Therapeutic applications of ginseng for skeletal muscle-related disorder management

IF 6.8 2区 医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL
Syed Sayeed Ahmad , Hee Jin Chun , Khurshid Ahmad , Inho Choi
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Abstract

Skeletal muscle (SM) is the largest organ of the body and is largely responsible for the metabolism required to maintain body functions. Furthermore, the maintenance of SM is dependent on the activation of muscle satellite (stem) cells (MSCs) and the subsequent proliferation and fusion of differentiating myoblasts into mature myofibers (myogenesis). Natural compounds are being used as therapeutic options to promote SM regeneration during aging, muscle atrophy, sarcopenia, cachexia, or obesity. In particular, ginseng-derived compounds have been utilized in these contexts, though ginsenoside Rg1 is mostly used for SM mass management. These compounds primarily function by activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, upregulating myogenin and MyoD to induce muscle hypertrophy, downregulating atrophic factors (atrogin1, muscle ring-finger protein-1, myostatin, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production), and suppressing the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cachexia. Ginsenoside compounds are also used for obesity management, and their anti-obesity effects are attributed to peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) inhibition, AMPK activation, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation, and increased phosphorylations of insulin resistance (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and Akt. This review was undertaken to provide an overview of the use of ginseng-related compounds for the management of SM-related disorders.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

人参在骨骼肌相关疾病治疗中的应用
骨骼肌(SM)是人体最大的器官,主要负责维持身体功能所需的新陈代谢。此外,骨骼肌的维持有赖于肌肉卫星(干)细胞(间充质干细胞)的激活以及随后的增殖和分化成成熟肌纤维的肌母细胞的融合(肌生成)。天然化合物正被用作治疗选择,以促进衰老、肌肉萎缩、肌肉疏松症、恶病质或肥胖期间的肌肉卫星(干细胞)再生。人参皂苷 Rg1 主要用于 SM 质量管理。这些化合物的主要功能是激活 Akt/mTOR 信号通路,上调肌原蛋白和 MyoD 以诱导肌肉肥大,下调萎缩因子(atrogin1、肌环指蛋白-1、肌生长因子和线粒体活性氧的产生),以及抑制恶病质中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的表达。人参皂苷化合物也被用于肥胖控制,其抗肥胖作用归因于过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体γ(PPARγ)抑制、AMPK激活、葡萄糖转运体4型(GLUT4)转位,以及胰岛素抵抗(IR)、胰岛素受体底物-1(IRS-1)和Akt的磷酸化增加。本综述旨在概述人参相关化合物用于治疗 SM 相关疾病的情况。
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来源期刊
Journal of Ginseng Research
Journal of Ginseng Research CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL-INTEGRATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE
CiteScore
11.40
自引率
9.50%
发文量
111
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Ginseng Research (JGR) is an official, open access journal of the Korean Society of Ginseng and is the only international journal publishing scholarly reports on ginseng research in the world. The journal is a bimonthly peer-reviewed publication featuring high-quality studies related to basic, pre-clinical, and clinical researches on ginseng to reflect recent progresses in ginseng research. JGR publishes papers, either experimental or theoretical, that advance our understanding of ginseng science, including plant sciences, biology, chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, veterinary medicine, biochemistry, manufacture, and clinical study of ginseng since 1976. It also includes the new paradigm of integrative research, covering alternative medicinal approaches. Article types considered for publication include review articles, original research articles, and brief reports. JGR helps researchers to understand mechanisms for traditional efficacy of ginseng and to put their clinical evidence together. It provides balanced information on basic science and clinical applications to researchers, manufacturers, practitioners, teachers, scholars, and medical doctors.
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