Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Structural Abnormalities of Olfactory-Related Brain Regions in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Subjective Cognitive Decline Individuals.","authors":"Lujiang Zhan, Guanxiong Tan, Jia Dong, Zhengdong Deng, Yunfeng Zou, Zhiyong Dan, Ruixia Wang, Zhengli Luo, Xingxing Zhu","doi":"10.1177/08919887251336464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08919887251336464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundOlfactory impairment might be already present at the subjective cognitive impairment (SCD) individuals, and deepens with disease severity in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum. However, the neuroanatomical correlates of olfactory impairment in SCD individuals are not fully elucidated.MethodsA hundred and twenty enrolled older adults without dementia (25 healthy controls (HCs), 45 SCD individuals and 50 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals) completed olfactory assessment and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. Olfactory function was evaluated by the 16-item Sniffin' Sticks odor identification test (SSIT). Region of interest (ROI) analysis was conducted for the gray matter volume (GMV) of 8 olfactory-related brain regions.ResultsIn ROI analysis, from HC, SCD to MCI group, smaller GMV of olfactory-related regions and olfactory impairment became increasingly severe. For HC group, olfactory impairment was only associated with smaller entorhinal cortex (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In SCD individuals, reduced GMVs of entorhinal cortex and hippocampus were associated with olfactory impairment (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In MCI individuals, decreased GMVs of piriform cortex, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus and parahippocampus were significantly associated with olfactory impairment (<i>P</i> < 0.05).ConclusionsThe atrophy of olfactory-related brain regions gradually increased and the corresponding olfactory function gradually decreased in older adults of HC, SCD and MCI. The olfactory regions associated with olfactory impairment in SCD individuals were mainly in entorhinal cortex and hippocampus.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8919887251336464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversion to Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Dementia Related to Apathy, <i>APOE</i> Genotype and Antidepressant Use.","authors":"Rubina Malik, Miguel Restrepo Martinez, Isis So, Elizabeth Finger","doi":"10.1177/08919887251335002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08919887251335002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveApathy and <i>APOE</i> ε4 genotype are risk factors for developing Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD). Antidepressant use is known to induce apathy. This study aimed to examine associations between <i>APOE</i> ε4, apathy, and antidepressant use with progression from cognitively normal (CN) to mild cognitive impairments (MCI), and MCI to ADD.MethodsParticipants aged 55-90 were recruited from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Participants were CN or had MCI at baseline and had completed at least 3 consecutive study visits. The NPI and NPI-Q apathy subscales were used to index the presence of apathy. Antidepressants used by participants included SSRIs, SNRIs, and AYTADs. Cox proportional hazards analyses examined the combined effects of apathy, <i>APOE</i> ε4 genotype, and antidepressant use on conversion from CN to MCI and from MCI to ADD.ResultsApathy and <i>APOE</i> ε4 were associated with increased risk of conversion along the CN-MCI-ADD continuum. Antidepressant use was associated with progression from MCI to ADD, and progression from CN to MCI in non-apathetic <i>APOE</i> ε4 carriers.ConclusionOur findings support apathy and <i>APOE</i> ε4 as robust predictors of conversion to MCI and ADD, and demonstrate novel associations between antidepressant use and conversion. Future research should explore whether antidepressant use in MCI and ADD causes apathetic symptoms or serves to index apathy/depression severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8919887251335002"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pupil and Eye Blink Response Abnormalities During Emotional Conflict Processing in Late-Life Depression.","authors":"Yao-Tung Lee, Yi-Hsuan Chang, Cesar Barquero, Chi-Shin Wu, Shu-Ping Chao, David Yen-Ting Chen, Jui-Tai Chen, Yih-Giun Cherng, Chin-An Wang","doi":"10.1177/08919887251334999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08919887251334999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionThis study aims to investigate the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system (LC-NE) function in late-life depression (LLD) patients by examining task-evoked pupil dilation in the emotional face-word Stroop task, given the recently established coupling between task-evoked pupil dilation and LC-NE activation.Materials and MethodsUsing video-based eye-tracking and principal component analysis, we explored task-evoked pupil responses and eye blinks in LLD patients (N = 25) and older healthy controls (CTRL) (N = 29) to determine whether there were alterations in pupil responses and eye blinks in LLD compared to CTRL.ResultsLLD patients exhibited significantly different pupil and eye-blink behavior compared to CTRL, with dampened task-evoked pupil dilation associated with emotional congruency and valence processing mediated by the sympathetic system compared to CTRL. Eye-blink rates associated with emotional valence were also altered in LLD compared to CTRL Moreover, Geriatric Depression Scale-15 scores in LLD correlated with emotional congruency effects revealed by task-evoked pupil dilation.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that LLD patients display altered pupil behavior compared to CTRL. These altered responses correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms, indicating their potential as objective biomarkers for use in large at-risk populations for LLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8919887251334999"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of the Parkinson's Disease Specific Anxiety Inventory (PDSAI).","authors":"Nadeeka N Dissanayaka, Dana Pourzinal, Gerard Byrne, Nancy A Pachana, John D O'Sullivan, Elizabeth White, Tiffany Au, Jihyun Yang, Alejandro Interian, Kailyn Rodriguez, Roseanne D Dobkin","doi":"10.1177/08919887251332660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08919887251332660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAnxiety is poorly recognized and inadequately treated in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectiveThe present study aimed to develop and validate a new clinical screening and research outcome measure to identify triggers and manifestations of anxiety specific to PD, the Parkinson's disease Specific Anxiety Inventory (PDSAI).MethodData from PDSAI derived from 172 people with PD across Australia and the United States was used to assess the reliability and validity of the inventory. Construct validity was assessed.ResultsFrequency analyses revealed low rates of missing data across the 40 items. The inventory demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach's a = 0.93, split-half = 0.68) and mid to high concurrent validity between the PDSAI and (i) Hamilton Anxiety Scale (r = 0.51), (ii) Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (r = 0.697) and Parkinson's Anxiety Scale (r = 0.747).ConclusionsThe PDSAI is a valid and reliable tool designed to capture PD specific triggers and manifestations of anxiety in people with PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8919887251332660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational Heterogeneity in the Relationship Between Internet Use and Episodic Memory Among Older Adults.","authors":"Xiaohang Zhao, Skylar Biyang Sun","doi":"10.1177/08919887251330311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08919887251330311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study aims to examine educational heterogeneity in the relationship between internet use and episodic memory among older adults in China, within the context of advancing Chinese modernization.MethodsData from the 2018 and 2020 waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were used for analysis. By employing a longitudinal study design with lagged predictors and the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) approach alongside its extension-the marginal structural model (MSM) for sufficient cause interactions-this study mitigated potential reverse causality and self-selection biases related to internet use and educational attainment.ResultsThe findings indicate a significant positive longitudinal association between internet use and delayed word recall in older women, incorporating delayed and immediate recall scores at baseline as covariates for predicting propensity scores of internet use. Additionally, the preservation of delayed word recall linked to internet use was more pronounced among older women with less than an elementary school education. Doubly robust estimation results further confirmed the reliability of the core findings. Furthermore, we investigated the longitudinal associations between specific online activities and episodic memory. The results show that posting on social media and engaging in online chatting positively correlated with episodic memory in older women, whereas browsing news online was positively associated with episodic memory in older men.ConclusionThese findings support the cognitive enrichment hypothesis, which asserts that internet use serves as a mentally stimulating activity that may help delay cognitive aging, especially among individuals with limited cognitive stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8919887251330311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Role of Sex and APOE4 status on Psychosis in Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Jonathan Fan, Nathan Churchill, Ayad Fadhel, Luis R Fornazzari, Vincenzo De Luca, Zahinoor Ismail, David G Munoz, Tom A Schweizer, Corinne E Fischer","doi":"10.1177/08919887241313225","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08919887241313225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundPsychosis occurs in approximately 41% of patients living with Alzheimer's disease. Previous findings from our group based on analyses of a neuropathological cohort suggest that among AD patients with Lewy Body pathology, female APOE4 homozygotes are at significantly greater risk of psychosis. This study aims to replicate this finding in a clinical cohort using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset.MethodsOur group used data from a sample of patients with AD in the ADNI database from the ADNI1, ADNI2, ADNI3, and ADNIGO studies. We defined psychosis status as experiencing hallucinations or delusions at one time point based on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. We then used forward binary logistic regression to determine if sex and APOE4 status are predictors of AD + P.ResultsIn total there were 204 participants who met the inclusion criteria, 133 of which were male, and 71 of which were female. Fifty-six patients were <i>APOE4</i> non-carriers, 109 patients were <i>APOE4</i> heterozygote carriers, and 39 were <i>APOE4</i> homozygote carriers. In total, there were 59 patients with psychosis. When adjusting for mini mental state examination score, adjusted hippocampal volume, and age, we demonstrate that female APOE4 homozygotes have a significantly increased risk of psychosis compared to other groups (<i>P</i> = 0.0264, OR = 19.50).DiscussionThe results of our study demonstrate a significant association between psychosis risk and female APOE4 homozygotes, thus corroborating findings from a neuropathological cohort. The effects of <i>APOE</i> ε4 on psychosis risk are significant only in females, and not in males.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8919887241313225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributors to Gender Disparities in Parkinson's Disease Caregiving.","authors":"Sarah Horn, Yunfeng Dai, Samuel S Wu, Nabila Dahodwala","doi":"10.1177/08919887251329957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08919887251329957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundWomen with Parkinson's disease (PD) are less likely to have a caregiver.ObjectiveTo determine factors contributing to gender disparities in PD caregiving.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of people with PD and caregivers participating in the Parkinson's Foundation Parkinson's Outcomes Project and compared patient and caregiver characteristics by gender.ResultsAmong PD patients, 20.7% of 1663 women and 14.2% of 3005 men had no caregiver (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Women without caregivers were older (69.1 vs 66.3, <i>P</i> < 0.001), less likely to be married (30.4% vs 54.7%, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and more likely to be taking an antidepressant (41.8% vs 30.9%, <i>P</i> = 0.002) than men. Using stepwise logistic regression models, gender differences in access to caregiving were explained by marital status. Among caregivers, women reported more strain (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and had less time for other family members (<i>P</i> < 0.001).ConclusionFewer women with PD have caregivers because they are less likely to have a spouse.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8919887251329957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Break Stubborn Association Between Hearing Loss and Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Moderators and Mediators.","authors":"Zeyi Zhang, Tingting Wang, Heng Cao, Longshan Yang, Xue Chen, Yu Han","doi":"10.1177/08919887251328880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08919887251328880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundHearing loss has been related to impaired cognition among older adults. The cost effectiveness of existing hearing support tools is controversial. Other potential modifying strategies that could effectively intervene in this prevalent and far-reaching association between hearing loss and cognitive decline remain unclear. This study aimed to narratively and quantitatively synthesize the mediators and moderators involved in the link between hearing loss and cognitive impairment from a psycho-social and physical point of view.MethodWe searched 6 databases for articles exploring mediating or moderating associations of hearing loss-cognition association from inception to March, 2024. Data were synthesized narratively and quantitatively by meta-analytic approaches.ResultsThe search yielded 63 included studies. Social (social engagement, social support, age, sex, ethnicity, cognitive reserve)-psycho (depression, anxiety, loneliness, resilience)-physical (cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, perceived health, disability, APOE carrier, vision impairment, gait speed) variables mediated or moderated the relationship between hearing loss and cognitive impairment to varying degrees. Subgroup analyses identified susceptible populations at greater risk for cognitive decline, including women, younger elders with hearing loss, and older adults with dual sensory loss.ConclusionCombined interventions targeting these modifiable variables across psycho-social and physical dimensions may be more cost-effective for intervening in the ensemble of hearing loss-cognitive impairment in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8919887251328880"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes Towards Dementia Among a Diverse Group of Refugees Resettled in the United States.","authors":"Dahlia A Kaki, Lana Bridi, Purity Mwendwa, Maryam Aso, Rawnaq Behnam, Nissma Bencheikh, Behnan Albahsahli, Xara Khan, Raghad Aljenabi, Alissa Bernstein Sideman, Alison Moore, Tala Al-Rousan","doi":"10.1177/08919887241280891","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08919887241280891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Forced migration results in exposure to trauma, interrupted access to healthcare, and loss of social support and may increase dementia risk. Literature on refugees' knowledge of dementia and its risk factors is scant. This study investigates refugee perspectives on dementia and their access to cognitive healthcare in the United States (US).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted 6 focus groups and 30 individual in-depth interviews (total of 69 participants) with Arab, African, and Afghan refugees resettled in San Diego, California. Data was coded using inductive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Organized by the socioecological model of health, the following themes emerged: (1) mental trauma due to migration was linked to dementia (individual); (2) fear of dementia and burdening caregivers due to limited support systems (interpersonal); (3) reliance on <i>virtual communities</i> for dementia information and the stress of <i>local community loss</i> increasing dementia risk (community); (4) healthcare providers, both in the US and in refugee camps, didn't address cognitive health concerns (institutions); and (5) discriminatory immigration and healthcare policies as barriers to healthy aging (policy).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite being a heterogeneous group, refugees share specific experiences, knowledge gaps, and barriers to healthy aging. Tailored interventions and policies are needed to address this population's cognitive health needs. This includes addressing their mental health and social support concerns as well as training clinicians to screen for/discuss dementia with aging refugee patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"132-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Associations of Sensory Impairment With 10-Year Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: The Health and Retirement Study, 2010-2020.","authors":"Kun Li, Rahul Ghosal, Donglan Zhang, Yike Li, Matthew C Lohman, Monique J Brown, Anwar T Merchant, Chih-Hsiang Yang, Jean Neils-Strunjas, Daniela B Friedman, Jingkai Wei","doi":"10.1177/08919887241275042","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08919887241275042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies have examined the association between dual sensory impairment and late-life cognitive outcomes in the U.S with inconsistent findings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the associations between sensory impairment and 10-year risk of dementia or Alzheimer's disease among U.S. adults aged ≥ 50.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study based on the Health and Retirement Study from 2010 to 2020. Individuals aged ≥ 50 years without self-reported dementia and Alzheimer's disease in 2010 were included in the analysis. Self-reported visual and hearing impairments were measures in 2010. Main failure events included self-reported incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease over a 10-year follow-up period. Participants were categorized as having no visual or hearing impairment, visual impairment only, hearing impairment only, and dual sensory impairment. Fine-Gray competing risk regression model was applied to estimate the associations of sensory impairment with incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease, adjusted for demographic characteristics, health behaviors, and health conditions at baseline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 20,248 identified individuals, 14.6% had visual impairment only, 11.2% had hearing impairment only, and 9.1% had dual impairment at baseline. After adjusting for all covariates, dual sensory impairment was associated with higher risk of dementia (HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.23-1.73) and Alzheimer's disease (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03-1.76). Visual impairment only was also associated with incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease among individuals <65 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Older adults in the U.S. with visual and hearing impairments simultaneously had a particularly greater risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease, indicating the needs of targeted screening for timely treatment and further prevention of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"94-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142055749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}