Journal of Immunology Research最新文献

{"title":"The Abnormal Expression of B7-H4 Is Associated With the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases.","authors":"Yuqing Wu, Jianbin Xu, TianTian Cai, Yudie Fang, Zhaowei Huang, Xinwei Zhang, Guangxin Li, Wenyu Xu, Jinan Zhang","doi":"10.1155/jimr/5529891","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/5529891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>B7-H4 is an immunosuppressive molecule extensively studied in tumor diseases and is also of interest in some autoimmune diseases. However, the relationship between B7-H4 and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) has not been explored.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the B7-H4 expression in different tissues of patients with different subtypes of AITDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The B7-H4 protein expression in thyroid tissue of the participants was identified through immunohistochemical analyses while concentrations of plasma soluble B7-H4 (sB7-H4) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, B7-H4 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated via RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The immunohistochemical findings revealed a decrease in levels of B7-H4 protein in thyroid tissue of Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients, compared with those of the normal controls. Similarly, a decrease was observed in the level of B7-H4mRNA expression in PBMCs assayed via RT-PCR. However, based on ELISA results, plasma levels of sB7-H4 were increased in both GD and HT patients compared to those in normal controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The abnormal expression of B7-H4 in AITD patients suggests that it may be involved in the onset and progression of the disease. At the same time, the mechanism of action of B7-H4 in AITD and whether it is a potential therapeutic target need to be further studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e5529891"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13140884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147433403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2-Induced Macrophage Polarization Reverses HIV-1 Latency in J-Lat Cells Through TNFα Signaling.","authors":"Patricio Jarmoluk, Franco Agustín Sviercz, Cintia Cevallos, Rosa Nicole Freiberger, Cynthia Alicia López, M Victoria Delpino, Jorge Quarleri","doi":"10.1155/jimr/9986845","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/9986845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have both short- and long-term impacts on the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV (PLWH), even those on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). This study aimed to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 could influence HIV reactivation in latently infected lymphoid cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HIV-infected lymphoid (J-Lat) cells, characterized by proviral latency under unstimulated conditions, were used for latency reversal assays with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), free SARS-CoV-2 particles, or conditioned media (CM) from macrophages. Monocytes isolated from donor blood were differentiated into macrophages (monocyte-derived macrophages [MDMs]) and polarized to M1 or M2 phenotypes before stimulation or with two SARS-CoV-2 variants (wild-type and BA.5) infection. Additionally, the effects of redox imbalance on latency reversal in both J-Lat and myeloid (U1) latency models were measured. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was quantified by RT-qPCR targeting ORF1ab and N genes, and latency reversal and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed by flow cytometry. TNFα involvement was confirmed through neutralization assays, while cytokines and polarization markers were analyzed via ELISA and fluorescent antibodies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Jurkat and J-Lat cells had low ACE2 expression and were not permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 exposure alone did not induce HIV latency reversal in J-Lat cells. However, CM from M1-polarized, resiquimod (R-848)-treated, and SARS-CoV-2-infected macrophages significantly reactivated latent HIV. TNFα was identified as the primary driver of latency reversal, with no significant changes in ROS levels. Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 exposure shifted macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, characterized by IL-10 release, which reduced latency reactivation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 can indirectly reverse HIV latency in lymphoid cells by promoting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from infected macrophages. These findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies for preventing HIV reactivation during SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, emphasizing the modulation of cytokine signaling to control inflammation while minimizing immune dysregulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e9986845"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13140423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147433417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunophenotypic Stratification of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Reveals Distinct Lymphocyte Profiles and Clinical Manifestations.","authors":"Yimeng Jia, Sicheng Huang, Ye Guo, Anqi Wang, Chuiwen Deng, Yunyun Fei","doi":"10.1155/jimr/9295560","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/9295560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder with diverse clinical manifestations and limited effective therapies. This study aimed to stratify pSS patients into distinct immunophenotypic subgroups based on peripheral lymphocyte profiles and to explore the clinical relevance of these subgroups, thereby informing personalized management for pSS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort of 133 Chinese pSS patients and 241 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) was analyzed. Immunophenotyping of 11 lymphocyte subsets was performed using flow cytometry in peripheral blood. K-means clustering was employed to identify patient subgroups based on lymphocyte profile. Clinical data were collected and compared across clusters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lymphocyte profiles in pSS patients differed from those in HCs, featuring elevated proportions and estimated counts of activated CD8⁺ T cells along with reduced naïve CD4⁺ T cells and NK cells. Unsupervised clustering analysis identified three distinct patient subgroups based on immunophenotypic patterns: Cluster 1 was characterized by significantly higher proportions of CD8⁺ T cells and showed more frequent hematologic and serological abnormalities, including higher rates of hyperglobulinemia, anti-Ro52 positivity, and high-titer ANA positivity. Cluster 2 was distinguished by higher NK and B cell proportions and clinically presented with greater pulmonary and hepatic involvement along with higher disease damage scores. Cluster 3 maintained lymphocyte distributions closest to HCs but exhibited more frequent constitutional symptoms and cutaneous involvement coupled with lower serological activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lymphocyte profiling may help stratify pSS patients into clinically distinct subgroups, potentially corresponding to different pathobiological endotypes, and could thus inform patient stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e9295560"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13140272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147433530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auricularia auricula's Polysaccharides Confer Protection in Murine Sepsis via Immune Modulation.","authors":"Jesse Pereira Machado Viana, Luisa Coutinho Coelho, Priscila M Mendes, André Alvares Marques Vale, Jeferson Noslen Casarin, Joicy Cortez de Sá Sousa, Paulo Vitor Soeiro Pereira, Maria Carolina B Di Medeiros Leal, Anamelia L Bocca, Márcia C G Maciel","doi":"10.1155/jimr/9938963","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/9938963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by severe organ dysfunction resulting from an uncontrolled host response to infection. Sepsis treatment poses a challenge due to its complexity and the need for effective therapeutic approaches. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Auricularia auricula in a murine model of lethal sepsis. Our findings demonstrated that treatment with EPS significantly enhances the proliferation of circulating lymphocytes and granulocytes, which is associated with improved host defense mechanisms. Additionally, EPS administration effectively mitigates sepsis-induced pulmonary damage, as evidenced by preserved lung function. Furthermore, EPS treatment significantly reduces microbial translocation to the bloodstream, maintaining a lower colony-forming unit (CFU) count and thereby restricting systemic infection. The polysaccharides also prevent the development of thrombocytopenia in septic animals, thereby preserving platelet homeostasis. The compound modulates serum cytokine profiles, contributing to a more regulated inflammatory response. The interactome analysis reveals that the Dectin-1 → Syk pathway activates NF-κB/AP-1 and involves p38 MAPK, thereby explaining the observed cytokine modulation. The presence of Nod2/Ripk2 suggests that the EPS primes leukocytes to effectively combat both fungi and bacteria, leading to a reduced bacterial load and increased survival. Collectively, these data indicate that EPS, a prebiotic agent, represents a novel therapeutic strategy with potential for modulating immune responses, controlling microbial proliferation, and improving survival outcomes in a model of severe sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e9938963"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13507711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating Cell-Free RNA Reflects Immune-Associated and Airway Remodeling Signatures in Equine Asthma.","authors":"Birong Zhang, Hanna Agdour, Miia Riihimäki, Sanni Hansen, Amanda Raine","doi":"10.1155/jimr/5310284","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/5310284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circulating cell-free RNA (cfRNA) has emerged as a promising minimally invasive biomarker capable of capturing transcripts originating from multiple tissues and cell types, but its utility in chronic inflammatory airway diseases remains poorly understood. Equine asthma (EA), a naturally occurring respiratory disease that shares key clinical and immunopathological features with human asthma, provides a valuable comparative model for evaluating plasma cfRNA in this context. We performed transcriptomic profiling of plasma cfRNA from horses with EA and healthy controls and compared these findings with partially matched bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and whole-blood (WB) transcriptomes. Differential abundance analysis of plasma cfRNA identified increased abundance of the epithelial alarmin IL33, together with signatures associated with tissue remodeling, cellular stress responses, and immune alterations. Notably, cfRNA from EA horses exhibited reduced B-cell-associated and increased T-cell-associated transcript signatures, a pattern independently supported by differential abundance, co-expression network, and deconvolution analyses. In contrast, similar immune-associated signatures were not evident in the BAL and WB transcriptomes analyzed in this study. Cross-compartment comparisons further demonstrated that plasma cfRNA captured a molecular profile largely distinct from those identified in BAL and WB, while sharing only a small set of differentially abundant transcripts across compartments. Collectively, these findings indicate that plasma cfRNA captures molecular patterns associated with EA that differ from those observed in conventional transcriptomic sampling compartments. These results support the potential utility of plasma cfRNA as a minimally invasive source of biomarkers for characterizing airway disease-associated molecular and immune alterations in both veterinary and comparative asthma research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e5310284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13509420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking CD38 Cell Surface Expression to the Unique Calcium Flux Properties in Human Peripheral B Lymphocytes Following anti-IgM and anti-IgG Stimulation.","authors":"Viktória Temesfői, Péter Kaltenecker, Anna Nörenberg, Tímea Serény-Litvai, Ambrus Kaposi, Emese Mezősi","doi":"10.1155/jimr/1377217","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/1377217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CD38 serves as a marker for defining subsets of immune cells; however, being an ectoenzyme, it also plays a crucial part in modulating immunometabolic homeostasis, has immense potential to influence the microenvironment of tissues, functions as a prognostic indicator, as well as a therapeutic target. Despite the extensive information on CD38 and the scale of efforts in developing and optimizing therapies targeting various B cell-related diseases, there is still ongoing fundamental research addressing its basic functions on healthy human B cells, which is well needed. Using an adapted methodology to measure and analyze intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration changes in B cells upon anti-Ig activation, this study describes the possible effect of CD38 cell surface expression on the rapid Ca²⁺ flux response of different B cell subsets from healthy individuals, aiming to better understand the role and influence of CD38 on B cell behavior. Circulating B cell subpopulations bearing IgM type BCRs showed marked differences in their Ca²⁺ flux characteristics according to their respective expression levels of CD38, with the CD38^high transitional cells being visibly different from their transitional and naïve CD38⁺ and CD38^- counterparts, and the unswitched CD38^- cells being clearly distinct based on their Ca²⁺ flux pattern from the CD38⁺ cells in the same compartment, in a setting where CD38 expression was the sole differentiating factor among the subpopulations. The CD38^- unswitched cells had the highest maximum Ca²⁺ concentration among the IgM-expressing populations achieved during anti-IgM stimulation. IgG⁺ class-switched memory cells were clustered uniformly by their activation patterns, showed strong responses to anti-IgG stimulation, with no significant correlations to CD38 expression levels. While our research could not fully separate the functional effects of CD38, this work revealed descriptive data concerning the differential kinetic Ca²⁺ responses of circulating B cells, categorized by their CD38 expression levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e1377217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148829467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Reprogramming of T Cells by MSCs Rebalances Th17/Treg Axis to Attenuate Collagen-Induced Arthritis.","authors":"Xiaoping Wang, Jingjing He, Qun Wang, Xue Liu, Haoming Yuan, Lu Jin, Meng Ding, Lin Yang, Shaoxin Cui, Fei Chang, Tong Xin, Hongtao Jin, Min Shi, Yongzhou Song, Wensen Pan, Aijing Liu","doi":"10.1155/jimr/1862250","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/1862250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by dysregulated T cell responses and metabolic disturbances. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown therapeutic promise, but their mechanisms, particularly concerning T cell metabolism, remain incompletely defined. This study investigated whether human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) by modulating T cell metabolism and differentiation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CIA was induced in DBA/1 mice. Animals received PBS or hUC-MSCs on day 28. Arthritis index (AI), joint histology, serum cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and TGF-β), and metabolites (lactate and pyruvate) were assessed. Splenic T cell transcription factors (FOXP3, RORγt, and PU.1) and glycolytic genes (GLUT1, G6PD, and PFKFB3) were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. In vitro, human CD4⁺ T cells were cocultured with hUC-MSCs under T-helper 17 (Th17)-polarizing conditions. T cell subsets, glycolytic metabolites, and gene/protein expression were evaluated by flow cytometry, colorimetric assays, RT-qPCR, and western blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MSC treatment significantly attenuated arthritis severity, joint destruction, and splenomegaly in CIA mice. It reduced serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and normalized elevated lactate and pyruvate levels. In the spleen, MSCs suppressed RORγt and PU.1 while enhancing FOXP3 expression, and downregulated GLUT1 and G6PD mRNA. Positive correlations were found between glycolytic markers (GLUT1 and G6PD) and pro-inflammatory transcription factors (RORγt and PU.1), and between serum lactate and inflammatory cytokines. In vitro, hUC-MSCs directly inhibited Th17 differentiation and promoted Treg generation in human CD4⁺ T cells. This metabolic reprogramming was functionally coupled to a shift in T cell differentiation: a suppression of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells and a promotion of regulatory T (Treg) generation in human CD4⁺ T cells. This was accompanied by reduced lactate production and significant downregulation of GLUT1, G6PD, and PFKFB3 at both mRNA and protein levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>hUC-MSCs ameliorate CIA by restoring the Th17/Treg balance through metabolic reprogramming of T cells, specifically by suppressing glycolysis. This immunometabolic mechanism highlights the therapeutic potential of MSCs in RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e1862250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13247138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokine Signatures Outperform Immune Subsets in Machine Learning Models for Predicting Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease at Neutrophil Engraftment.","authors":"Mohini Mendiratta, Praful Pandey, Shobhit Pandey, Sandeep Rai, Meenakshi Mendiratta, Hridayesh Prakash, Shuvadeep Ganguly, Archana Sasi, Ritu Gupta, Prabhat Singh Malik, Raja Pramanik, Sachin Kumar, Baibaswata Nayak, Riyaz Ahmed Mir, Sameer Bakhshi, Deepam Pushpam, Mukul Aggarwal, Aditya Kumar Gupta, Rishi Dhawan, Tulika Seth, Manoranjan Mahapatra, Ranjit Kumar Sahoo","doi":"10.1155/jimr/1066614","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/1066614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is a major immune complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT), driven by complex immune-cytokine interactions. This study employed machine learning (ML) algorithms to develop early predictive models for aGvHD using immune and cytokine profiles of Allo-HSCT recipients at the time of engraftment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seventy patients with hematological disorders undergoing their first Allo-HSCT were recruited prospectively. Peripheral blood immune subsets and cytokines were analyzed using flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. ML models, including support vector classifier (SVC), decision tree, and random forest, were trained on 48 features: 34 immune subsets and 14 cytokines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients who developed aGvHD exhibited a reduced CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio, lower Tregs, elevated Th1, Th17, cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), B cell, and increased proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IP-10, TNF-α, IL-17α, IL-12p70, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES). ML models demonstrated excellent predictive performance, with cytokine profiles alone or combined with immune data achieving perfect accuracy (1.00), followed by T-cell (0.96), NK cell (0.93), DC (0.90), and B cell (0.86) models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cytokine profiles emerged as superior predictors over immune subsets, supporting their integration into ML-based aGvHD risk prediction. These findings provide a foundation for developing biomarker-guided strategies for early aGvHD detection and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e1066614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13140371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147433502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Monkeypox Virus Infection on Pregnancy Outcome: Clinical Features and Potential Pathogenic Mechanisms.","authors":"Jingyi Wu, Fangbin Huang, Qingliang Zheng","doi":"10.1155/jimr/5158686","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/5158686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monkeypox has garnered significant attention following its emergence in multiple countries and its designation as a global health emergency in 2022. There is a notable deficiency in clinical and experimental data regarding pregnancy outcomes following monkeypox infection. The complications associated with monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection, including fetal miscarriage, preterm delivery, and congenital infections, have not been adequately addressed, and there is a lack of effective clinical interventions. Two clades of MPXV have been identified: clades I and II, with clade I being the predominant strain previously associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Clade IIb has also been implicated in potential vertical transmission from mother to child. Infection of a pregnant individual with MPXV can lead to fetal conditions, such as generalized diffuse herpes hydatidis and extensive hemorrhage within the placenta. MPXV is thought to evade the immune response primarily by inhibiting interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral effects, suppressing host immune recognition, dampening host inflammatory responses, and modulating cellular apoptosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, potential routes of vertical transmission, and possible pathogenic mechanisms of MPXV infection in pregnant women, thereby serving as a valuable reference for future diagnostic, therapeutic, and pharmacological strategies in managing MPXV-related pregnancy complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e5158686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13140440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147433339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing Reference Intervals for Adult Lymphocyte Subsets: Single-Platform Volume Analysis Reveals Age- and Sex-Specific Trajectories of Immunosenescence.","authors":"Linjuan Yao, Hui Fang, Shibo He, Jianchao Wang, Xin Jin","doi":"10.1155/jimr/3532462","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jimr/3532462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current clinical reference intervals for lymphocyte subsets lack age- and sex-specific stratification, limiting accurate immune assessment. This study aimed to establish such stratified reference intervals in a large cohort of healthy adults aged 20-60 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1760 healthy adults were included. The absolute counts and percentage distributions of peripheral blood (PB) lymphocyte subsets were determined via flow cytometry (FCM) using a single-platform volume method. Differences between age groups and sexes were then compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The absolute counts of total T cells and CD8⁺ T cells decreased with advancing age, whereas the absolute counts of CD4⁺ T cells remained relatively stable, although their percentage increased with age. There was a significant difference in immunological age between the 20-40-year-old and 41-60-year-old groups. Concurrently, the results of this study revealed immunological sexual dimorphism; however, this disparity tended to diminish in the 51-60-year-old group because of changes in female sex hormones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study established refined reference intervals for adult lymphocyte subsets. The physiological ageing of the immune system constitutes a nonlinear dynamic process, and the establishment of two-dimensional reference intervals based on both sex and age is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":15952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunology Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e3532462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13562915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148929879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}