Journal of Helminthology最新文献

{"title":"Ameliorative effects of resveratrol versus sulforaphane on muscular trichinellosis in mice: The role of SIRT1 and SLC7A11 expression.","authors":"E S Ibrahim, A A Maghawry, S A Shawky, H K E-Lfeky","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X26102272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X26102272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Trichinella spiralis</i> (<i>T. spiralis</i>) infection induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and increased larval burden. Albendazole (ABZ) remains the standard treatment; however, adjunct therapies may enhance host protection. Thus, this study aimed to comparatively evaluate, for the first time, the individual therapeutic and antioxidant effects of resveratrol (RSV) and sulforaphane (SFN) relative to standard ABZ therapy against trichinellosis, along with the associated biochemical and histopathological changes in mice. Mice were divided into five main groups: <b>(I):</b> Non-infected, non-treated; (<b>II):</b> Infected, non-treated; <b>(III):</b> Infected mice treated with ABZ; <b>(IV):</b> Infected mice treated with RSV; and <b>(V):</b> Infected mice treated with SFN. Drug efficacy was evaluated through parasitological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses. Infection resulted in a significant rise in larval burden, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, with disruption of antioxidant defences. ABZ produced the greatest reduction in larval load. Both RSV and SFN significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines compared to ABZ alone. RSV exerted a more pronounced effect on sirtuin enzyme isoform 1 (SIRT1) expression. SFN showed stronger activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms and increased solute carrier family 7-member 11 (SLC7A11) expression. In conclusion, RSV and SFN effectively mitigate <i>T. spiralis</i>-induced oxidative stress and inflammation and may represent promising candidate agents for future adjunct therapy with ABZ in the management of trichinellosis, pending evaluation in combination.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"100 ","pages":"e131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149080586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microanatomy and ultrastructure of praesoma in acanthellae of <i>Arhythmorhynchus teres</i> Van Cleave, 1920 (Acanthocephala: Palaeacanthocephala).","authors":"E Skorobrekhova","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X26102429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X26102429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The structure of the praesoma in the acanthocephalan <i>Arhythmorhynchus teres</i> Van Cleave, 1920 at the middle acanthella I stage has been examined by light and transmission electron microscopy methods. Acanthocephalan specimens were retrieved from naturally infected intermediate hosts, <i>Bulychevia ochotensis</i> (Brandt, 1851) (Amphipoda, Talitridae). In the studied acanthellae, the primordia of the proboscis receptacle, proboscis, circular muscles, proboscis retractor, and cerebral ganglion are clearly differentiated in the praesoma. The tegument contained giant nuclei arranged into annular rows oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis of the body. At the anterior pole of the acanthellae, three apical nuclei were present; they were densely grouped and considerably smaller than the giant nuclei. The proboscis primordium consisted of vertical cytoplasmic strands (hook primordia) that, together with the basal cytoplasm of the anterior pole tegument, formed an outgrowth protruding into the acanthella's body cavity. Thus, similar to the other members of the class Palaeacanthocephala, the proboscis of acanthocephalan <i>A. teres</i> is initially formed in an inverted state. Two layers of muscles surround the proboscis: the proboscis retractor and a layer of circular musculature that closely surrounds the developing proboscis, forming a muscular sheath. Six nuclei are found in certain areas of the cytoplasm of the circular muscles. The tubular proboscis retractor surrounds the proboscis together with the primordium of circular musculature, extends around the cerebral ganglion, and attaches to the base of the proboscis receptacle. Four nuclei at the apex of the inverted proboscis were located in the cytoplasm of the hook primordia, while another two nuclei were in the cytoplasm of the circular musculature primordium.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"100 ","pages":"e133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149080994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description of <i>Ficophagus siddiqii</i> n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) associated with <i>Ficus amplissima</i> (Moraceae) from India.","authors":"C D Waghmare, M R Khan, V S Somvanshi, M N Islam, R Sultana","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X26102363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X26102363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new nematode population of the genus <i>Ficophagus</i> was recovered from figs of <i>Ficus amplissima</i> from ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. It is described herein as <i>Ficophagus siddiqii</i> n. sp., distinguished among all known species of the genus by its slender, cylindrical female body and presence of four faint lateral incisures at mid-body, with the outermost pair being the most prominent; a short post-uterine sac (PUS; 5.0-10 μm), a secretory-excretory pore situated near the lips, amoeboid sperm, and three pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail. Conoid tail in both sexes; the male tail tip broadly rounded without mucro and female tail tip pointed or spike-like projection. Gubernaculum absent, rose-thorn-shaped spicules with relatively high condylus - rounded to truncate. This species is also distinguished by its biogeography and host plant, as it is collected from <i>Ficus amplissima.</i> Further, it is characterised by molecular sequences of 18S SSU, 28S D2-D3, Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I (<i>COI</i>), and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). Molecular comparisons of the Indian population of <i>Ficophagus siddiqii</i> n. sp. with other <i>Ficophagus</i> species using D2-D3, SSU, <i>COI, and ITS sequences revealed a</i> clear separation of <i>Ficophagus siddiqii</i> n. sp. from other <i>Ficophagus</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"100 ","pages":"e132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149080566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolving the identity of an enigmatic cestode of rodents and birds: <i>Hymenolepis murissylvatici</i> (Rudolphi, 1819) transferred to the genus <i>Variolepis</i> Spasskii and Spasskaya, 1954.","authors":"J M Behnke, M Alsarraf, N J Morley, R K Grencis, J A Jackson","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X26102211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X26102211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wood mice (<i>Apodemus sylvaticus</i>), yellow-necked mice (<i>A. flavicollis</i>) and voles (<i>Microtus agrestis</i>) from the British Isles and from the European mainland have been reported to carry a cestode referred to as <i>Hymenolepis murissylvatici.</i> However, based on the morphometrics of diagnostic characters, Prokopič (1967) showed that isolates of this species from wood mice were indistinguishable from a species parasitizing a range of birds, which he referred to as <i>Variolepis crenata.</i> Subsequently, Vaucher et al (2003) showed that this was not a valid conclusion. Here, we track the key nomenclature changes associated with isolates from rodents and birds. Following recent revisions of genera in the Hymenolepididae, including the reinstatement of <i>Variolepis</i> as a valid genus, and based on both published morphometric criteria and 28S rDNA sequencing, we conclude that synonymy of <i>H. murissylvatici</i> from rodents with <i>V. crenata</i> from birds is not safe. Instead, we propose that until molecular genetic analyses of isolates from woodpeckers, passerine birds, and rodents have been completed, reference to this species as <i>Variolepis murissylvatici</i> comb. nov. is currently more appropriate and justified by available information. We review studies recording <i>V. murissylvatici</i> in wild rodents, and experiments in which the host-parasite relationship of this cestode was explored in laboratory mice and identify directions for future exploration of the biology of this enigmatic species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"100 ","pages":"e127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149074124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative characterisation of <i>Longidorus parasabalanicus</i> sp. nov. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from northern Iran, with remarks on its morphological affinity to <i>L. sabalanicus</i>.","authors":"S N Banihashemian, M Asgari, S Álvarez-Ortega, A Yahyavi Azad, A Eskandari","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X26101990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X26101990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new needle nematode, <i>Longidorus parasabalanicus</i> sp. nov. (Nematoda: Longidoridae), was collected from the rhizosphere of <i>Astragalus</i> spp. in mountainous areas of northern Iran. The species is characterised by a medium-sized body (female 4.0-4.8 mm; male 4.3-5.1 mm), lip region anteriorly flattened and laterally rounded, <i>ca</i> 12.5-14.5 μm wide, and separated from the body by a shallow depression, amphidial fovea pocket-shaped without basal lobes, moderate odontostyle (75.0-84.0 μm) and odontophore (50.0-58.0 μm), and guiding ring located at 27-33 μm from the anterior end. The pharyngeal bulb has the common arrangement of pharyngeal glands. Females have a vulva almost equatorial (V = 50-56%), short tail rounded to bluntly conoid, 41.0-47.0 μm long (c = 89.0-113.0, c' = 0.9-1.2), with two pairs of caudal pores and a broadly rounded terminus with distinct radial lines in the hyaline region. Males are common, with spicules 68.0-80.0 μm long and eight to ten ventromedian supplements. All four juvenile stages are present, with the first-stage juvenile having a conoid tail, dorsoventrally curved with a rounded terminus. The polytomous codes for the new species are: A23-B2-C3(2)-D3-E1-F2-G1(2)-H12-I2-J1-K6. Morphologically, <i>L. parasabalanicus</i> sp. nov. is most similar to <i>L. sabalanicus</i>, and together with <i>L. tabrizicus</i> and <i>L. paratabrizicus</i>, belongs to a closely related species complex, from which it can be distinguished by a combination of subtle but consistent morphometric characters. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA, partial 18S rDNA, ITS1, and mitochondrial <i>COI</i> sequences support its recognition as a distinct lineage within the genus. Phylogenetic trees recover the new species in a well-supported clade with <i>L. sabalanicus</i> and other closely related species from Iran and the Mediterranean. This study provides comprehensive morphological, morphometric, and molecular data for delimiting the new species and contributes to understanding <i>Longidorus</i> diversity in Iran and adjacent regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"100 ","pages":"e128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and determinants of urogenital schistosomiasis among Tanzanian primary school children.","authors":"T E Nkya, C J Luvanda","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X26102387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X26102387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urogenital schistosomiasis remains a significant public health problem among school-aged children in Tanzania despite ongoing preventive chemotherapy. This study determined the prevalence of laboratory-confirmed <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> infection and assessed knowledge and behavioural factors associated with infection among primary school children in an urban district of Tanzania. A school-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 384 children selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and laboratory examination of urine specimens by the standard urine filtration technique. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with laboratory-confirmed infection. The overall prevalence of <i>S. haematobium</i> infection was 11.2% (95% CI: 8.1-14.4), with 90.7% of infected children having light-intensity infections. Younger children aged 9-11 years were at significantly higher risk of infection than older children. Previous schistosomiasis diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.52-11.33; <i>p</i> = 0.005) and unemployment of the head of household (AOR = 5.92, 95% CI: 1.16-30.32; <i>p</i> = 0.033) were independently associated with infection. Overall, 45.3% of participants demonstrated good knowledge of urogenital schistosomiasis; however, infection persisted despite relatively high levels of awareness. Urogenital schistosomiasis remains endemic among primary school children in this urban setting, indicating ongoing transmission despite school-based control programmes. Strengthening integrated control strategies that combine preventive chemotherapy with health education, improved water, sanitation, and hygiene, and interventions that reduce exposure to contaminated freshwater is essential to accelerate progress towards schistosomiasis elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"100 ","pages":"e130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149074964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Stomoxys</i> as vectors of <i>Stephanofilaria dinniki</i> in rhinoceros.","authors":"S Mihok, R Kock, R F Kruger","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X26102338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X26102338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We took advantage of rhinoceros translocations and entomological studies in the 1990s to elucidate some aspects of the biology of <i>Stephanofilaria</i> in Kenya, which remains largely undocumented. Blood samples from 88 black and 27 white rhinos were screened for microfilariae during routine haematology. Microfilariae matching <i>S. dinniki</i> were found in three individual black rhinos on single occasions and were not found in white rhino<i>s;</i> the parasite was not transmissible to tsetse or laboratory mice. Thousands of proboscides of 19 species of Stomoxyinae and other Diptera were dissected from Nairobi National Park and Solio Ranch to detect larval forms of filarial nematodes. <i>Stephanofilaria</i> was found in seven <i>Stomoxys</i> species at low prevalence (< 2%, mean of nine per fly), with a few similar parasites found in two <i>Haematobosca species.</i> Larval filaria were measured for basic landmarks and were described through light microscopy. This information now provides a foundation for more detailed studies of the life cycle of this parasite.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"100 ","pages":"e129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commensal oerstediid nemerteans from deep-sea styelid ascidians.","authors":"Hiroki Sato, Yo Asada, Yusuke Motomura","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X26102223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X26102223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a new commensal relationship between oerstediid nemerteans and deep-sea ascidians. A total of six nemertean individuals were collected from the peribranchial cavities of several Styelidae ascidians attached to small rocks at bathyal depths (1,400-1,409 m) off northeastern Japan in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analyses based on combined mitochondrial cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S rRNA, histone H3, 18S rRNA, and 28S rRNA gene sequences placed this species within the 'Clade <i>Gononemertes</i>' of the hoplonemertean family Oerstediidae. Previous records of commensalism between nemerteans and deep-sea ascidians are restricted to the genus <i>Culeolus</i> (Pyuridae). The present finding therefore suggests that ascidian-host diversity may be greater in Oerstediidae than previously recognised.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"100 ","pages":"e125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two novel species of <i>Gyrodactylus</i> (Platyhelminthes: Monogenoidea: Gyrodactylidae) parasitising Day's mystus, <i>Mystus bleekeri</i> (Siluriformes: Bagridae), with an annotated checklist of gyrodactylids reported from the fishes of India.","authors":"S Singh, D C Kritsky, C Hahn, S Prakash, A Tripathi","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X26102247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X26102247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to (1) assess the diversity of <i>Gyrodactylus</i> species infecting Day's mystus, <i>Mystus bleekeri</i> (Siluriformes: Bagridae), in northern India; (2) provide genetic resources for two new species to support taxonomy, phylogeny, and diagnostics; and (3) compile an annotated checklist of <i>Gyrodactylus</i> species from Indian freshwater fishes. Between 2022 and 2025, two new species, <i>Gyrodactylus octoacanthicus</i> n. sp. and <i>Gyrodactylus ascia</i> n. sp., were recovered and described from the skin and gills of <i>M. bleekeri.</i> Species delimitation included the integration of morphometric analysis of sclerotised haptoral and reproductive structures with sequencing of the complete ITS rDNA region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and partial 28S rDNA. Molecular comparisons showed substantial divergences from previously described species in two markers, ITS rDNA (19.12% in <i>G. octoacanthicus</i> n. sp.; 18.07% in <i>G. ascia</i> n. sp.) and 28S rDNA (16.83% in <i>G. octoacanthicus</i> n. sp.; 8.79% in <i>G. ascia</i> n. sp.), exceeding standard species-delineation thresholds. The newly compiled checklist included 17 taxonomically valid Indian species (including the two new species), of which sequence data are available for only seven, and eight nominal or undescribed species that were considered unavailable names due to non-compliance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The replacement names <i>Gyrodactylus pandeyi</i> nom. nov. and <i>Gyrodactylus fossilisii</i> nom. nov. were proposed for the junior homonyms, <i>Gyrodactylus mizellei</i> Dubey, Gupta & Agrawal, 1990 and <i>Gyrodactylus gussevi</i> Dubey, Gupta & Agrawal, 1990, respectively. These findings highlighted significant gaps in Indian gyrodactylid diversity and taxonomy and underscored the need for further integrative studies on parasite diagnostics, aquaculture-health management, and freshwater biodiversity conservation in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"100 ","pages":"e126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden risk: Corticosteroid exposure and severe outcomes in patients with latent <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>.","authors":"J O'Brien, M J Patel, J Pérez, J Yax","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X26101965","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0022149X26101965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> is a soil-transmitted helminth capable of lifelong persistence through autoinfection, placing individuals with latent infection at risk during immunosuppression. Although corticosteroids are recognized triggers for hyperinfection and dissemination, population-level data quantifying these risks remain limited. We conducted a multicentre retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network. Adults with laboratory-confirmed latent <i>Strongyloides</i> infection (positive IgG serology) were included, while patients with active disease were excluded. Corticosteroid exposure was defined as receipt within 30 days of the index test. Propensity score matching compared outcomes between patients with latent infection who did and did not receive corticosteroids. Secondary analyses compared steroid-exposed patients with and without <i>Strongyloides</i> and evaluated prophylactic ivermectin among steroid-exposed seropositive patients. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality; secondary outcomes included sepsis, bacteraemia, and ICU admission. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated time-to-event outcomes. Among patients with latent infection, 494 received corticosteroids, and 1,501 did not. After matching, corticosteroid exposure was associated with increased 90-day mortality (9.4% vs. 4.7%; OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.19-3.72), sepsis (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.17-3.58), bacteraemia (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.41-3.23), and ICU admission (OR 2.85, 95% CI 2.03-3.98). In Cox models, corticosteroid exposure remained independently associated with higher hazards of 90-day mortality (HR 3.16, 95% CI 2.01-5.02) and sepsis (HR 3.01, 95% CI 1.72-5.23). Prophylactic ivermectin was associated with a lower risk of a composite outcome (12.9% vs. 27.1%; OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.18-0.89). These findings support enhanced screening and preventive strategies in at-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"100 ","pages":"e124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149024999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}