Integrative taxonomy of Raillietiella gigliolii Hett, 1924 (Pentastomida: Raillietiellidae) - molecular and morphological evidence from Neotropical Amphisbaenians.

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the morphology and genetics of Raillietiella gigliolii, an endoparasitic pentastomid found in amphisbaenians. The research was based on specimens deposited in the Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), as well as newly collected individuals from the Brazilian Caatinga. Detailed morphological descriptions were carried out, including measurements of the hooks, cephalothorax, tail, buccal cadre, and the copulatory spicule in males. In parallel, the first molecular characterisation of this species was performed, targeting the mitochondrial COI gene (barcode region). All specimens exhibited consistent morphotypes, particularly in the shape of the hooks, with no observable variation between males and females, nor between individuals parasitising different hosts (Amphisbaena alba and A. vermicularis). Molecular analyses revealed a well-supported monophyletic clade, with no detectable genetic divergence among individuals, confirming both the morphological stability and genetic delimitation of the species. These findings support the recognition of R. gigliolii as a clearly delineated species, currently restricted to amphisbaenians, which does not exhibit significant morphological variability, in contrast to other congeners.