Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface最新文献

{"title":"Geomorphology and Sedimentology of the Nyixoi Chongco Rock Avalanche and Implications for Emplacement Mechanisms","authors":"Lei Zhu,&nbsp;Xiong Tang,&nbsp;Siming He,&nbsp;Zongji Yang,&nbsp;Heng Liang,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Lei,&nbsp;Yu Luo,&nbsp;Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007666","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large rock avalanches are ubiquitous surface hazards on Earth and are characterized by long runout distances and high velocities. These extreme mobility features are regarded as the key causes of catastrophic damage. Commonly, these rock avalanches are characterized by a complicated set of geological settings and behaviors. Although many hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, a comprehensive explanation of its geological features is lacking. To precisely identify the extreme mobility mechanisms of large rock avalanches, we examined data collected from a deposit of the Nyixoi Chongco rock avalanche (NCRA) (Tibetan Plateau, China). Through a combination of preliminary observations and analyses of the morphology and sedimentology of the deposits, we reconstructed the kinematic process and recognized that the formation of superficial structures is related to mass flow emplacement dynamics driven by high-speed avalanche debris impacting a liquefiable substrate. One mechanism to explain the extreme mobility of the NCRA is the reduction in the basal layer resistance owing to contraction-induced excess pore pressure. To further validate and quantify this long runout mechanism, numerical simulations were conducted using a multiphase model to precisely determine how deformable granular mixtures in the basal layer led to excess pore pressure and underwent liquefaction when the avalanche was emplaced, demonstrating that this process dominated the behavior of the Nyixoi Chongco rock avalanche. The present study provides an improved method and understanding of the kinematic processes and runout mechanisms of the extreme mobility of similar rock avalanches.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basal Stresses and Seismic Signals Generated by Laboratory Granular Flows: The Role of Basal Particle Agitation in Flow Mobility","authors":"Tianhua Li,&nbsp;Yufeng Wang,&nbsp;Qiangong Cheng,&nbsp;Qiwen Lin,&nbsp;Jie Ming,&nbsp;Kun Li,&nbsp;Anwen Shi,&nbsp;Lieyuan Gou,&nbsp;Xin Wei","doi":"10.1029/2024JF008015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The basal stresses generated by rock avalanches, along with the resulting seismic signals, act as important indicators that provide insights into rock avalanche dynamics. Here, an experimental study on the propagation behavior and dynamics of granular flows moving on a 3D-printed bumpy substrate was conducted and the basal stress and seismic signature responses were analyzed. The results indicate that an agitating basal layer emerges in the nearly steady propagation state of the granular flows with increasing particle size, characterized by the base-normal velocity and internal shear behavior. Accompanying the strengthening of basal particle agitation, significant increases in basal stress fluctuations and seismic spikes are observed, and power law functions of the particle size are derived. Correspondingly, an increase in flow mobility is observed along with a transition of the flow regime toward the more collisional regime. Power laws linking the basal stress and seismic signatures with the frictional coefficients of the flows are derived to quantify the effect of basal particle agitation on flow mobility. Our results provide an experimental basis for the hypothesis that basal particle agitation could explain the long runout of rock avalanches.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking Sediment Transport Through Miage Glacier, Italy, Using a Lagrangian Approach With Luminescence Rock Surface Burial Dating of Englacial Clasts","authors":"Audrey Margirier,&nbsp;Julien Brondex,&nbsp;Ann V. Rowan,&nbsp;Christoph Schmidt,&nbsp;Vivi K. Pedersen,&nbsp;Benjamin Lehmann,&nbsp;Leif S. Anderson,&nbsp;Remy Veness,&nbsp;C. Scott Watson,&nbsp;Darrel Swift,&nbsp;Georgina E. King","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007773","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Constraining the timescales of sediment transport by glacier systems is important for understanding the processes controlling sediment dynamics within glacierized catchments, and because the accumulation of supraglacial sediment influences glacier response to climate change. However, glacial sediment transport can be difficult to observe; sediment can be transported englacially, subglacially, supraglacially or at the ice margins, and may be stored temporarily on headwall slopes or within moraines before being (re-)entrained and transported by glacier ice. This study is a proof of concept of the use of luminescence rock surface burial dating to establish rates of englacial sediment transport. Our novel approach combines luminescence rock surface burial dating of englacial clasts with an ice-flow model that includes Lagrangian particle tracking to quantify rates of sediment transport through the Miage Glacier catchment in the Italian Alps. Luminescence rock surface burial ages for seven samples embedded in the near-surface ice in the ablation area range from 0.0 ± 1.0 to 4.7 ± 0.3 ka and are consistent with the ice-flow model results. Our results show that the transport durations of individual clasts vary by an order of magnitude, implying rapid clast transport near the glacier surface and longer transport histories for clasts transported lower in the ice column. In some cases, clasts were stored on the headwalls or within ice-marginal moraines for several thousand years before being englacially transported. The results illustrate the different routes by which glaciers transport sediment and provide the first direct measurements of englacial sediment transport duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Rock Glacier Dynamics on Surface Morphology and Deformation","authors":"T. M. Meng,&nbsp;B. S. Tober,&nbsp;R. J. Aguilar,&nbsp;M. F. Daniel,&nbsp;R. A. Jacobo-Bojórquez,&nbsp;S. Nerozzi,&nbsp;J. W. Holt","doi":"10.1029/2024JF008106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We apply static and kinematic geophysical measurements of rock glaciers to characterize active surface processes and to understand their effects on rock glacier dynamics. We primarily focus on the processes governing the formation of transverse ridge morphology, which include both compressional and climatic mechanisms. Supraglacial and englacial debris distribution imaged by ground-penetrating radar is examined in the context of high-resolution surface velocity measurements acquired via repeated drone photogrammetry surveys. We estimate the age of low ice accumulation periods represented by climatic ridges at Galena Creek, Wyoming, and we also observe evidence for active compressional ridge formation through a joint analysis of debris thickness distribution and surface strain. The strain analysis also has implications for mapping flow margins and regions of enhanced melt. To assist in numerical modeling of rock glacier dynamics, we explore the use of derived surface velocities and subsurface geometry products to constrain the boundary conditions and rheological parameters necessary to simulate ridge formation and assist interpretation of multidisciplinary measurements for Earth, Mars, and other planetary settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thank You to Our 2024 Reviewers","authors":"Ann Rowan,&nbsp;Amy East,&nbsp;Mikael Attal,&nbsp;A. J. F. (Ton) Hoitink,&nbsp;Olga V. Sergienko,&nbsp;Jaap Nienhuis,&nbsp;Joel Sankey","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008441","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Editors of the Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface would like to express our thanks and appreciation to everyone who served as reviewers for this journal during 2024. We extend our thanks to the 806 reviewers who provided 1,069 reviews of manuscripts for JGR: Earth Surface. Finding the time to provide good quality and detailed peer reviews can be challenging, and requires individuals to take time from their own research to contribute to the progress of our field more widely. Providing peer review can also be a mentoring practice for early career colleagues, both through providing constructive feedback on their work and through co-reviewing as a means of training the next generation of reviewers. We greatly appreciate the large community of geomorphologists who have taken the time to write reviews, and particularly for providing constructive and critical feedback that guides authors to write the best possible paper about their research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008441","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governing Processes of Structure-Borne Snowdrifts: A Case Study at Neumayer Station III","authors":"Océane Hames,&nbsp;Mahdi Jafari,&nbsp;Peter Köhler,&nbsp;Christian Haas,&nbsp;Michael Lehning","doi":"10.1029/2024JF008180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008180","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The genesis of snowdrifts and its governing processes are not fully understood. In Antarctica, understanding snow movement is crucial for assessing ice sheet mass balance and tackling logistical challenges related to human infrastructure. So far, extensive research has focused on snow-wind interactions on flat terrain, emphasizing the crucial roles of flow turbulence and snow properties. This work expands an existing Eulerian-Lagrangian model by incorporating buildings to simulate snowdrifts around complex structures, using advanced saltation physics. The German Antarctic research station Neumayer III is used as a test site. This development brings new levels of interaction between snow particles and larger structures, making the simulations more representative of real-world conditions. Specifically, numerical simulations were conducted to test the influence of six parameters on snowdrift formation, namely: wind force, snowbed cohesion, particle diameter, precipitation rate and building height and shape. Results show that the size of snowdrifts is mostly affected by wind force, preferential deposition and snowbed cohesion, while fine features of the building shape control their form. Nevertheless, significant uncertainties remain regarding the interaction of these parameters, highlighting the need for further research to improve modeling frameworks. This study demonstrates that our model is well-suited for engineering applications, guiding optimal designs for buildings and infrastructure in snow-affected environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Geometric Algorithm to Identify River Meander Bends:1. Effect of Perspective","authors":"A. B. Limaye","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007908","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Channels form meander bends, whether in rivers or on glaciers, volcanoes, coastlines, or the seafloor. Therefore, isolating meander bends is instrumental in characterizing channel shape and its relationship to the surrounding environment. The common approach of delimiting meander bends using inflection points yields isolated arcs that differ from traditional depictions. This study develops a geometric algorithm for mapping meander bends to bridge this gap. The approach accounts for two perceptual factors: observer viewpoint and the scale of significant deviations in the river path. The channel centerline is divided into three elements: arcs of positive/negative curvature, and effectively straight reaches with dimensionless amplitude (<i>A</i>_st*) below a threshold. Meander bends are formed by connecting reaches between arcs of similar curvature and trimming to where the openness, or viewshed, falls below the value for a straight line (180°). A case study for the Beatton River, Canada, shows the method captures the full extents of meander bends and reproduces a common classification (simple vs. compound) and scaling between wavelength and channel width (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 <mo>≈</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $lambda mathit{approx }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 12<i>w</i>_<i>c</i>) from visual interpretation. The number and extents of meander bends change with <i>A</i>_<i>st</i>*; 0.1 &lt; <i>A</i>_<i>st</i>* &lt; 1 prevents over-segmentation without lumping adjacent meander bends. The approach further indicates two mapping solutions that correspond to viewpoints on opposite sides of the river. By harmonizing the geometric definition of a meander bend with its traditional depiction, this approach advances the quantitative analysis of channels across geologic environments. A companion study tests whether the mapped meander bends have characteristic shapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007908","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Geometric Algorithm to Identify River Meander Bends: 2. Test for Characteristic Shapes","authors":"A. B. Limaye","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007909","url":null,"abstract":"<p>River meander bends are widely considered to have recurring shapes. Formal classifications of meander bends have provided an important framework for basic research and practical applications in river engineering and restoration. However, the central role of expert interpretation in both mapping and classifying meander bends leaves persistent uncertainty for whether their shapes do form patterns or instead represent a continuum of forms. This study analyzes meander bend shapes derived in a companion paper about the Beatton River, Canada, to test whether meander bends show repeating shapes without the prior assumption that such patterns exist. Meander bends are compared using Fréchet distance, a curve similarity measure, and evaluated for common shapes using agglomerative hierarchical clustering. The case study indicates that normalizing meander bend coordinates by wavelength and amplitude yields clusters of meander bends with internally consistent shapes. Characteristic meander bends for each cluster are derived by averaging the normalized coordinates and rescaling by the mean amplitude and wavelength for the source meander bends. Whereas automatically mapped meander bends vary in number and extent with a dimensionless amplitude threshold (<i>A</i>_st*), the characteristic meander bends are generally robust against variation in this parameter within its effective range (0.1 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>≤</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $mathit{le }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> <i>A</i>_st* <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>≤</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $mathit{le }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 1). By establishing a test for characteristic shapes among populations of multifarious meander bends, the analysis enables new tests for environmental controls on channel form, a standard for assessing the fidelity of numerical models for planform evolution, and a method to design nature-based templates for river restoration and engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Mud Deposition Along the Fluvial–Tidal Transition Zone in the Waihou River, Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"A. D. La Croix,&nbsp;B. Roche,&nbsp;J. C. Mullarney","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007817","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fluvial–tidal transition zone (FTT) is a critical interface where complex interactions between river flow, tides, and sedimentation shape geomorphic systems and influence the dynamics of aquatic environments. However, few previous studies have integrated real-time hydrodynamic data with sedimentary deposits. In particular, the range of depositional conditions over which mud accumulates remains poorly constrained, and little is understood about how these deposits are preserved in the stratigraphic record. To address this knowledge gap, we examined co-located hydrodynamic instrument data and sedimentary deposits from the lower Waihou River, Aotearoa New Zealand. Results reveal that “dynamic mud” events, including fluid mud and rapidly deposited mud, dominate the spatial and temporal record, with few “static mud” events in which mud is deposited through gravitational settling. We suggest that dynamic mud conditions with the potential for deposition may occur throughout the tidal cycle, although cyclic tidal successions are never fully preserved. Many of the trends in sedimentation observed in studies of larger systems are not present in this small muddy river system, indicating the significance of climatic and river-flow characteristics on the sedimentary record. This work underscores the importance of studying systems of multiple sizes across diverse climatic regimes to establish holistic facies models to reconstruct geological history accurately.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permeability Anisotropy of Foliated Glacier Ice","authors":"Jacob R. Fowler,&nbsp;Neal R. Iverson","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007835","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Within the temperate ice of ice stream shear margins, high strain and accompanying recrystallization likely result in longitudinal foliation characterized by thin, steeply dipping ice layers with distinct variations in grain size and bubble content. The sensitivity of ice permeability to these factors, particularly grain size, implies that foliation causes shear-margin ice to be hydraulically anisotropic. In this study, the permeability of foliated ice is measured in disks cut from cores from Athabasca Glacier, allowing permeability anisotropy to be assessed. We collected cores oriented normal and parallel to foliation from beneath the weathered crust of the glacier. Permeability values range from approximately <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>6</mn>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>13</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mtext>to</mtext>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>16</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $6times 1{0}^{-13},text{to},1{0}^{-16}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> m² and correlate with the textures and orientations of foliation layers. Results indicate that the anisotropic permeability of foliated ice can be approximated using a model that incorporates an empirical grain-size/permeability relationship and a model of vein clogging by air bubbles. For water flow parallel to foliation, the arithmetic mean of the area-weighted permeability closely approximates the bulk permeability; for flow perpendicular to foliation, measurements agree with the harmonic mean permeability, weighted to the thickness of each layer. These findings imply hydraulic anisotropy spanning several orders of magnitude in temperate glacier ice, with water flux governed by the most and least permeable layers in the flow-parallel and flow-perpendicular cases, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}