{"title":"Epidemiology and diversity of gastrointestinal tract helminths of wild ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa: a review.","authors":"V Phetla, M Chaisi, M P Malatji","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000361","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0022149X24000361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review summarises studies on distribution, diversity, and prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infections in wild ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa. The results showed that 109 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) helminth species or species complexes were recorded in 10 sub-Saharan African countries. South Africa reported the highest number of species because most studies were carried out in this country. Eighty-eight nematode species or species complexes were recorded from 30 wild ruminant species across eight countries. The genus <i>Trichostrongylus</i> recorded the highest number of species and utilised the highest number of wild ruminant species, and along <i>with Haemonchus</i> spp., was the most widely distributed geographically. Fifteen trematode species or species complexes were reported from seven countries. The genus <i>Paramphistomum</i> recorded the highest number of species, and <i>Calicophoron calicophoron</i> was the most commonly occurring species in sub-Saharan African countries and infected the highest number of hosts. Six cestode species or species complexes from one family were documented from 14 wild hosts in seven countries. <i>Moniezia</i> spp. were the most commonly distributed in terms of host range and geographically. Impala were infected by the highest number of nematodes, whilst Nyala were infected by the highest number of trematode species. Greater kudu and Impala harbored the largest number of cestodes. The prevalence amongst the three GIT helminths taxa ranged between 1.4% and 100% for nematodes, 0.8% and 100% for trematodes, and 1.4% and 50% for cestodes. There is still limited information on the distribution and diversity of GIT helminths in wild ruminants in most sub-Saharan African countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cestode diversity in shrews from islands in the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk.","authors":"S A Kornienko, N E Dokuchaev","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X24000324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A comparative analysis of taxonomic diversity on shrew cestodes among four islands in the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk (Sakhalin, Kunashir, Hokkaido, and Moneron) was performed. Cestode species shared among the islands were identified and their host specificity was investigated. On Sakhalin Island, 33 species of the families Hymenolepididae, Dilepididae and Mesocestoididae were recorded in four shrew species (<i>Sorex caecutiens</i>, <i>S. gracillimus</i>, <i>S. minutissimus</i> and <i>S. unguiculatus</i>). In <i>S. caecutiens</i>, <i>S. gracillimus</i>, and <i>S. unguiculatus</i> on Kunashir Island, 22 species of the same families were found and, on Hokkaido Island, 23 species of the families Hymenolepididae and Dilepididae were recorded. On Moneron Island, three species of cestodes were registered in <i>S. tundrensis.</i> The Sakhalin-Hokkaido-Kunashir complex of shrew cestodes includes eastern-Palearctic, trans-Palearctic and endemic species. High endemism (~22%) of shrew tapeworms in the Sakhalin-Kunashir-Hokkaido Islands was noted as compared to continental territories. The different numbers of cestode species in <i>S. unguiculatus</i> (31), <i>S. caecutiens</i> (29), <i>S. gracillimus</i> (19) and <i>S. minutissimus</i> (1) were found. It was concluded that the cestodes species diversity of shrews of Sakhalin-Kunashir-Hokkaido depended primarily on the history of island formation, their modern physical and geographical features, the abundance of definitive and intermediate cestodes hosts and, to a lesser extent, on the size and remoteness of the islands from the mainland and the diversity of host species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S G Sokolov, S A Vlasenkov, S V Bugmyrin, A P Kalmykov, D I Lebedeva
{"title":"Phylogeny and morphology of some European cyathocotylid digeneans (Trematoda: Diplostomoidea).","authors":"S G Sokolov, S A Vlasenkov, S V Bugmyrin, A P Kalmykov, D I Lebedeva","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X24000348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Cyathocotylidae Mühling, 1898 is a family of primitive diplostomoid trematodes important for understanding the evolution of the superfamily Diplostomoidea. However, cyathocotylids remain poorly studied with the use of molecular techniques. In this study we sequenced the 5.8S + ITS2 region, <i>28S rRNA</i>, and <i>cox1</i> genes of two cyathocotylid species and obtained new morphological data on them. We propose <i>Georduboisia</i> nom. nov. instead of the preoccupied name <i>Duboisia</i> Szidat, 1936 (junior homonym of <i>Duboisia</i> Stremme, 1911). Adults of <i>Georduboisia</i> cf. <i>teganuma</i> (Ishii, 1935) and <i>Paracoenogonimus ovatus</i> Katsurada, 1914 were collected from fish-eating birds in the south of the European part of Russia. <i>Georduboisia</i> cf. <i>teganuma</i> was very similar to <i>G.</i><i>teganuma</i> but differed from it in the shape of the testes. The <i>28S rRNA</i> gene dataset provided the best-resolved phylogeny of the Cyathocotylidae to date. In the phylogram based on partial sequences of this gene, <i>P. ovatus</i> was close to members of <i>Holostephanoides</i> Dubois, 1983, <i>Neogogatea</i> Chandler & Rausch, 1947 and <i>Gogatea</i> Szidat, 1936. <i>Georduboisia</i> cf. <i>teganuma</i> clustered with members of <i>Cyathocotyle</i> Mühling, 1896 and <i>Holostephanus</i> Szidat, 1936. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 5.8S + ITS2 dataset showed that adults of <i>P. ovatus</i> examined in our study were conspecific with the metacercariae from the musculature of fish collected in Hungary and Italy. It also revealed probable misidentifications of larvae and adults of cyathocotylids whose sequences are deposited in GenBank NCBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R Beltrí, H R Monteiro, D Toubarro, N Simões, A Garriga
{"title":"Biocontrol potential of six <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> strains isolated in the Azores Archipelago.","authors":"R Beltrí, H R Monteiro, D Toubarro, N Simões, A Garriga","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X24000336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are closely associated with <i>Popillia japonica</i> and potentially used as their biological control agents, although field results proved inconsistent and evoked a continual pursuit of native EPNs more adapted to the environment. Therefore, we surveyed the Azorean Archipelago to isolate new strains of <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> and to evaluate their virulence against the model organism <i>Galleria mellonella</i> under laboratory conditions. Six strains were obtained from pasture and coastal environments and both nematode and symbiont bacteria were molecularly identified. The bioassays revealed that Az172, Az186, and Az171 presented high virulence across the determination of a lethal dose (LD50) and short exposure time experiments with a comparable performance to Az29. After 72 hours, these virulent strains presented a mean determination of a lethal dose of 11 infective juveniles cm<sup>-2</sup>, a lethal time (LT50) of 34 hours, and achieved 40% mortality after an initial exposure time of only 60 minutes. Az170 exhibited an intermediate performance, whereas Az179 and Az180 were classified as low virulent strains. However, both strains presented the highest reproductive potential with means of 1700 infective juveniles/mg of larvae. The bioassays of the native EPNs obtained revealed that these strains hold the potential to be used in biological control initiatives targeting <i>P. japonica</i> because of their high virulence and locally adapted to environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Monemi, M Behdani, E Mahdikhani-Moghadam, N Amirzadi, M R Atighi, W Ye, F Jahanshahi Afshar, M Pedram
{"title":"Data on four species of <i>Longidorus</i> Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from southern and southeastern Iran, including description of a new species.","authors":"S Monemi, M Behdani, E Mahdikhani-Moghadam, N Amirzadi, M R Atighi, W Ye, F Jahanshahi Afshar, M Pedram","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X24000282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four species of the genus <i>Longidorus</i> were recovered from southern (Bushehr province) and southeastern (Southern Khorasan province) Iran. The first species, <i>L. paratabrizicus</i> n. sp. represents a new member to the genus and is characterised by 4.8-5.6 mm long females with anteriorly flattened lip region separated from the rest of the body by depression, amphidial fovea pocket-shaped without lobes, tail conical, dorsally convex, ventrally almost straight with bluntly rounded tip and males in population. By having similar lip region and tail shape, the new species most closely resembles five species <i>viz. L. artemisiae, L. globulicauda, L. patuxentensis, L. sturhani</i>, and <i>L. tabrizicus</i>. It represents the cryptic form of the last species. The second species belongs to <i>L. mirus</i>, recovered in both southern and southeastern Iran, representing the first record of the species after its original description. As an update to the characteristics of this species, it's all juvenile developmental stages were recovered and described. The criteria to separate L. mirus from two closely related species, <i>L. auratus</i> and <i>L. africanus</i>, are discussed. The third species belongs to <i>L. persicus</i>, a new record in southern Iran. The fourth species, <i>L. orientalis</i> was recovered in high population density in association with date palm trees in Bushehr province. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species and recovered populations of <i>L. mirus</i> and <i>L. persicus</i> were reconstructed using two ribosomal markers and the resulted topologies were discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E M Fawzy, M A Selim, N E Mostafa, R M Abdelhameed, A M Darwish, A M Yousef, M A Alabiad, M N Ibrahim, H M Fawzy, E F Abdel Hamed
{"title":"The prophylactic and therapeutic impact of <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> larvae excretory secretory antigens- loaded Ca-BTC metal organic frameworks on induced murine colitis.","authors":"E M Fawzy, M A Selim, N E Mostafa, R M Abdelhameed, A M Darwish, A M Yousef, M A Alabiad, M N Ibrahim, H M Fawzy, E F Abdel Hamed","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X24000191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background: Inflammatory bowel disease is an autoimmune disease that affects the gut. <i>T. spiralis</i> larvae (E/S Ags) loaded on calcium-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate metal-organic frameworks (Ca-BTC MOFs) were tested to determine whether they might prevent or cure acetic acid-induced murine colitis. Methods: <i>T. spiralis</i> larvae E/S Ags/Ca-BTC MOFs were used in prophylactic and therapeutic groups to either precede or follow the development of murine colitis. On the seventh day after colitis, mice were slaughtered. The effect of our target antigens on the progress of the colitis was evaluated using a variety of measures, including survival rate, disease activity index, colon weight/bodyweight, colon weight/length) ratios, and ratings for macroscopic and microscopic colon damage. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (interferon-γ and interleukin-4), oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase in serum samples were evaluated. Foxp3 T-reg expression was carried out in colonic and splenic tissues. Results: <i>T. spiralis</i> larvae E/S Ags/Ca-BTC MOFs were the most effective in alleviating severe inflammation in murine colitis. The survival rate, disease activity index score, colon weight/length and colon weight/bodyweight ratios, and gross and microscopic colon damage scores have all considerably improved. A large decrease in proinflammatory cytokine (interferon-γ) and oxidative stress marker (malondialdehyde) expression and a significant increase in interleukin-4 and glutathione peroxidase expression were obtained. The expression of Foxp3+ Treg cells was elevated in colonic and splenic tissues. Conclusion: <i>T. spiralis</i> larvae E/S Ags/Ca-BTC MOFs had the highest anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective capabilities against murine colitis and might be used to develop new preventative and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141088147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nashaat E Nassef, Sawsan S Shendi, Abdel-Gawad E Saad, Nancy M Harba, Engy V N Beshay, Asmaa Shams El-Dein Mohamed, Marwa A Gouda
{"title":"An in vivo appraisal of Punica granatum peel extract's ultrastructural effect on cystic echinococcosis in mice.","authors":"Nashaat E Nassef, Sawsan S Shendi, Abdel-Gawad E Saad, Nancy M Harba, Engy V N Beshay, Asmaa Shams El-Dein Mohamed, Marwa A Gouda","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X24000300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the past decade, interest has significantly increased regarding the medicinal and nutritional benefits of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel. This study examined the effects of using pomegranate peel extract (PGE) alone and in combination with albendazole (ABZ) on ultrastructural and immunological changes in cystic echinococcosis in laboratory-infected mice. Results revealed that the smallest hydatid cyst size and weight (0.48 ± 0.47mm, 0.17 ± 0.18 gm) with the highest drug efficacy (56.2%) was detected in the PGE + ABZ group, which also exhibited marked histopathological improvement. Ultrastructural changes recorded by transmission electron microscopy including fragmentation of the nucleus, glycogen depletion, and multiple lysosomes in vacuolated cytoplasm were more often observed in PGE + ABZ group. IFN-γ levels were significantly increased in the group treated with ABZ, with a notable reduction following PGE treatment, whether administered alone or in combination with ABZ. Thus, PGE enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of ABZ, with improvement in histopathological and ultrastructural changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W Peraza-Padilla, J Aráuz-Badilla, C Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, J E Palomares-Rius, A Archidona-Yuste, P Castillo
{"title":"A new ring nematode, <i>Xenocriconemella costaricense</i> sp. nov., (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Costa Rica.","authors":"W Peraza-Padilla, J Aráuz-Badilla, C Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, J E Palomares-Rius, A Archidona-Yuste, P Castillo","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X24000294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During nematode surveys of natural vegetation in forests of La Cima de Copey de Dota, San José, San José province, Costa Rica, a <i>Xenocriconemella</i> species closely resembling <i>X. macrodora</i> and related species was found. Integrative taxonomical approaches demonstrated that it is a new species described herein as <i>X. costaricense</i> sp. nov. The new species is parthenogenetic (only females have been detected) and characterised by a short body (276-404 μm); lip region with two annuli, not offset, not separated from body contour; first lip annulus partially covering the second lip annulus. Stylet thin, very long (113-133 μm) and flexible, occupying 30.5-47.8% of body length. Excretory pore located from one or two annuli anterior to one or two annuli posterior to level of stylet knobs, at 42 (37-45) μm from anterior end. Female genital tract monodelphic, prodelphic, outstretched, and occupying 35-45% of body length, with vagina slightly ventrally curved (14-18 μm long). Anus located 6-11 annuli from the tail terminus. Tail conoid and bluntly rounded terminus, the last 2-3 annuli oriented dorsally. Results of molecular characterisation and phylogenetic analyses of D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA, ITS, and partial 18S rRNA, as well as cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 gene sequences further characterised the new species and clearly separated it from <i>X. macrodora</i> and other related species (<i>X. iberica</i>, <i>X. paraiberica</i>, and <i>X. pradense</i>).</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of <i>Lepidapedon oregonense</i> as the current world's deepest trematode.","authors":"T Waki, T Kumagai, Y Nishino","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X24000269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The deepest recorded depth for trematodes currently stands at approximately 6200 m. This depth record was achieved solely through sequence datasets of <i>Lepidapedon</i> sp. obtained from a gastropod. Given that trematodes of this genus typically use fish as definitive hosts, the origin of the trematode sequence was thought to be larval stages. However, the specific species remained unclear owing to the absence of reported adult-stage sequences. In the present study, we definitively identified the deepest trematode as <i>Lepidapedon oregonense</i> by comparing 28S ribosomal DNA sequences from adult worms from the macrourid fish <i>Coelorinchus gilberti</i> with data from the gastropod in the previous study.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140891311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergey G Sokolov, Fuat K Khasanov, Sergei A Vlasenkov
{"title":"Phylogenetic position of <i>Ancyrocephalus (sensu lato) curtus</i> Achmerov, 1952 (Monopisthocotylea, Dactylogyridae), a parasite of fish Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877(Gobiiformes: Odontobutidae).","authors":"Sergey G Sokolov, Fuat K Khasanov, Sergei A Vlasenkov","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X24000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X24000270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Ancyrocephalus sensu lato</i> is a large assemblage of species of dactylogyrid monopisthocotyleans without clear taxonomic boundaries. Despite an urgent need for revision, only three representatives of this taxon have been molecularly characterised so far. We found specimens of <i>Ancyrocephalus curtus</i>, a previously non-genotyped species, in gills of <i>Perccottus glenii</i> caught in the River Syumnyur, Amur Basin, Russia. The aim of this study was to assess the phylogenetic position of this parasite using partial sequences of 28S rRNA gene. In the phylogenetic tree, <i>A. curtus</i> appeared as a sister taxon to the dactylogyrine genus <i>Gobioecetes.</i> The new molecular evidence supports the hypothesis about the non-monophyletic status of <i>Ancyrocephalus sensu lato.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140850468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}