Journal of Helminthology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring hidden parasite diversity during a ParasiteBlitz across a coastal habitat gradient using environmental DNA metabarcoding.","authors":"K M Hill-Spanik, D M Díaz-Morales, S D Atkinson, S Georgieva, B Sures, E W Davis, N Kmentová, M P M Vanhove, R Schütz, I de Buron","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X25100801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X25100801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has lagged in parasite biodiversity assessments. We implemented this method to examine parasite diversity in sediment and water from 4 physically connected aquatic habitats in coastal South Carolina, USA, as part of a ParasiteBlitz in April 2023. Sediment was collected using a syringe corer, and water was sampled using active filtration and passive collection. Five amplicon libraries, using primers targeting portions of the mitochondrial <i>COI</i> of platyhelminths and <i>18S</i> ribosomal RNA genes of nematodes, myxozoans, microsporidians, and protists, successfully yielded parasite sequences. Out of >5.8 million sequences, we identified >1,000 parasite amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) corresponding to ~600 parasite operational taxonomic units, from 6 parasite groups. Most diversity was observed among the microsporidians, whose assay demonstrated the highest fidelity. Actively-filtered water samples captured ASVs of all 6 groups, whereas sediment captured only 4, despite yielding 3× as many ASVs. Low DNA yields from passive water samples resulted in fewer, but some unique, ASVs representing 3 parasite groups. The most efficient sampling method varied with respect to parasite group across habitats, and the parasite communities from each habitat were distinct regardless of sampling method. We detected ASVs of 9 named species, 4 of which may represent introductions to the US. The abundance of our results demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of eDNA metabarcoding for assessing parasite diversity during short, intensive surveys, and highlights the critical need for more comprehensive sequence databases and the development of primers for those parasite taxa that elude detection using eDNA methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"99 ","pages":"e114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and molecular characteristics of trematodes <i>Orientocreadium pseudobagri</i> Yamaguti, 1934, and <i>Orientocreadium elegans</i> Besprozvannykh, Ermolenko, and Devenev 2009 (Digenea: Orientocreadiidae Yamaguti, 1958) from the south of the Russian Far East.","authors":"D M Atopkin, A V Izrailskaia, A Y Khamatova, V V Besprozvannykh","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X25100825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X25100825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on morphological and molecular studies, including analysis of variation of four molecular markers, there are two orientocreadiid species, <i>Orientocreadium cf.</i><i>pseudobagri</i> and <i>O.</i><i>cf. elegans</i>, in the south of the Russian Far East. Trematodes of these two species possess morphological and molecular variation that is most possibly related to population formation processes for these species in the investigated territory. Our molecular data show that the trematode assemblages studied were subdivided for 28S rDNA markers into two large groups related to basins in different water bodies. Nucleotide sequences of these groups are closely related to each other. Within each group there are specific nucleotide substitutions that are unique for several geographical local samples of trematodes. This variation reflects local processes of divergence of these worms. Results of the median-joining network analysis based on concatenated mitochondrial <i>cox1</i> and <i>nd1</i> gene sequences support this inference, showing the existence of four groups of haplotypes of <i>Orientocreadium</i> trematodes that are associated with geographical locations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"99 ","pages":"e113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the metazoan parasite fauna of the Yellowfin tuna, <i>Thunnus albacares</i> (Bonnaterre, 1788) (Scombridae) from off the coast of Sinaloa, in northwestern Mexico.","authors":"M Grano-Maldonado, Á Robles-Cabrera, L Andrade-Gomez, B Mendoza-Garfias, M García-Varela, G Pérez-Ponce de Leon","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X25100795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X25100795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The yellowfin, <i>Thunnus albacares</i> (Bonaterre), is one of the most important resources for commercial fisheries along the Mexican Pacific coast. The parasite fauna of this important marine resource has been documented in different regions across its global distributional range. However, few studies have been conducted on parasites of tuna populations in the Cortezian Marine Ecoregion (CME) in northwestern Mexico, despite the development of the fresh and frozen sushi/sashimi-grade tuna market in recent decades. Our study aimed at identifying the metazoan parasite fauna of <i>T. albacares</i> in the CME. Between 2023 and 2024, 17 individuals were studied for parasites before being processed. Parasites were collected and identified using morphological and molecular data. One hundred twenty-five metazoan parasites were collected, representing 10 species, including the monogeneans <i>Hexostoma thynni</i> (Delaroche, 1811) Rafinesque, 1815, <i>Neobenedenia girellae</i> (Hargis, 1955) Yamaguti, 1963, and <i>Capsala</i> sp., the digenean <i>Hirudinella ahi</i> (Pallas, 1774) Baird, 1853, the larval cestode <i>Heterosphyriocephalus tergestinus</i> (Pintner, 1913) Dallarés, Carrassón and Schaeffner, 2016, larval forms of the nematode <i>Anisakis typica</i> (Diesing, 1860) Baylis, 1920, the acanthocephalan <i>Rhadinorhynchus laterospinosus</i> Amin, Heckmann, and Ha, 2011, and three species of copepods, <i>Euryphorus brachypterus</i> (Gerstaecker, 1853), <i>Pseudocycnus appendiculatus</i> Heller, 1865 and <i>Brachiella thynni</i> Cuvier, 1830<i>. Anisakis typica</i> reached the highest prevalence of infection in our samples, and along with <i>R. laterospinosus</i>, it reached the highest mean intensity values. This study reports a species that represents a zoonotic risk (<i>A. typica</i>) and contributes to the understanding of the parasite diversity of commercially important fish in the CME.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"99 ","pages":"e112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endohelminths of marine, anadromous, and freshwater three-spined sticklebacks <i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i> Linnaeus, 1758 (Perciformes: Gasterosteidae) in the White Sea.","authors":"Andrey Logvinenko, Ilya Gordeev, Vyacheslav Gorbach, Sergey Sokolov","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X25100771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X25100771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the endohelminth parasites of three-spined stickleback, <i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>, across marine, anadromous, and freshwater populations in the White Sea (Russia). A total of 241 sticklebacks were collected in Velikaya Salma Strait during 2022-2024. Thirteen helminth species were identified using morphological and molecular methods. Genetic analysis confirmed the presence of <i>Anisakis simplex sensu stricto</i>, <i>Hysterothylacium aduncum</i>, <i>Phyllodistomum folium</i>, <i>Brachyphallus crenatus</i>, and <i>Alloopistholecithum</i> cf. <i>salmonis.</i> We identified variability in parasite communities between 2022+2023 and 2024 both within and between marine, anadromous and freshwater host populations. The most striking temporal changes were observed in the parasite communities of the anadromous stickleback population, which is probably due to the different periods of time spent by the fish in fresh water in the years studied. This study highlights differences in infection of marine, anadromous, and freshwater populations of three-spined stickleback, providing insights into host-parasite dynamics across different aquatic environments in the White Sea basin.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"99 ","pages":"e111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schistosome exposure and diet induced effects on candidate immune gene expression in an African snail vector.","authors":"T Pennance, J Spaan, Y Xiong, A Churan, A Loczi-Storm, D Ward, T Islam, A Calcote, E Fuller, B Marsonette, M Odiere, M Steinauer","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X25100680","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0022149X25100680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> is a parasitic helminth that is vectored through freshwater snails. While the anti-schistosome defense of the South American snail, <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i>, is well studied, little is known about the immune response of the African snail, <i>Biomphalaria sudanica.</i> We measured expression of five candidate immune genes in <i>B. sudanica</i> 8, 24, and 72 hours post-exposure to <i>S. mansoni</i> using reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Expression patterns of incompatible snails were compared to compatible snails and those sham exposed. We also assessed how diet (lettuce vs. pellet) affected expression of three genes, given prior findings that pellet-fed snails were more susceptible to <i>S. mansoni.</i> Results indicated that incompatible snails constitutively expressed higher levels of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) than compatible snails at multiple time points, and of toll-like receptor (TLR) and granulin (GRN) at a single time point. Parasite-induced expression occurred at 8 hours in SOD1, biomphalysin 2, thioester protein 1 (TEP1), and granulin (GRN); however, for biomphalysin 2 and TEP1, induced expression was only detected for susceptible snails. At 24 hours, biomphalysin 2 expression increased in exposed resistant snails, and at 72 hours, all exposed snails decreased biomphalysin 2 expression compared to controls. Parasite-induced expression of SOD1, biomphalysin 2, TEP1, and GRN supports the hypothesis that these genes play a role in <i>B. sudanica</i> anti-schistosome defense; however, increased expression does not necessarily yield clearance of <i>S. mansoni.</i> SOD1 expression was higher in lettuce-fed snails at 8 and 24 hours, consistent with their greater resistance. Together, these results demonstrate the conserved and unique aspects of the <i>B. sudanica</i> anti-schistosome response.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"99 ","pages":"e110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification, sequence analysis, and expression profiles of Decapentaplegic (Dpp), a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in <i>Fasciola gigantica</i>.","authors":"C Suwancharoen, O Japa","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X25100692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X25100692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are a highly conserved family of proteins involved in a variety of biological processes and developmental pathways critical for proper growth and the maintenance of normal physiological functions in animals. However, the specific BMP-like ligand in <i>Fasciola gigantica</i>, a zoonotic liver fluke of major veterinary and public health importance, has not yet been clearly identified and fully characterized. In this report, we describe the molecular structure, key characteristics, evolutionary relationships, and expression patterns of <i>F. gigantica</i> Decapentaplegic (FgDpp), a putative member of the BMP family. The complete cDNA sequence of <i>FgDpp</i> was 3,765 bp in length and included a 2,811 bp coding sequence (CDS), which encodes a 936-amino-acid precursor protein. This precursor is predicted to undergo proteolytic processing to yield a 185-amino-acid mature peptide. Sequence analysis revealed two conserved domains characteristic of BMP family members: a TGF-β pro-peptide domain and a TGF-β domain containing seven conserved cysteine residues. Expression profiling across developmental stages showed that <i>FgDpp</i> is highly expressed in embryonated eggs and metacercariae, with minimal expression in unembryonated eggs, newly excysted juveniles (NEJs), and adult flukes. These findings contribute to the molecular characterization of FgDpp and suggest its potential involvement in early developmental regulation, offering a foundation for future functional studies and potential targets for parasite control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"99 ","pages":"e99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Second intermediate hosts range and their infection patterns in <i>Orthosplanchnus arcticus</i>, a potentially zoonotic parasite from the family Brachycladiidae (Digenea).","authors":"G Kremnev, V Krapivin, D Krupenko","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X25100746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X25100746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The family Brachycladiidae (Digenea) is a species-rich taxon restricted to marine mammals, well-known for its associated pathogenic load, but otherwise poorly understood. A major gap in our knowledge is their circulation pathways, as the life cycle has been elucidated only for a single brachycladiid species, <i>Orthosplanchnus arcticus</i>, a parasite of pinnipeds. Our goal was to determine whether small ocellate metacercariae previously reported from the Barents Sea edible cockles (<i>Cerastoderma edule</i>) belong to the brachycladiids. We searched for brachycladiid metacercariae in nine bivalve species across three sub-Arctic Seas. They were found in three cardiid species (<i>Ciliatocardium ciliatum</i>, <i>C. edule</i>, and <i>Serripes groenlandicus</i>) and a scallop, <i>Chlamys islandica.</i> Surprisingly, we discovered numerous brachycladiid metacercariae in a single infected whelk, <i>Buccinum undatum.</i> Obtained molecular genetic data (mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal) indicated that all these metacercariae belong to <i>O. arcticus.</i> We used statistical analysis to explore potential preferences for the second intermediate hosts in this brachycladiid species. The results suggest that bivalve size, rather than species, more accurately predicts infection patterns with <i>O. arcticus</i> metacercariae. We also found no significant differences in morphology between metacercariae from different bivalve species. As such, <i>O. arcticus</i> exhibits broad specificity for the second intermediate hosts, with larger bivalve individuals showing higher infection rates. We discuss the factors underlying this broad specificity, the benefits of larger bivalve preference, and the unequal contribution of different hosts in the transmission of a parasite. Finally, we highlight the potential zoonotic risk associated with <i>O. arcticus</i> due to human consumption of its intermediate hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"99 ","pages":"e109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Pellioditis ciscaucasica</i> n. sp. from Caucasian gastropods and a role of the invasive slug <i>Krynickillus melanocephalus</i> in dissemination of malacopathogenic nematodes.","authors":"E S Ivanova, S E Spiridonov","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X25100734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X25100734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive agriolimacid slug <i>Krynickillus melanocephalus</i> was found infected by several species of malacopathogenic nematodes of the genus <i>Pellioditis.</i> Now, this Caucasian slug is actively spreading across Europe. <i>Pellioditis</i> is a genus of nematodes capable of killing molluscs, and its two species have been developed into widely used biological control agents. As malacopathogenic nematodes can pose a threat to survival of native, susceptible gastropod species, the distribution of <i>K. melanocephalus</i> and examination of associated parasites are needed. All <i>Pellioditis</i> species found in association with <i>K. melanocephalus</i> were of Caucasian origin. The new <i>Pellioditis</i> species was found to belong to a different clade within the genus than the other five Caucasian species and is the first representative of the clade <i>Papillosa</i> in the Caucasus.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"99 ","pages":"e108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydatid cyst derived molecules potentiate the protective effect of sulfasalazine in murine induced colitis: Role of FOXP3 T-regulatory cells in colonic tissues.","authors":"A M Darwish, D S Fadaly, A S S Mohamed, N I H Ibrahim","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X25100345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X25100345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic recurrent inflammation of the colonic mucosa, has become a global emergency. With the restricted response and significant side effects of traditional drugs, a search for alternatives is mandatory. The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) and laminated layer (HLL) derived crude extract of <i>E. granulosus</i>, combined with the standard medication sulfasalazine (SLZ), for treating acetic acid-induced colitis. Mice were divided into 7 groups. A colitis model using acetic acid (150 μl of 5% con.) intrarectally was induced. On the 8th day following colitis induction, the mice were sacrificed. We assessed the severity of colitis using survival rate, disease activity index, colon weight/length ratio, colon weight/bodyweight ratio, and gross and histopathological score of colon damage. Immunohistochemistry for Foxp3 T-reg expression in colonic tissues was done. The levels of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-10, oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity in serum samples were assessed. Groups treated with a combination of SLZ+HCF and SLZ+HLL revealed a statistically significant improvement compared to the colitis group by improving disease activity index, colon weight/length ratio and colon weight/bodyweight ratio, and gross and histopathological colon damage scores. Additionally, there was a significant rise in IL-4, TAC, and Foxp3+ Treg cell expression and decreased TNF-α and MDA expression. <i>E. granulosus</i>-derived HCF and HLL potentiate the protective effect of SLZ by increasing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties against murine colitis, suggesting the potential for novel therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"99 ","pages":"e107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal dynamics of brown bear parasites: opposite trends for nematodes and protozoa.","authors":"M Laanep, A Tull, E Tammeleht, H Valdmann, M Hindrikson, U Saarma","doi":"10.1017/S0022149X25100758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X25100758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zoonotic diseases caused by parasites of wildlife origin represent a global health problem. As a top mammalian predator, the brown bear (<i>Ursus arctos</i>) can spread various parasites, including those that are potentially hazardous to human health. However, data on brown bear parasite fauna in Europe, and especially its seasonal dynamics, are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse brown bear gastrointestinal parasites (helminths and protozoa) and to investigate their seasonal dynamics. Brown bear scats were collected from the eastern part of Estonia during one year, from spring 2022 to spring 2023. At first, we performed genetic host identification and selected 148 scat samples for further analyses. Parasite eggs and oocysts were identified based on morphology. The results revealed that the endoparasite prevalence among brown bears of Estonia is one of the highest in Europe (FO = 75%). The most prevalent were nematodes (60%), followed by protozoa (16%), cestodes (7%), trematodes (4%), and a single finding of an acanthocephalan. Of all endoparasites, the bear nematode <i>Baylisascaris transfuga</i> had the highest prevalence (51%). Importantly, the prevalence of nematodes and protozoa was season-dependent: highest for nematodes in autumn and lowest in spring, whereas protozoa followed the opposite dynamics. The vast majority of identified parasite taxa were zoonotic and are thus potentially hazardous to humans. This highlights the importance of monitoring wildlife parasites as an essential part of the One Health approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":15928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Helminthology","volume":"99 ","pages":"e106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}