyou Han ,&nbsp;Ning Liu ,&nbsp;Jingyuan Sun ,&nbsp;Huchen Chen ,&nbsp;Jinglin Xia ,&nbsp;Huiyan Ju ,&nbsp;Shouan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Gray mold, caused by <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, is one of the major fungal diseases in agriculture. Biological methods are preferred over chemical fungicides to control gray mold since they are less toxic to the environment and could induce the resistance to pathogens in plants. In this work, we try to understand if ginseng defense to <em>B. cinerea</em> could be induced by fungal hypovirulent strain △<em>BcSpd1</em>. <em>BcSpd1</em> encodes Zn(II)₂Cys₆ transcription factor which regulates fungal pathogenicity and we recently reported △<em>BcSpd1</em> mutants reduced fungal virulence.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We performed transcriptomic analysis of the host to investigate the induced defense response of ginseng treated by <em>B. cinerea</em> △<em>BcSpd1</em>. The metabolites in ginseng flavonoids pathway were determined by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and the antifungal activates were then performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found that △<em>BcSpd1</em> enhanced the ginseng defense response when applied to healthy ginseng leaves and further changed the metabolism of flavonoids. Compared with untreated plants, the application of △<em>BcSpd1</em> on ginseng leaves significantly increased the accumulation of p-coumaric acid and myricetin, which could inhibit the fungal growth.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><em>B. cinerea</em> △<em>BcSpd1</em> could effectively induce the medicinal plant defense and is referred to as the biological control agent in ginseng disease management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"47 6","pages":"Pages 773-783"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845323001112/pdfft?md5=467ee89358f54102b157182d8b842366&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845323001112-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49547468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive function improvement effects of gintonin-enriched fraction in subjective memory impairment: An assessor- and participant-blinded placebo-controlled study","authors":"Rami Lee ,&nbsp;Han Sang Lee ,&nbsp;Won-Woo Kim ,&nbsp;Manho Kim ,&nbsp;Seung-Yeol Nah","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Gintonin is a new material of ginseng that acts through the ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand. The gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) inhibits amyloid plaque accumulation in the cortex and hippocampus, improves cognitive dysfunction by increasing acetylcholine levels, and promoted hippocampal neurogenesis in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. We evaluated the effect of the GEF on the cognitive performance of subjects with subjective memory impairment (SMI).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this eight-week, randomized, assessor- and participant-blinded, placebo-controlled study, participants with SMI were assigned to three groups receiving placebo, GEF 300 mg/day or GEF 600 mg/day. The Korean versions of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (K-ADAS), Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), and Stroop color-word test (K-SCWT) were also evaluated along with the safety profiles.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>One hundred thirty-six participants completed the study. After eight weeks, we analyzed intergroup differences in primary or secondary outcome score changes. When we compared the GEF group with the placebo group, we observed significant improvements in the K-ADAS and K-SCWT scores. The GEF group did not show a significant improvement in K-MMSE and BDI scores compared to the placebo group. No adverse events were observed in the gintonin and placebo groups for eight weeks.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The GEF is safe and effective in improving subjective cognitive impairment related to both the K-ADAS and K-SCWT in this study. However, further large-scale and randomized controlled studies are warranted to secure other cognitive function tests besides the K-ADAS and K-SCWT, and to confirm the findings of the current study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"47 6","pages":"Pages 735-742"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845323000714/pdfft?md5=d2b3918bb8b69c816e94269665a32893&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845323000714-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47178326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to Editor: Antiviral activities of ginseng and its potential benefit against monkeypox virus: A mini review","authors":"Zubair Ahmed Ratan ,&nbsp;Rajib Chandra Das ,&nbsp;Jae Youl Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"47 6","pages":"Page 686"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845323001100/pdfft?md5=0f0de5524f27ced1a65121a631dac186&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845323001100-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45176196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The purified extract of steamed Panax ginseng protects cardiomyocyte from ischemic injury via caveolin-1 phosphorylation-mediating calcium influx","authors":"Hai-Xia Li ,&nbsp;Yan Ma ,&nbsp;Yu-Xiao Yan ,&nbsp;Xin-Ke Zhai ,&nbsp;Meng-Yu Xin ,&nbsp;Tian Wang ,&nbsp;Dong-Cao Xu ,&nbsp;Yu-Tong Song ,&nbsp;Chun-Dong Song ,&nbsp;Cheng-Xue Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Caveolin-1, the scaffolding protein of cholesterol-rich invaginations, plays an important role in store-operated Ca²⁺ influx and its phosphorylation at Tyr14 (p-caveolin-1) is vital to mobilize protection against myocardial ischemia (MI) injury. SOCE, comprising STIM1, ORAI1 and TRPC1, contributes to intracellular Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]_i) accumulation in cardiomyocytes. The purified extract of steamed <em>Panax ginseng</em> (EPG) attenuated [Ca²⁺]_i overload against MI injury. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of EPG affecting p-caveolin-1 to further mediate SOCE/[Ca²⁺]_i against MI injury in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and a rat model.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PP2, an inhibitor of p-caveolin-1, was used. Cell viability, [Ca²⁺]_i concentration were analyzed in cardiomyocytes. In rats, myocardial infarct size, pathological damages, apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis were evaluated, p-caveolin-1 and STIM1 were detected by immunofluorescence, and the levels of caveolin-1, STIM1, ORAI1 and TRPC1 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. And, release of LDH, cTnI and BNP was measured.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>EPG, ginsenosides accounting for 57.96%, suppressed release of LDH, cTnI and BNP, and protected cardiomyocytes by inhibiting Ca²⁺ influx. And, EPG significantly relieved myocardial infarct size, cardiac apoptosis, fibrosis, and ultrastructure abnormality. Moreover, EPG negatively regulated SOCE <em>via</em> increasing p-caveolin-1 protein, decreasing ORAI1 mRNA and protein levels of ORAI1, TRPC1 and STIM1. More importantly, inhibition of the p-caveolin-1 significantly suppressed all of the above cardioprotection of EPG.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Caveolin-1 phosphorylation is involved in the protective effects of EPG against MI injury <em>via</em> increasing p-caveolin-1 to negatively regulate SOCE/[Ca²⁺]_i.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"47 6","pages":"Pages 755-765"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845323000775/pdfft?md5=bcb54304c2d1e4cb007c3318a7f5c33c&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845323000775-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46519949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on antiviral activities of ginseng and putative benefits against monkeypox virus","authors":"Amnuay Kleebayoon ,&nbsp;Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"47 6","pages":"Page 685"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845323000787/pdfft?md5=9921a520c33e9b0335ae3457f71cf0c3&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845323000787-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46308600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral activities of ginseng and its potential and putative benefits against monkeypox virus: A mini review","authors":"Rajib Chandra Das ,&nbsp;Zubair Ahmed Ratan ,&nbsp;Md Mustafizur Rahman ,&nbsp;Nusrat Jahan Runa ,&nbsp;Susmita Mondal ,&nbsp;Konstantin Konstantinov ,&nbsp;Hassan Hosseinzadeh ,&nbsp;Jae Youl Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the Covid-19 pandemic more than 6 million people have died, and it has bought unprecedented challenges to our lives. The recent outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) has brought out new tensions among the scientific community. Currently, there is no specific treatment protocol for MPXV. Several antivirals, vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) and smallpox vaccines have been used to treat MPXV. Ginseng, one of the more famous among traditional medicines, has been used for infectious disease for thousands of years. It has shown promising antiviral effects. Ginseng could be used as a potential adaptogenic agent to help prevent infection by MPXV along with other drugs and vaccines. In this mini review, we explore the possible use of ginseng in MPXV prevention based on its antiviral activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"47 6","pages":"Pages 687-693"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10065872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9714566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenoside Rg5 promotes wound healing in diabetes by reducing the negative regulation of SLC7A11 on the efferocytosis of dendritic cells","authors":"Wei Xia ,&nbsp;Zongdong Zhu ,&nbsp;Song Xiang ,&nbsp;Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgr.2023.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Background: ginsenoside Rg5 is a rare ginsenoside with known hypoglycemic effects in diabetic mice. This study aimed to explore the effects of ginsenoside Rg5 on skin wound-healing in the <em>Lepr</em>^{<em>db/db</em>} mutant (<em>db/db</em>) mice (C57BL/KsJ background) model and the underlying mechanisms.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Seven-week-old male C57BL/6J, <em>SLC7A11</em>-knockout (KO), the littermate wild-type (WT), and <em>db/db</em> mice were used for <em>in vivo</em> and <em>ex vivo</em> studies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Ginsenoside Rg5 provided through oral gavage in <em>db/db</em> mice significantly alleviated the abundance of apoptotic cells in the wound areas and facilitated skin wound healing. 50 μM ginsenoside Rg5 treatment nearly doubled the efferocytotic capability of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from <em>db/db</em> mice. It also reduced NF-κB p65 and <em>SLC7A11</em> expression in the wounded areas of <em>db/db</em> mice dose-dependently. Ginsenoside Rg5 physically interacted with SLC7A11 and suppressed the cystine uptake and glutamate secretion of BMDCs from <em>db/db</em> and <em>SLC7A1</em>1-WT mice but not in BMDCs from <em>SLC7A11-</em>KO mice. In BMDCs and conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s), ginsenoside Rg5 reduced their glycose storage and enhanced anaerobic glycolysis. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor CP-91149 almost abolished the effect of ginsenoside Rg5 on promoting efferocytosis. Conclusion: ginsenoside Rg5 can suppress the expression of SLC7A11 and inhibit its activity via physical binding. These effects collectively alleviate the negative regulations of SLC7A11 on anaerobic glycolysis, which fuels the efferocytosis of dendritic cells. Therefore, ginsenoside Rg5 has a potential adjuvant therapeutic reagent to support patients with wound-healing problems, such as diabetic foot ulcers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ginseng Research","volume":"47 6","pages":"Pages 784-794"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845323000726/pdfft?md5=22b32861715ef40999b1d8b10c43661e&pid=1-s2.0-S1226845323000726-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42586187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}