Journal of Immunology Research最新文献

{"title":"Roles of NET Peptides With Known Antimicrobial Activity and Toxicity in Immune Response.","authors":"Sinan Cebeci, Tuba Polat, Nihan Ünübol","doi":"10.1155/jimr/5528446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jimr/5528446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are crucial components of the innate immune system in all living organisms, playing a vital role in the body's defense against diseases and infections. The immune system's primary functions include preventing disease-causing agents from entering the body and eliminating them without causing harm. These peptides exhibit broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and cancer cells. They are secreted by innate and epithelial cells and contribute to host defense by inducing cellular activities such as cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, cytokine production, angiogenesis, and wound healing. In response to the growing challenge of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents, alternative drugs and new antibacterial molecules are being explored. In a previous study, NET AMPs were synthesized and their antimicrobial effects were determined. The current study extends this work by assessing the effects of these peptides on the immune system through cell culture experiments and ELISA. Specifically, the study investigated how different concentrations of these peptides influence the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-<i>α</i> (TNF-<i>α</i>), and interferon-<i>γ</i> (IFN-<i>γ</i>) in mouse macrophages. Among the synthesized peptides, NET1 and NET2 demonstrated low cytotoxicity in TIB-71 RAW 264.7 macrophages. These peptides induced an anti-inflammatory response and reduced IL-6 expression in the absence of LPS stimulation, while simultaneously increasing IFN-<i>γ</i> and TNF-<i>α</i> secretion. These findings suggest that NET1 and NET2 peptides possess both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties, highlighting their potential role in modulating immune responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5528446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11698612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Reprograming of Macrophages: A New Direction in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treating Liver Failure.","authors":"Junli Zhang, Na Li, Xiaoyu Hu","doi":"10.1155/jimr/5891381","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/5891381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute liver failure (ALF) is a fulminant clinical syndrome that usually leads to multiple organ failure and high mortality. Macrophages play a crucial role in the initiation, development, and recovery of ALF. Targeting macrophages through immunotherapy holds significant promise as a therapeutic strategy. These cells exhibit remarkable plasticity, enabling them to differentiate into various subtypes based on changes in their surrounding microenvironment. M1-type macrophages are associated with a pro-inflammatory phenotype and primarily rely predominantly on glycolysis. In contrast, M2-type macrophages, which are characterized by anti-inflammatory phenotype, predominantly obtain their energy from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Shifting macrophage metabolism from glycolysis to OXPHOS inhibits M1 macrophage activation and promotes M2 macrophage activation, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory and reparative effects. This study elucidates the relationship between macrophage activation and glucose metabolism reprograming from an immunometabolism perspective. A comprehensive literature review revealed that several signaling pathways may regulate macrophage polarization through energy metabolism, including phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1<i>α</i> (HIF-1<i>α</i>), nuclear factor-<i>κ</i>B (NF-<i>κ</i>B), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which exhibit crosstalk with one another. Additionally, we systematically reviewed several traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers that can modulate glucose metabolism reprograming and influence the polarization states of M1 and M2 macrophages. This review aimed to provide valuable insights that could contribute to the development of new therapies or drugs for ALF.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5891381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11688140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manual Therapy Exerts Local Anti-Inflammatory Effects Through Neutrophil Clearance.","authors":"Hongwen Liu, Shiguo Yuan, Kai Zheng, Gaofeng Liu, Junhua Li, Baofei Ye, Yangkun Wang, Li Yin, Yikai Li","doi":"10.1155/2024/5556042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5556042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Manual therapy (MT) has been widely used in China to treat local tissue inflammation for a long time. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence for using MT in anti-inflammatory therapy, and its anti-inflammatory mechanism needs further clarification. <b>Methods:</b> We utilized MT to treat cardiotoxin (CTX) injury-induced skeletal muscle inflammation in C57BL6/J mice. We analyzed the underlying mechanism by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with molecular techniques. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to assess skeletal muscle inflammation and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA). scRNA-seq, immunofluorescence, and western blot were performed to determine cellular and molecular outcome changes. <b>Results:</b> Compared with CTX injury-induced skeletal muscle inflammatory mice, MT intervention significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1<i>β</i>, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-<i>α</i>) expression levels; scRNA-seq detected that neutrophil numbers and activity were maximum proportions increased in injured skeletal muscle among macrophage, T cells, B cells, endothelial cells, fast muscle cells, fibroblasts, and skeletal muscle satellite cells; and S100A9 gene expression was supreme in neutrophils. However, after treatment with MT, S100A9 protein expression and the numbers and activity of Ly6g+/Mpo+ neutrophils were significantly inhibited, thus reducing the inflammatory cytokine levels and exerting an anti-inflammatory effect by early clearing neutrophils. <b>Conclusion:</b> MT can mitigate localized inflammation induced by injured skeletal muscle, achieved by decreasing S100A9 protein expression and clearing neutrophils in mice, which may help advance therapeutic strategies for skeletal muscle localized inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5556042"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11557174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of the miRNA/Pyroptosis-Related Molecular Regulatory Axis in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Evidence From Transcriptome Data Combined With Multiple Machine Learning Approaches Followed by Experiment Validation.","authors":"Yongchao Su, Chuangang Lu, Shuchen Chen","doi":"10.1155/2024/1429510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1429510","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) represents a permanent and localized widening of the abdominal aorta, posing a potentially lethal risk of aortic rupture. Several recent studies have highlighted the role of pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory programed cell death, as critical molecular regulators in AAA occurrence, progression, and rupture. However, the potential effects of pyroptosis in AAA and its upstream microRNA (miRNA) have not been comprehensively clarified. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Through a search of the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database, the expression profiles of mRNAs (GSE7084, GSE57691, and GSE98278) and miRNAs (GSE62179) and corresponding clinical features were downloaded, respectively. Expression profiles of 15 AAA and 10 normal vascular samples were consecutively collected for in vitro experimentation and subsequent analysis. Various machine learning techniques were employed to identify hub pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs), leading to the development of a predictive model termed the PRG classifier. Quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot (WB), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to confirm the expression of the hub PRGs. The diagnostic and predictive capabilities of the model were comprehensively evaluated in GEO and hospital cohorts. Then, the crucial immune cell infiltration and molecular pathways implicated in the initiation and rupture of AAA and their association with pyroptosis were explored. Lastly, a miRNA/hub pyroptosis-related molecular regulatory axis was constructed using the TargetScan dataset, which was further explored through loss-of-function assays. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Differential analysis, enrichment score analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that pyroptosis-related molecules were significantly involved in the occurrence of AAA. Utilizing multiple machine learning algorithms, eight key PRGs (cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase [CASP]1, infiltrating lymphocyte [IL]1B, IL18, IL6, NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein [NLRP]1, NLRP2, NLRP3, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) were integrated to establish a PRG classifier. Demonstrating robust diagnostic capabilities (area under curve [AUC] &gt; 0.90), the PRG classifier provided clinical insights across two GEO datasets and effectively differentiated small AAA from large AAA, elective stable AAA (eAAA), and ruptured AAA (rAAA), respectively. qRT-PCR, WB, and ELISA verified the mRNA and protein expression of the hub PRGs. Notably, in hospital cohorts, a substantial positive link was unveiled between the PRG classifier and AAA risk factors (hypertension history, diastolic pressure, triglyceride levels, and aneurysm diameter). Furthermore, immune cell infiltration and functional enrichment analysis revealed significant associations of the PRG classifier/PRGs with M2 macrophage infiltration, activated dendritic cells, and enrichment scores of the cytosolic deoxyribonucleic acid (","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1429510"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11540895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virus-Triggered Autoimmunity Was Associated With Hirschsprung's Disease Through Activation of Innate Immunity.","authors":"Weiyong Zhong, Chaoting Lan, Yuqiong Chen, Kai Song, Zuyi Ma, Jixiao Zeng, Lihua Huang, Yan Zhang, Yun Zhu, Huimin Xia","doi":"10.1155/2024/4838514","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4838514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital enteric nervous system (ENS) disorder. Genetics cannot explain most sporadic cases. To explore the relationship between pathogen infection, autoantibodies, innate immune, and HSCR. <b>Methods:</b> Pathogen microarray was conducted in the serum of the prospective neonatal abdominal distension (NAD) cohort, consisting of 56 children followed for at least 6 months until the final diagnosis of HSCR was determined or excluded. We conducted an autoantibody microarray in an HSCR cohort, which is comprised of diagnosed HSCR patients (HSCR) and healthy control subjects (HC). RNA-seq of colon tissues from aganglionic and ganglionic segments of HSCR patients was performed. <b>Results:</b> Experimental results show that the serum lgM and lgG of enterovirus 71 (EV71) were significantly higher in HSCR than in the gastrointestinal dysfunction (GI) group, with a prediagnose value reaching area under the curve (AUC) over 0.76. We discovered that a group of autoantibodies were significantly higher in HSCR including neuronal pentraxin 1 (NPTX1), amyloid, neuron lysate, and myelin-associated oligodendrocytic basic protein (MOBP) than that in the HC group. These four autoantibodies could distinguish HSCR from the HC group, with a combined AUC of over 0.90 using both serum IgG and IgM. Further analysis showed that wide activation of innate immune pathways, including toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) signaling pathway, red cell distribution width to lymphocyte ratio (RLR) signaling pathway, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway in aganglionic compared to ganglionic segments of HSCR. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study suggested that virus-triggered autoimmunity may contribute to HSCR through activation of innate immunity, which facilitates the diagnosis and prevention of HSCR.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4838514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Myocardial Injury by Inhibiting TSHR and Regulating Macrophage Polarization Through miR-30d-5p/GALNT7.","authors":"Haiyan Wu, Ruoyu Zhou, Hanxin Kong, Jieqiong Yang, Suijuan Liu, Xiaolin Wei, Kunzhi Li, Yunmei Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2024/5562293","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5562293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Doxorubicin (DOX) is an extensively used chemotherapeutic agent that induces cardiotoxicity. Studies have reported that exercise (EXE) can alleviate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mechanism by which EXE attenuates DOX-induced myocardial injury. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, cell and animal models of DOX-induced myocardial injury were constructed. The animal model was subjected to EXE intervention. <b>Results:</b> In this study, in vitro experiments revealed that miR-30d-5p negatively regulated polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7 (GALNT7) and that GALNT7 negatively regulated the expression of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). miR-30d-5p downregulated the expression of GALNT7, promoted the expression of TSHR, and promoted macrophage M1 polarization, thus aggravating cardiomyocyte injury. In vivo experiments revealed that EXE intervention significantly downregulated miR-30d-5p and TSHR expression, upregulated GALNT7, reduced inflammation, and promoted M2 macrophage polarization, thereby alleviating DOX-induced myocardial injury. In addition, overexpression of miR-30d-5p or knockdown of GALNT7 weakened the intervention effect of EXE, whereas overexpression of GALNT7 or knockdown of TSHR promoted the effect of EXE. <b>Conclusion:</b> EXE can modulate the miR-30d-5p/GALNT7 axis to inhibit the expression of TSHR, thereby regulating the polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype and ultimately alleviating DOX-induced myocardial injury, which provides new targets and strategies for the clinical treatment of myocardial injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5562293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumour Immunotherapy and Applications of Immunological Products: A Review of Literature.","authors":"Angus Nnamdi Oli, Samson Adedeji Adejumo, Adekunle Babajide Rowaiye, Joyce Oloaigbe Ogidigo, Jarrad Hampton-Marcell, Gordon C Ibeanu","doi":"10.1155/2024/8481761","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8481761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant tumors, characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, are a leading global health challenge, responsible for over 9.7 million deaths in 2022, with new cases expected to rise to 35 million annually by 2050. Immunotherapy is preferred to other cancer therapies, offering precise targeting of malignant cells while simultaneously strengthening the immune system's complex responses. Advances in this novel field of science have been closely linked to a deeper knowledge of tumor biology, particularly the intricate interplay between tumor cells, the immune system, and the tumor microenvironment (TME), which are central to cancer progression and immune evasion. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms that govern these interactions, emphasizing their critical role in the development of effective immunotherapeutic products. We critically evaluate the current immunotherapy approaches, including cancer vaccines, adoptive T cell therapies, and cytokine-based treatments, highlighting their efficacy and safety. We also explore the latest advancements in combination therapies, which synergistically integrate multiple immunotherapeutic strategies to overcome resistance and enhance therapeutic outcomes. This review offers key insights into the future of cancer immunotherapy with a focus on advancing more effective and personalized treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8481761"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial Quality Control Orchestrates the Symphony of B Cells and Plays Critical Roles in B Cell-Related Diseases.","authors":"Wuhao Li, Peiyang Cai, Ye Xu, Weihong Tian, Licong Jing, Qiaoyi Lv, Yangjing Zhao, Hui Wang, Qixiang Shao","doi":"10.1155/2024/5577506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5577506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>B cells are essential for humoral immune response due to their ability to secrete antibodies. The development of B cells from the bone marrow to the periphery is tightly regulated by a complex set of immune signals, and each subset of B cells has a unique metabolic profile. Mitochondria, which serve as cellular energy powerhouses, play an essential role in regulating cell survival and immune responses. To maintain metabolic homeostasis, mitochondria dynamically adjust their morphology, distribution, and mass via biogenesis, fusion and fission, translocation, and mitophagy. Despite its extreme importance, the role of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) in B cells has not been thoroughly summarized, unlike in T cells. This article aims to review the mechanism of MQC that shapes B cell fate and functions. In addition, we will discuss the physiological and pathological implications of MQC in B cells, providing new insights into potential therapeutic targets for diseases associated with B cell abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5577506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Levels of Selected Cytokines and Chemokines and IgG4 in Children With Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections.","authors":"Edyta Machura, Helena Krakowczyk, Magdalena Kleszyk, Elzbieta Swiętochowska, Ewa Grzywna-Rozenek, Malgorzata Rusek, Anna Góra, Ewelina Chrobak, Anna Pukas-Bochenek, Maria Szczepanska","doi":"10.1155/2024/5170588","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5170588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Respiratory tract infections are a common health problem. Cytokines/chemokines play a critical role in the regulation of the immune system. Their defective production may predispose to recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRIs), and an excessive immune response may lead to chronic inflammation and cause damage to the respiratory tract. Another biomarker of respiratory infections may be immunoglobulin-IgG4. Its meaning has still been little explored. We wanted to assess the suitability of the levels of biomarkers tested: interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-18, IL-23, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), and induced protein (IP)-10, as well as immunoglobilun G4 (IgG4) to predict recurrent infections. <b>Methods:</b> The study group (SG) included a total of 130 children (68 girls, 62 boys) between 3 and 17 years of age with RRI. The control group (CG) included 86 healthy children with no symptoms of inflammatory or allergic diseases (44 girls and 42 boys) of the same age. Blood samples were collected in fasting state and then serum samples were frozen and stored until biomarker assay. <b>Results:</b> Serum RANTES, IL-18, IL-23, and IgG4 concentration were higher in all children with recurrent infections vs. those in the CG (<i>p</i>  < 0001). Serum levels of IL-17A and IP-10 were also significantly higher in the SG than in the CG, but only in the youngest children. Among the six serum markers, RANTES demonstrated the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (area under curve) value (0.998, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-1.0, <i>p</i> < 0.001) for the diagnosis of RRIs, followed by IL-23 (0.99, 95% CI 0.966-0,999, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and IL-18 (0.957, 95% CI 0.921-0.980, <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> RANTES, IL-23, and IL-18 could be strong predictors of respiratory infections recurrence in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5170588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Causal Relationship between Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Aortic Aneurysm: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Sijia Sun, Jie Li, Mengxian Sun, Jie He, Songtao Tan, Ge Wang, Yuan Zheng, Xiaoping Fan","doi":"10.1155/2024/2474118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2474118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Methods: </strong>We sourced genetic association data from public genome-wide association study databases for populations of European ancestry. Adhering to MR principles, we identified valid instrumental variables from genetic variants. A range of statistical methods were applied for MR analysis, with the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method emerging as the most reliable estimator of causality in this context.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The causal estimates obtained using the IVW method revealed a significant association between genetically predicted AA and rheumatoid arthritis (RA; OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01-1.12, <i>P</i>=0.029). Conversely, genetically predicted RA showed nonsignificant causal estimates of AA (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.92-1.02, <i>P</i>=0.204). Additionally, there was no evidence to suggest that AA may increase the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and psoriasis (PSO). The sensitivity analysis confirmed the absence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings shed light on the causal effects between genetically predisposed AA and RA. They also suggest the potential clinical utility of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk genetic markers for developing personalized treatment and prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2474118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}