Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Socioenvironmental Factors are Associated With Dopamine Transporter Availability in Healthy Individuals but not in Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Salih Cayir, Melike Tezel, David Matuskey","doi":"10.1177/08919887241281062","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08919887241281062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Social factors can influence the brain's dopaminergic function. This study investigated the relationship between socioenvironmental factors and dopamine transporter (DaT) availability in healthy individuals (n = 74) and those with Parkinson's disease (PD) (n = 240).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) DaT data and clinical data used in this study were obtained from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) dataset. Socioenvironmental data was obtained from Social Explorer analyses of the American Community Survey (2014-2018) using the residential ZIP codes of the subjects available in the PPMI dataset.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants resided in 302 ZIP code tabulation areas across 38 U.S. states. In healthy individuals<b>,</b> DaT signals were significant and negatively correlated in the caudate with median household income (r = -0.27, <i>P</i> = 0.02) and educational level of the living area (r = -0.23, <i>P</i> = 0.04), but not significant in the putamen (r = -0.21, <i>P</i> = 0.08; r = -0.11, <i>P</i> = 0.37 respectively). Also, there was a significant positive correlation between DaT signals in caudate and poverty rates (r = 0.29, <i>P</i> = 0.01), but not in the putamen (r = 0.16, <i>P</i> = 0.19) in healthy subjects. No significant associations were observed in the PD group for any variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study findings suggest that socioenvironmental factors, such as median household income, education level, and poverty rate, are significantly associated with DaT availability in the caudate of healthy individuals but not in those with PD. This indicates that PD might disrupt the connection between the social environment and dopaminergic function. These results underscore the importance of considering socioenvironmental variables when studying dopaminergic function in the human brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"143-149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia Among Non-Hispanic White and Black Populations Aged 50-64 in the United States, 2006-2016.","authors":"Jingkai Wei, Matthew C Lohman, Monique J Brown, James W Hardin, Chih-Hsiang Yang, Anwar T Merchant, Daniela B Friedman","doi":"10.1177/08919887241267315","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08919887241267315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Non-Hispanic Black populations (NHB) have a significantly higher prevalence of dementia than non-Hispanic Whites in the U.S., and the underlying risk factors may play a role in this racial disparity. We aimed to calculate risk scores for dementia among non-Hispanic White (NHW) and non-Hispanic Black populations aged 50-64 years over a period of 10 years, and to estimate potential differences of scores between NHW and NHB.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>The Health and Retirement Study from 2006 to 2016 was used to calculate the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE) risk score, a validated score for predicting dementia risk. Weighted average CAIDE score, as well as CAIDE score for modifiable factors hypertension, obese, hypercholesterolemia, physical inactivity), and non-modifiable factors (age, sex, education) were calculated for adults aged 50-64 years with normal cognition for 2006-2008, 2010-2012, 2014-2016. The associations of race with CAIDE score and elevated CAIDE score were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10,871 participants were included in the analysis. The CAIDE score showed declining trends for NHB from 2006 to 2016, while NHB consistently had a higher total CAIDE score and CAIDE score for modifiable factors from 2006 to 2016, but not for non-modifiable factors.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>NHB had a higher level of dementia risk factors than NHW among adults aged 50-64 years in the U.S. from 2006 to 2016, and the difference is attributable to modifiable risk factors, which holds promise for risk reduction of dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing Arts on Prescription at Home for People Living With Dementia: A Hybrid-Effectiveness Feasibility Study.","authors":"Claire Mc O'Connor, Roslyn G Poulos, Michelle Heldon, Costanza Preti, Elizabeth Beattie, Christopher J Poulos","doi":"10.1177/08919887241267335","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08919887241267335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arts on prescription at home (AoP@Home) is a participatory art-based approach involving a professional artist engaging a person with dementia (and their family carer) in art-making in their own home. This study evaluated the implementation of AoP@Home within a real-world community aged care context. A hybrid effectiveness-implementation design was used to simultaneously test both the AoP@Home intervention and the implementation process. AoP@Home program outcomes included person with dementia and family carer (dyad) health and wellbeing, and personal goal attainment. Implementation outcomes were evaluated according to feasibility, fidelity, acceptability, uptake, and costs via routinely collected data, artist notes, and interviews with program managers, artists, and participant dyads. Four dyads completed an AoP@Home program during the study period. All participants with dementia reported improvements in their overall health and wellbeing, and wellbeing scores improved for all carers from baseline to post-program. Implementation was feasible using existing government funding mechanisms, and programs were acceptable to all stakeholders. It is possible to deliver participatory arts programs for community-dwelling people with dementia and their family, in their home, using sustainable and available funding models. Programs such as AoP@Home should be made more accessible alongside broader allied health and care services.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"115-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Deficiency in the Acute Phase of Stroke May Predict Post-stroke Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yongjun Tan, Xiaojun Jing, Jiani Wang, Li Zhou, Yilin Wang, Hua Zhang, Qin Yang","doi":"10.1177/08919887241275044","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08919887241275044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct the association between vitamin D levels in the acute phase of stroke and post-stroke depression (PSD) in stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five international databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE(R), Cochrane Library) and one Chinese database (Wanfang Data) were searched for observational studies in any language reporting on PSD and vitamin D levels tested in the acute phase of stroke in stroke patients from inception to May 2024. Data extraction and study quality assessment were conducted by two authors independently. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of data were performed. The meta-analysis was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023398581).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 7 studies containing 3537 participants in the systematic review and meta-analysis. All studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were conducted in China. Vitamin D levels in the acute phase of stroke were lower in PSD patients compared with non-PSD patients (weighted mean difference = -14.97 nmol/L; 95% confidence interval = -19.54, -10.40). Stroke patients with vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) had an increased risk of PSD compared with stroke patients with vitamin D sufficiency (≥75 nmol/L) (odds ratio = 3.59; 95% confidence interval = 2.05, 6.27). However, the association between vitamin D insufficiency (50-75 nmol/L) and PSD were not statistically significant (odds ratio = 4.15; 95% confidence interval = 0.87, 19.78).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency in the acute phase of stroke may be a risk factor for PSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"75-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Risk Factors for Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease: A Review of Cohort and Case-Control Studies.","authors":"Dimitry S Davydow, Michael S Okun, Gregory M Pontone","doi":"10.1177/08919887251319558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08919887251319558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Among neuropsychiatric sequelae of Parkinson's disease (PD), psychosis may have the most adverse impacts on prognosis and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To summarize and critically review the literature on potential risk factors for psychosis in PD, with particular focus on potentially modifiable risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a literature review using PubMed and EMBASE. We included articles if: (1) the study population was comprised of patients with PD, (2) the presence of psychosis was systematically ascertained through clinician diagnosis, clinical outcome assessments and/or administrative data, and (3) potential risk factors were examined prior to the onset of psychosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six studies (15 prospective cohort, 10 retrospective cohort, 1 retrospective case-control) of 21 patient cohorts (n = 15,535 unique patients) were included in the review. Ten studies included minor phenomena in their definition of psychosis. The most consistent potential risk factors for psychosis were sleep disturbances, particularly rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and autonomic dysfunction. Potentially modifiable risk factors for psychosis included excessive daytime sleepiness and exposure to anticholinergic medications and levodopa. Possible biomarkers for psychosis in PD included reduced striatal dopamine transporter binding on imaging and mutations in the <i>GBA</i> gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Several studies have identified potentially modifiable risk factors for the development of psychosis in PD. Future studies should utilize consistent, validated definitions of psychosis and focus on increasing understanding of, and developing interventions for, potentially modifiable risk factors for psychosis in patients with PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8919887251319558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Views of Healthcare Professionals on iFall, a Smartphone Application for Falls Reporting in Parkinson's Disease: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Michael C Kelly, Jenni Naisby, Jill Wales, Elaine Webster, Gerry Standerline, Gill Barry, Annee Amjad, Jason Moore, Natasha Ratcliffe, Alan Godfrey, Rosie Morris","doi":"10.1177/08919887251317728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08919887251317728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Accurate falls reporting is important in the management of Parkinson's disease. One way in which to improve accuracy is by providing a smartphone app to log fall events. This qualitative study sought to gain insights from healthcare professionals based in the United Kingdom on a novel smartphone application co-developed by people with Parkinson's (PwP) disease for falls reporting. <b>Research Methods:</b> A purposive sample of n=11 healthcare professionals with expertise in Parkinson's were recruited to take part in a focus group to explore their views on the smartphone app. Framework analysis was utilised to interpret the data. <b>Results:</b> Participants discussed the applications role in clinical practice, research, and provided recommendations for future improvements. Within the overarching theme of implementation of iFall in clinical and research practice, three subthemes emerged: (1) applicability to clinical practice, (2) the future of iFall in research and (3) future developments. The application was viewed positively, exhibiting potential to address important contemporary issues within falls reporting and research, whilst being clear, simple and easy to use. Implementation challenges of the application, such as IT integration were highlighted, while enhancements such as voice recognition were suggested. <b>Conclusions:</b> Incorporating suggestions from healthcare professionals and piloting of the application with PwP will increase the likelihood of successful implementation of the iFall app into clinical practice and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8919887251317728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Traumatic Brain Injury and Mild Behavioral Impairment With Cognitive Function and Dementia.","authors":"Lisa N Richey, Nicholas O Daneshvari, Lisa Young, Michael J C Bray, Rebecca F Gottesman, Thomas Mosley, Keenan A Walker, Andrea L C Schneider, Matthew E Peters","doi":"10.1177/08919887251317726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08919887251317726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) may contribute additional complexity to the clinical picture of mild behavioral impairment (MBI). MBI, a behavioral analog to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), is comprised of five neuropsychiatric domains: decreased motivation, affective dysregulation, impulse dyscontrol, social inappropriateness, and abnormal perception/thought content. We investigated (1) if cross-sectional associations of cognitive status with MBI symptoms differ by TBI status and (2) if prospective associations of MBI domain positivity with incident dementia risk differ by TBI status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>2246 participants without dementia from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study were included (mean age = 75.6 years, 59.0% female). TBI was defined by self-report/ICD-9/10 codes, MBI via an established algorithm based on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire, and baseline cognitive status/incident dementia using neuropsychological tests, informant interviews, and hospital/death certificate codes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cross-sectionally, although MCI status was associated with greater odds of MBI, this did not differ based on TBI status (MCI with TBI: OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.44-2.88, MCI without TBI: OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.20-2.14). Individuals with MCI (with or without TBI) were more likely to have decreased motivation, affective dysregulation, and impulse dyscontrol. Prospectively, positivity in 1+ MBI domains was associated with increased risk of incident dementia, not differing by TBI status (no TBI and MBI: HR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.55-2.99, TBI and MBI: HR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.81-3.80).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neither cross-sectional associations between cognitive status and MBI domain positivity nor prospective associations of MBI domain positivity with incident dementia risk differed by TBI status. How TBI may relate to neuropsychiatric symptomatology in the context of neurodegenerative processes requires further clarification.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8919887251317726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Anticholinergic Burden and Clinical-Demographic Characteristics on Incident Dementia in Parkinson Disease.","authors":"Thanh Phuong Pham Nguyen, Dylan Thibault, Shelly L Gray, Daniel Weintraub, Allison W Willis","doi":"10.1177/08919887241313376","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08919887241313376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Anticholinergic medication use measured via the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale has been associated with an increased dementia incidence in older adults but has not been explored specifically for Parkinson disease dementia (PDD). We used adjusted Cox models to estimate the risk of incident PDD associated with demographic factors, clinical characteristics, and time-varying total ACB in a longitudinal, deeply-phenotyped prospective PD cohort.</p><p><strong>Major findings: </strong>56.5% of study participants were taking ACB-scale drugs at enrollment. Increasing age, motor symptom burden and psychosis were associated with PDD risk. Female sex and educational achievement were protective against PDD. ACB categories were not associated with PDD overall, but depression and impulse control disorder were strongly associated with PDD in a subsample with high baseline ACB.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patient and clinical factors modify PDD risk. PD drug safety and drug-disease interaction studies may require considering multiple mechanisms and including dose-based, prospectively acquired medication exposure measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8919887241313376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities and Psychotropic Medication Use in Medicare Beneficiaries With Dementia by Sex and Race.","authors":"Kim G Johnson, Cassie Ford, Amy G Clark, Melissa A Greiner, Jay B Lusk, Cody Perry, Richard O'Brien, Emily C O'Brien","doi":"10.1177/08919887241254470","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08919887241254470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuropsychiatric symptoms affect the majority of dementia patients. Past studies report high rates of potentially inappropriate prescribing of psychotropic medications in this population. We investigate differences in neuropsychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medication prescribing in a local US cohort by sex and race.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilize Medicare claims and prescription fill records in a cohort of 100% Medicare North and South Carolina beneficiaries ages 50 and above for the year 2017 with a dementia diagnosis. We identify dementia and quantify diagnosis of anxiety, depression and psychosis using validated coding algorithms. We search Medicare claims for antianxiety, antidepressant and antipsychotic medications to determine prescriptions filled.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anxiety and depression were diagnosed at higher rates in White patients; psychosis at higher rates in Black patients. (<i>P</i> < .001) Females were diagnosed with anxiety, depression and psychosis at higher rates than males (<i>P</i> < .001) and filled more antianxiety and antidepressant medications than males. (<i>P</i> < .001) Black and Other race patients filled more antipsychotic medications for anxiety, depression and psychosis than White patients. (<i>P</i> < .001) Antidepressants were prescribed at higher rates than antianxiety or antipsychotic medications across all patients and diagnoses. Of patients with no neuropsychiatric diagnosis, 11.4% were prescribed an antianxiety medication, 22.8% prescribed an antidepressant and 7.6% prescribed an antipsychotic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The high fill rate of antianxiety (benzodiazepine) medications in dementia patients, especially females is a concern. Patients are prescribed psychotropic medications at high rates. This practice may represent potentially inappropriate prescribing. Patient/caregiver education with innovative community outreach and care delivery models may help decrease medication use.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"44-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141071247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greater Apathy Associated With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use in Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Rachel N Schade, Connor B Etheridge, Lauren E Kenney, Adrianna M Ratajska, Katie Rodriguez, Francesca V Lopez, Joshua Gertler, Alyssa Ray, Lauren Santos, Christopher Hess, Dawn Bowers","doi":"10.1177/08919887241254471","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08919887241254471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Apathy, a motivational disorder, is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and often misdiagnosed as depression. Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been associated with increased apathy in adolescents and adults with depression. Based on observations that serotonin may downregulate dopaminergic systems, we examined the relationship between apathy and SSRI use in individuals with PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medications, mood/motivation scales, and clinical data were collected from a convenience sample of 400 individuals with PD. Depression and apathy were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-Il) and the Apathy Scale (AS). Antidepressant medications were grouped by mechanism type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 400 PD patients, 26% were on SSRIs. On standard mood/motivation scales, 38% of the sample exceeded clinical cut-offs for apathy and 28% for depression. Results of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that SSRIs were the only antidepressant that were significantly associated with higher apathy scores (β = .1, <i>P</i> = .02). Less education (β = -.1, <i>P</i> = .01) worse cognition (β = -.1, <i>P</i> = .01), and greater depressive symptoms (β = .5, <i>P</i> < .001) were also significant predictors of apathy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that use of SSRIs, but not other antidepressants, is associated with greater apathy in PD. Given the interactive relationship between serotonin and dopamine, the current findings highlight the importance of considering apathy when determining which antidepressants to prescribe to individuals with PD. Similarly, switching a SSRI for an alternative antidepressant in individuals with PD who are apathetic may be a potential treatment for apathy that needs further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}