Journal of Immunology Research最新文献

{"title":"12,13-diHOME Promotes Inflammatory Macrophages and Epigenetically Modifies Their Capacity to Respond to Microbes and Allergens.","authors":"Din L Lin, Kevin M Magnaye, Cara E Porsche, Sophia R Levan, Elze Rackaityte, Mustafa Özçam, Susan V Lynch","doi":"10.1155/2024/2506586","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2506586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elevated infant fecal concentrations of the bacterial-derived lipid 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME) increase the risk for childhood atopy and asthma. However, the mechanisms by which this lipid contributes to disease development are largely unknown. We hypothesized that macrophages, which are key to both antimicrobial and antigen responses, are functionally and epigenetically modified by 12,13-diHOME leading to short- and long-term dysfunction with consequences for both antimicrobial and antigenic responses. Macrophages exposed to 12,13-diHOME are skewed toward inflammatory IL-1<i>β</i> ^highCD206^low cells, a phenomenon that is further amplified in the presence of common microbial-, aero-, and food-allergens. These IL-1<i>β</i> ^highCD206^low macrophages also exhibit reduced bacterial phagocytic capacity. In primary immune cell coculture assays involving peanut allergen stimulation, 12,13-diHOME promotes both IL-1<i>β</i> and IL-6 production, memory B cell expansion, and increased IgE production. Exposure to 12,13-diHOME also induces macrophage chromatin remodeling, specifically diminishing access to interferon-stimulated response elements resulting in reduced interferon-regulated gene expression upon bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Thus 12,13-diHOME reprograms macrophage effector function, B-cell interactions and promotes epigenetic modifications that exacerbate inflammatory response to allergens and mutes antimicrobial response along the interferon axis. These observations offer plausible mechanisms by which this lipid promotes early-life pathogenic microbiome development and innate immune dysfunction associated with childhood allergic sensitization.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2506586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11227377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular RNA CircZNF644 Facilitates Circulating Follicular Helper T Cells Response in Patients with Graves' Disease.","authors":"Yingzhao Liu, Xuehua Wang, Juan Xu, Qian Xu, Jie Xing, Junli Zou, Shengjun Wang, Huiyong Peng","doi":"10.1155/2024/9527268","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9527268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aberrant accumulation of circulating follicular helper T cells (cTfh) has been found in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of Graves' disease (GD) patients. However, the underlying mechanism that contributes to the imbalance of cTfh cells remains unknown. Previously, studies described a GD-related circular RNAs (circRNAs)-circZNF644 that might be associated with cTfh cells. This study aimed to investigate the role of circZNF644 on cTfh cells in GD patients. Here, we found that circZNF644 was highly stable expression in the PBMCs of GD patients, which was positively correlated with the serum levels of TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAb). Knockdown of circZNF644 caused a reduction of the proportion of cTfh cells in vitro. Mechanistically, circZNF644 served as a ceRNA for miR-29a-3p to promote ICOS expression, resulting in increased cTfh cells. In the PBMCs of GD patients, circZNF644 expression was positively correlated with ICOS expression and the percentage of cTfh cells, but negatively related to miR-29a-3p expression. Additionally, a strong relationship between circZNF644 and IL-21 was revealed in GD patients, and silencing of circZNF644 inhibited IL-21 expression. Our study elucidated that elevated expression of circZNF644 is a key feature in the development of GD and may contribute to the pathogenic role of cTfh cells in GD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9527268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11223900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CCR7 and CD48 as Predicted Targets in Acute Rejection Related to M1 Macrophage after Pediatric Kidney Transplantation.","authors":"Jie Zhang, Jun Pei, Chengjun Yu, Jin Luo, Yifan Hong, Yi Hua, Guanghui Wei","doi":"10.1155/2024/6908968","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6908968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kidney transplantation (KT) is the best treatment for end-stage renal disease. Although long and short-term survival rates for the graft have improved significantly with the development of immunosuppressants, acute rejection (AR) remains a major risk factor attacking the graft and patients. The innate immune response plays an important role in rejection. Therefore, our objective is to determine the biomarkers of congenital immunity associated with AR after KT and provide support for future research.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A differential expression genes (DEGs) analysis was performed based on the dataset GSE174020 from the NCBI gene Expression Synthesis Database (GEO) and then combined with the GSE5099 M1 macrophage-related gene identified in the Molecular Signatures Database. We then identified genes in DEGs associated with M1 macrophages defined as DEM1Gs and performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Cibersort was used to analyze the immune cell infiltration during AR. At the same time, we used the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cytoscape software to determine the key genes. Dataset, GSE14328 derived from pediatric patients, GSE138043 and GSE9493 derived from adult patients, were used to verify Hub genes. Additional verification was the rat KT model, which was used to perform HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, and Western Blot. Hub genes were searched in the HPA database to confirm their expression. Finally, we construct the interaction network of transcription factor (TF)-Hub genes and miRNA-Hub genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the normal group, 366 genes were upregulated, and 423 genes were downregulated in the AR group. Then, 106 genes related to M1 macrophages were found among these genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these genes are mainly involved in cytokine binding, antigen binding, NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activation of immune receptors and immune response, and activation of the inflammatory NF-<i>κ</i>B signaling pathway. Two Hub genes, namely CCR7 and CD48, were identified by PPI and Cytoscape analysis. They have been verified in external validation sets, originated from both pediatric patients and adult patients, and animal experiments. In the HPA database, CCR7 and CD48 are mainly expressed in T cells, B cells, macrophages, and tissues where these immune cells are distributed. In addition to immunoinfiltration, CD4+T, CD8+T, NK cells, NKT cells, and monocytes increased significantly in the AR group, which was highly consistent with the results of Hub gene screening. Finally, we predicted that 19 TFs and 32 miRNAs might interact with the Hub gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Through a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, our findings may provide predictive and therapeutic targets for AR after KT.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6908968"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11217580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Bacterial Lysate Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases and Cancer.","authors":"Md Mijanur Rahman, I Darren Grice, Glen C Ulett, Ming Q Wei","doi":"10.1155/2024/4312908","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4312908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antigenic cell fragments, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and other immunostimulants in bacterial lysates or extracts may induce local and systemic immune responses in specific and nonspecific paradigms. Based on current knowledge, this review aimed to determine whether bacterial lysate has comparable functions in infectious diseases and cancer treatment. In infectious diseases, including respiratory and urinary tract infections, immune system activation by bacterial lysate can identify and combat pathogens. Commercially available bacterial lysates, including OM-85, Ismigen, Lantigen B, and LW 50020, were effective in children and adults in treating respiratory tract infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rhinitis, and rhinosinusitis with varying degrees of success. Moreover, OM-89, Uromune, Urovac, Urivac, and ExPEC4V showed therapeutic benefits in controlling urinary tract infections in adults, especially women. Bacterial lysate-based therapeutics are safe, well-tolerated, and have few side effects, making them a good alternative for infectious disease management. Furthermore, a nonspecific immunomodulation by bacterial lysates may stimulate innate immunity, benefiting cancer treatment. \"Coley's vaccine\" has been used to treat sarcomas, carcinomas, lymphomas, melanomas, and myelomas with varying outcomes. Later, several similar bacterial lysate-based therapeutics have been developed to treat cancers, including bladder cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and myeloma; among them, BCG for in situ bladder cancer is well-known. Proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-<i>α</i>, may activate bacterial antigen-specific adaptive responses that could restore tumor antigen recognition and response by tumor-specific type 1 helper cells and cytotoxic T cells; therefore, bacterial lysates are worth investigating as a vaccination adjuvants or add-on therapies for several cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4312908"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11221958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Injectable Solutions on the Quality of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy.","authors":"Laís Teodoro Da Silva, Bruna Tiaki Tiyo, Silvia de Jesus Mota, Marina Mazzilli Ortega, Gabriela Justamante Handel Schmitz, Noemi Nosomi Taniwaki, Gislene Mitsue Namiyama Nishina, Alberto José da Silva Duarte, Telma Miyuki Oshiro","doi":"10.1155/2024/6817965","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6817965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Therapeutic vaccines based on monocyte-derived dendritic cells have been shown to be promising strategies and may act as complementary treatments for viral infections, cancers, and, more recently, autoimmune diseases. Alpha-type-1-polarized dendritic cells (aDC1s) have been shown to induce type-1 immunity with a high capacity to produce interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70). In the clinical use of cell-based therapeutics, injectable solutions can affect the morphology, immunophenotypic profile, and viability of cells before delivery and their survival after injection. In this sense, preparing a cell suspension that maintains the quality of aDC1s is essential to ensure effective immunotherapy. In the present study, monocytes were differentiated into aDC1s in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF. On day 5, the cells were matured by the addition of a cytokine cocktail consisting of IFN-<i>α</i>, IFN-<i>γ</i>, IL-1<i>β</i>, TNF-<i>α</i>, and Poly I:C. After 48 hr, mature aDC1s were harvested and suspended in two different solutions: normal saline and Ringer's lactate. The maintenance of cells in suspension was evaluated after 4, 6, and 8 hr of storage. Cell viability, immunophenotyping, and apoptosis analyses were performed by flow cytometry. Cellular morphology was observed by electron microscopy, and the production of IL-12p70 by aDC1s was evaluated by ELISA. Compared with normal saline, Ringer's lactate solution was more effective at maintaining DC viability for up to 8 hr of incubation at 4 or 22°C.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6817965"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11221978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Key to Increase Immunogenicity of Next-Generation COVID-19 Vaccines Lies in the Inclusion of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein","authors":"Noe Juvenal Mendoza-Ramírez, Julio García-Cordero, Gaurav Shrivastava, Leticia Cedillo-Barrón","doi":"10.1155/2024/9313267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9313267","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccination is one of the most effective prophylactic public health interventions for the prevention of infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Considering the ongoing need for new COVID-19 vaccines, it is crucial to modify our approach and incorporate more conserved regions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to effectively address emerging viral variants. The nucleocapsid protein is a structural protein of SARS-CoV-2 that is involved in replication and immune responses. Furthermore, this protein offers significant advantages owing to the minimal accumulation of mutations over time and the inclusion of key T-cell epitopes critical for SARS-CoV-2 immunity. A novel strategy that may be suitable for the new generation of vaccines against COVID-19 is to use a combination of antigens, including the spike and nucleocapsid proteins, to elicit robust humoral and potent cellular immune responses, along with long-lasting immunity. The strategic use of multiple antigens aims to enhance vaccine efficacy and broaden protection against viruses, including their variants. The immune response against the nucleocapsid protein from other coronavirus is long-lasting, and it can persist up to 11 years post-infection. Thus, the incorporation of nucleocapsids (N) into vaccine design adds an important dimension to vaccination efforts and holds promise for bolstering the ability to combat COVID-19 effectively. In this review, we summarize the preclinical studies that evaluated the use of the nucleocapsid protein as antigen. This study discusses the use of nucleocapsid alone and its combination with spike protein or other proteins of SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucans: A Therapeutic Alternative for Sepsis Treatment","authors":"Jesse P. M. Viana, Fernanda F. Costa, Tatielle G. Dias, Priscila M. Mendes, Gabriel B. Copeland, Willian S. Nascimento, Sofia S. N. Mendes, Isabella F. S. Figueiredo, Elizabeth S. Fernandes, Anamelia L. Bocca, Márcia C. G. Maciel","doi":"10.1155/2024/6876247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6876247","url":null,"abstract":"Sepsis treatment is a challenging condition due to its complexity, which involves host inflammatory responses to a severe and potentially fatal infection, associated with organ dysfunction. The aim of this study was to analyze the scientific literature on the immunomodulatory effects of glucans in a murine model of systemic infection induced by cecal ligation and puncture. This study comprises an integrative literature review based on systematic steps, with searches carried out in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases. In most studies, the main type of glucan investigated was <i>β</i>-glucan, at 50 mg/kg, and a reduction of inflammatory responses was identified, minimizing the occurrence of tissue damage leading to increased animal survival. Based on the data obtained and discussed in this review, glucans represent a promising biotechnological alternative to modulate the immune response and could potentially be used in the clinical management of septic individuals.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"235 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HLA-DQB1 Allele Polymorphism Associated with Oral Submucous Fibrosis in Hunan, China","authors":"Yisi Tan, Yuting Huang, Linkai Guo, Linghang Zhou, Keke Zhu, Yuancong Li, Jin Tan","doi":"10.1155/2024/8757860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8757860","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;i&gt;Background and Objective&lt;/i&gt;. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a progressive and irreversible disorder of collagen metabolism, resulting in mucosal fibrosis, oral functional changes, and even malignant transformation. This study investigated the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1 alleles and the susceptibility to OSF in a Hunan Han population, providing a new basis for clinical prevention and treatment of OSF. &lt;i&gt;Methods&lt;/i&gt;. 44 OSF patients and 44 healthy volunteers were included in this study. To detect the expression frequency of HLA-DQB1 alleles in the two groups and analyze significant allelic subtypes and their relative risk, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence-specific primers were used. Subsequently, based on the identification of differential genes, we compare the gene expression levels of OSF patients and healthy volunteers expressing differential genes by real-time quantitative PCR. &lt;i&gt;Results&lt;/i&gt;. The expression frequency of the HLA-DQB1&lt;svg height=\"10.1524pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.04990005pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -10.1025 8.3578 10.1524\" width=\"8.3578pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,2.179,-5.741)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;05 : 02 allele in the OSF group (36.4%) was significantly higher than in the controls (13.6%), and exposure to the HLA-DQB1&lt;svg height=\"10.1524pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.04990005pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -10.1025 8.3578 10.1524\" width=\"8.3578pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,2.179,-5.741)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#g50-43\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;05 : 02 allele was strongly related to OSF (OR (95% CI) = 3.619 (1.257,10.421), Wald &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 5.681, &lt;span&gt;&lt;svg height=\"8.8423pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.2064009pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 19.289 8.8423\" width=\"19.289pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.658,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;svg height=\"8.8423pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.2064009pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.8711838 -8.6359 28.182 8.8423\" width=\"28.182pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.921,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.161,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,32.125,0)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.365,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.605,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; However, there were no significant differences in the allele expression frequencies of DQB1&lt;svg height=\"10.1524pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.04990005pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -10.1025 8.3578 10.1524\" width=\"8.3578pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" ","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141060675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An On-Treatment Decreased Trend of Serum IL-6 and IL-8 as Predictive Markers Quickly Reflects Short-Term Efficacy of PD-1 Blockade Immunochemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer","authors":"Jiameng Liu, Yufei Mao, Chaoming Mao, Deqiang Wang, Liyang Dong, Wei Zhu","doi":"10.1155/2024/3604935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3604935","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Objective</i>. Immunotherapy has proven effective in treating advanced gastric cancer (AGC), yet its benefits are limited to a subset of patients. Our aim is to swiftly identify prognostic biomarkers using cytokines to improve the precision of clinical guidance and decision-making for PD-1 inhibitor-based cancer immunotherapy in AGC. <i>Materials and Methods</i>. The retrospective study compared 36 patients with AGC who received combined anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and chemotherapy (immunochemotherapy) with a control group of 20 patients who received chemotherapy alone. The concentrations of TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-1<i>β</i>, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17 in the serum were assessed using chemiluminescence immunoassay at three distinct time intervals following the commencement of immunochemotherapy. <i>Results</i>. When compared to controls, patients undergoing immunochemotherapy demonstrated a generalized rise in cytokine levels after the start of treatment. However, patients who benefited from immunochemotherapy showed a decrease in IL-6 or IL-8 concentrations throughout treatment (with varied trends observed for IL-1<i>β</i>, IL-2R, IL-10, IL-17, and TNF-<i>α</i>) was evident in patients benefiting from immunochemotherapy but not in those who did not benefit. Among these markers, the combination of IL-6, IL-8, and CEA showed optimal predictive performance for short-term efficacy of immunochemotherapy in AGC patients. <i>Conclusion</i>. Reductions in IL-6/IL-8 levels observed during immunochemotherapy correlated with increased responsiveness to treatment effectiveness. These easily accessible blood-based biomarkers are predictive and rapid and may play a crucial role in identifying individuals likely to derive benefits from PD-1 blockade immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140937651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-Glucan Subverts the Function of Myeloid Cells in Neonates","authors":"Yingying Chen, Hui Li, Lin Zhu, Quan Yang, Jie Zhou","doi":"10.1155/2024/2765001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2765001","url":null,"abstract":"<i>β</i>-Glucan is the main component of the cell wall of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) including various yeast, fungi, or certain bacteria. Previous reports demonstrated that <i>β</i>-glucan was widely investigated as a potent immunomodulators to stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses, which indicated that it could be recommended as an effective adjuvant in immunotherapy. However, the detailed effects of <i>β</i>-glucan on neonatal immunity are still largely unknown. Here, we found that <i>β</i>-glucan did not affect the frequencies and numbers of myeloid cells in the spleen and bone marrow from neonates. Functional assay revealed that <i>β</i>-glucan from neonates compromised the immunosuppressive function of immature myeloid cells, which were myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Flow cytometry or gene expression analysis revealed that <i>β</i>-glucan-derived polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs produced lower level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and arginase-1 (<i>Arg1</i>) in neonatal mice. Furthermore, <i>β</i>-glucan administration significantly decreased the frequency and ROS level of PMN-MDSCs in vitro. These observations suggest that <i>β</i>-glucan facilitates the maturation of myeloid cells in early life, which may contribute to its beneficial effects against immune disorders later in life.","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140937595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}