Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface最新文献

{"title":"Dependence of Glacier's Adhesion on Bedrock Properties: The Role of Porosity and Wettability","authors":"Dongming Gu,&nbsp;Qingfang Liu,&nbsp;Jun Cao,&nbsp;Yang Ye,&nbsp;Gonghui Wang,&nbsp;Da Huang,&nbsp;Changdong Li","doi":"10.1029/2026JF009180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026JF009180","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The strength of the glacier–bed interface plays a critical control over glacier dynamics. Previous studies have examined the effects of factors such as temperature and interfacial roughness on the mechanical behavior of the ice–rock interface, whereas the impact of bedrock properties remains relatively underexplored. Using a centrifugal apparatus, we measured the adhesion strength of ice on bedrocks with varying properties. Rock porosity and surface wettability were identified as the primary controlling factors. Experimental results show that variations in bedrock porosity and wettability can lead to maximum differences in the ice adhesion strength of up to 1.5-fold and 1.25-fold, respectively. Micro-rhizoidal ice structures observed via cryo-electron microscopy at the ice–rock interface suggest an “ice-root effect” as the underlying mechanism responsible for the enhanced ice adhesion on high-porosity rock substrates. Analyses demonstrate that the ice-root effect is governed by the contact area between ice roots and pore walls. On this basis, we proposed a parameter termed the ice-root contact area coefficient, <i>f</i>_{<i>A</i>,<i>ir</i>}, to quantitatively characterize the ice-root effect. Experimental data further reveal a strong linear correlation between ice adhesion and <i>f</i>_{<i>A</i>,<i>ir</i>}. Regarding rock wettability, a strong linear correlation was observed between ice adhesion and the static water contact angle (WAC) <i>θ</i>₀ of bedrock, indicating that <i>θ</i>₀ can be regarded as the optimal parameter for describing the wettability effect. This study provides a quantitative framework for understanding and evaluating the influence of bedrock properties on the mechanical behavior of the ice–rock interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Root Architecture on Plant Anchoring in Noncohesive Sediment","authors":"Madison M. Douglas,&nbsp;Vittorio Colicci,&nbsp;Nicole A. Sandu,&nbsp;Lale Yılmaz,&nbsp;Kenneth Kamrin,&nbsp;J. Taylor Perron","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008680","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant roots stabilize sediment in engineered and natural landscapes, but we lack a general understanding of how root architecture affects anchoring forces. Existing models can accurately simulate root breakage and soil failure, but such models primarily rely on experimentally calibrated empirical relations between root geometry characteristics and the peak force required for uprooting. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted physical experiments uprooting rigid root geometries via pullout from noncohesive sediment. We found that peak pullout force primarily increased with rooting depth and the volume of sediment mobilized during uprooting. We calculated the peak uprooting force for arbitrary rigid root geometries using an anchoring force balance and nondimensionalization and validated this theory with our experimental data. The work required for uprooting increased more than linearly with respect to peak force because both peak force and total displacement increased with root length and depth. To determine which root architectures maximized anchoring forces while minimizing energetic costs for root growth and maintenance, we developed a simple model in which the energetic cost increases linearly with overburden. Model results indicate that branching and growing laterally to increase the sediment overburden at shallow depths are the most energy-efficient anchoring strategies for plants. Our results yield a general theory for peak pullout force, provide insight into root stabilization of minimally cohesive materials, and could inform erosion prevention strategies and numerical models of plant resource optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008680","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glacial Imprints and Marine Overprints: Sediment Architecture and Fjord Evolution in Fiordland, New Zealand","authors":"Ellen Unland,&nbsp;Andrew R. Gorman,&nbsp;Philip M. Barnes,&nbsp;Christopher M. Moy,&nbsp;Gary S. Wilson,&nbsp;Christina R. Riesselman,&nbsp;Jess I. T. Hillman","doi":"10.1029/2026JF009175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026JF009175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fjords are globally significant sedimentary archives that record the relationship between glacial, tectonic, and marine processes. Fiordland, on the southwest coast of New Zealand, hosts one of the most extensive temperate fjord provinces in the Southern Hemisphere, yet its postglacial evolution has remained poorly constrained. This study integrates high-resolution seismic reflection data with existing geomorphic mapping across 15 fjords to reconstruct the regional deglaciation and sedimentary history following the Last Glacial Maximum. The resulting seismostratigraphic framework provides the first region-wide chronology of marine inundation and sediment accumulation across Fiordland. Two principal depositional phases are identified: a basin-confined unit representing pre-marine infill deposited during and immediately following early glacier retreat, and an overlying marine unit that drapes the fjord floors following marine inundation. Uplift-corrected sill depths combined with global and regional sea-level curves reveal that marine inundation progressed asynchronously across Fiordland, with first inundation occurring as early as ∼16.9 ka and final fjords becoming marine by &gt;8.7 ka, coincident with rapid sea-level rise during Meltwater Pulses 1A and 1B. Post-inundation sedimentation reflects a transition from high-energy glacial deposition to low-energy marine accumulation controlled by catchment size, fjord geometry, and tectonic setting. This reconstruction highlights Fiordland's role as efficient sediment and carbon traps, while preserving records of postglacial environmental change in temperate fjord systems. The integrated approach presented here offers a template for evaluating how tectonic, climatic, and eustatic processes collectively shape fjord evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026JF009175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Devonian Vascular Plants Enhanced Chemical Weathering: Insights From Paleosols in South China","authors":"Weihua Wu,&nbsp;Chengxiao Xu,&nbsp;Werner Nel,&nbsp;Hao Yang","doi":"10.1029/2025JF009085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF009085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The colonization of land by plants during the early Paleozoic is hypothesized to have significantly intensified global chemical weathering, thereby triggering climatic and environmental change. To test this hypothesis, we investigated Lower Devonian paleosols from Qujing, South China, using mineralogical, elemental, and lithium isotope analyses of both bulk samples and clay fractions (&lt;2 μm). The chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) for these paleosols ranges from 66.8 to 82.7, with clay fractions containing an average of 15% kaolinite, indicating moderate chemical weathering. Lithium and rare earth element concentrations in the clay fraction (Li_clay and ΣREE_clay) average more than three times those in bulk samples (Li_bulk and ΣREE_bulk), suggesting that secondary clay mineral formation during weathering preferentially incorporates these elements. The most negative δ⁷Li_clay value (−7.0‰), coincident with peak CIA, Li_clay/Li_bulk, and ΣREE_clay/ΣREE_bulk ratios, occurred in the early Pragian Stage, indicating a pulse of intensified chemical weathering. Together with abundant fossilized vascular plant traces in the Lower Devonian succession, these results suggest that enhanced weathering is linked to plant radiation during this interval. This study provides multi-proxy terrestrial evidence from South China for a pronounced intensification of chemical weathering during the late Lochkovian-early Pragian, directly correlating this pulse with the regional radiation of early vascular plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148754009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Impact-Energy-Dependent Erosional Efficiency on Bedrock River Sediment Dynamics and the Effective Flood","authors":"Claire C. Masteller","doi":"10.1029/2026JF009243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026JF009243","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bedrock river incision reflects the cumulative geomorphic work performed across a distribution of flood magnitudes and frequencies. Mechanistic models of bedrock incision by bedload impacts typically assume that bedrock resistance to erosion is constant with respect to particle impact energy. However, recent impact experiments demonstrate that rock resistance to erosion decreases systematically as impacts become more energetic. This study incorporates an experimentally constrained, impact-energy-dependent rock resistance coefficient into the widely used saltation-abrasion model and evaluate how this modification alters predicted incision across a range of grain sizes and transport conditions. Allowing rock resistance to scale with impact energy strongly amplifies the grain size dependence of bedrock detachment, such that coarse grains remove substantially more bedrock per unit impact. Applying the model across a full discharge distribution to evaluate long-term incision reveals that while accounting for impact-energy-dependent rock resistance does not meaningfully alter the flood magnitude that maximizes geomorphic work, known as the effective flood, it shifts the fraction of total incision contributed by rarer, high-magnitude events. These results demonstrate that accounting for impact-driven differences in erosional efficiency fundamentally alters how geomorphic work is partitioned across floods, increasing the contribution of extremes to long-term bedrock erosion rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient Acceleration and Dynamic Fragmentation of Sliding Masses Under Seismic Loads Facilitate Formation of Rapid Long-Runout Loess Landslides","authors":"Ling Xu,&nbsp;Ke Liu,&nbsp;Xiaolin Huang","doi":"10.1029/2026JF009113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026JF009113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Clarifying the transient acceleration effects and dynamic fragmentation processes of rapid long-runout loess landslides under seismic loading is essential for predicting and mitigating earthquake-induced geological hazards in loess areas. In this study, a series of quantitative simulations were conducted using the finite-discrete element method (FDEM) to investigate the motion and fragmentation characteristics of loess landslides subjected to dynamic loading. The numerical models were calibrated based on the depositional characteristics of the <i>Sunjiagou</i> landslide and relevant laboratory tests. The simulations successfully captured the transient motion of the sliding mass, the rapid transition from continuous to discontinuous deformation, and the coupled evolution between dynamic fragmentation and motion characteristics. Results indicate a pronounced vertical acceleration amplification effect and stratified motion, where the surface layer travels farther than the interior. Internal collisions and flow-like movements also cause the rear portion of the sliding mass to move farther than the front. Maximum displacement and velocity decrease with increasing vibration frequency but increase with higher acceleration amplitude. Low-frequency, high-amplitude excitations produce the strongest motion responses and most extensive fragmentation, whereas high-frequency loading yields denser and less expanded deposits. Overall, the combined influence of vibration frequency and acceleration amplitude governs the dynamic instability of loess landslides. The findings suggest that loess slopes are more sensitive to vibration frequency than to peak acceleration, emphasizing that seismic hazard mitigation in loess regions should focus on the effects of low-frequency ground motions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Linear Hillslopes Produce Apparent Non-Linear River Erosion Models","authors":"M. Fox,&nbsp;L. Goren,&nbsp;B. A. Adams","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008753","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Non-linear relationships between catchment-wide erosion rate and normalized channel steepness within fluvial basins are commonly interpreted to indicate that river erosion is proportional to river slope raised to a power greater than one. This interpretation has crucial implications for the inferred erosion model and for our ability to extract information about past tectonic history from river topography. Here we show that the apparent non-linearity between catchment-wide average erosion rates and average channel steepness may be due in part to non-linear hillslope and debris-flow processes that bias the calculation of normalized, catchment-averaged channel steepness in some landscapes. More specifically, when non-linear hillslopes dominate the high elevation landscape close to the divide, then the transition to the fluvial domain becomes a function of the rock uplift rate, with faster rock uplift dictating longer hillslopes. If the minimum drainage area used for calculating average steepness is not scaled with the rock uplift rate, hillslopes may be included in the fluvial channel steepness analysis. In such cases, the inferred non-linearity between erosion rate and catchment-averaged steepness may be an artifact of the analysis procedure rather than a signature of the erosion process itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood-Scale Bedload Transport Dynamics From Acoustic Monitoring Compared With 2D Hydro-Sedimentary Modeling","authors":"G. Piasny,&nbsp;P.-A. Garambois,&nbsp;T. Geay,&nbsp;S. Zanker,&nbsp;L. Schmitt","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008815","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate estimation of bedload fluxes is critical to understanding sediment transport processes and associated channel evolution in gravel-bed rivers, however, traditional direct measurements using samplers are time-consuming and complex. To overcome these limitations, new indirect methods have been developed to estimate fluxes from bedload self-generated noise recorded by hydrophones, but results from acoustic monitoring have generally been compared with discrete bedload samples or long-term sediment budgets, offering limited insight into their performance over short timescales. To address this gap, this study compares bedload discharge estimated from continuous acoustic monitoring with those derived from two-dimensional hydro-sedimentary modeling and evaluates the reliability of both approaches to improve understanding of sediment transport dynamics at the flood scale. Acoustic power was continuously recorded by a hydrophone fixed at the bank, related to cross-sectional acoustic power using acoustic maps, and converted into bedload fluxes using a calibration curve. In parallel, a high-resolution and well-calibrated two-dimensional hydro-sedimentary model was used to compute grain shear stress and estimate fluxes using transport capacity formulas, parameterized with particle tracing and bedload measurements. Both methods provided reliable estimates of cross-sectional bedload discharge when compared with in situ samples, and resulted in similar event-integrated bedload discharge, but instantaneous values differed significantly: acoustic monitoring revealed a clockwise hysteresis, while the model exhibited a discharge-dependent response. Comparison of both approaches revealed that acoustic measurement captured an early mobilization of recent local sediment deposits and a subsequent sediment-limited regime due to insufficient upstream supply, which the model was intrinsically unable to reproduce.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008815","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Variability and Drivers of Salt Marsh Cliff Erosion in the Dutch Wadden Sea: From Observation to Simulation","authors":"S. Dzimballa,&nbsp;V. Kitsikoudis,&nbsp;P. W. J. M. Willemsen,&nbsp;E. O. Folmer,&nbsp;B. W. Borsje,&nbsp;I. Y. Georgiou,&nbsp;M. C. Bregman,&nbsp;D. C. M. Augustijn","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008855","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lateral erosion of salt marshes via cliff retreat is a primary cause of global marsh loss, driven by interactions between hydrodynamics, sediment, and vegetation. While previous studies show a linear relationship between wave power and cliff retreat, models based on this relationship are largely unvalidated for short-term (sub-yearly) and spatially variable predictions, limiting their practical application. This study addresses this gap by integrating a process-based subgrid cliff erosion model into a 2DH hydrodynamic model, validated using high-resolution UAV-derived DEMs over 9 months in a Dutch Wadden Sea marsh. The site featured 20–60 cm high cliffs retreating at ∼0.9 m/yr. Once calibrated, the model captured overall erosion trends and volumes, confirming the linear wave power-retreat relationship when averaged across the marsh. However, it did not account for local effects, like artificial structures, cliff undercutting, or mass failure, highlighting the need for site-specific calibration and better understanding of underlying processes. Simulations under varying hydrodynamic conditions assessed marsh cliff vulnerability. Water levels determine the location and timing of cliff exposure, while wave energy dictates retreat magnitude. Yearly storm surges caused the most significant erosion, whereas more extreme surges (5–10 years return-period) submerged the marsh edge, limiting further erosion. This research shows that the linear wave-power relationship is scale-dependent: it can be calibrated for longer-term, marsh-averaged erosion volumes when sufficient local data support a linear relationship, but its applicability is limited for within-marsh, shorter-term forecasting. Accurate simulation and effective coastal management require further understanding of the processes and implementation of non-linear erosion mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008855","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Mineralogy and Hydrological Controls on “Hotspots” of Dust Emission at Etosha Pan, Namibia","authors":"N. S. Wallum,&nbsp;R. G. Bryant,&nbsp;G. F. S. Wiggs,&nbsp;R. L. Reynolds,&nbsp;H. L. Goldstein,&nbsp;J. A. Leidelmeijer,&nbsp;J. M. Nield,&nbsp;M. C. Baddock","doi":"10.1029/2026JF009216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026JF009216","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ephemeral lake beds are globally significant sources of atmospheric mineral dust aerosols, yet emissions from these landforms exhibit considerable spatial and temporal variability. The complex interactions between climatic drivers and surface properties that govern dust emissions remain poorly understood, contributing to uncertainties in model predictions of atmospheric dust concentrations and their global effects. In this study, we used multitemporal satellite remote sensing combined with model reanalysis data from 2018 to 2022 to investigate the mineralogical, hydrological, and climatic controls on dust emission “hotspots” at Etosha Pan, Namibia. A record of dust source locations derived from MODIS and MSG-SEVIRI observations was used to identify spatially discrete clusters (hotspots) of recurrent dust emission. Surface mineral composition at these sites was analyzed through linear spectral unmixing of Landsat 8–9 Operational Land Imager data to estimate the relative abundance of evaporite and clay mineral endmembers, with results validated against X-ray diffraction analyses of field-collected sediment samples. Our findings indicate that dust emission hotspots are associated with the formation of evaporite crusts, produced by salt efflorescence following wet-season precipitation and ephemeral flooding. Strong winds during the dry season can disrupt these crusts, exposing large quantities of fine sediments that are extremely susceptible to aeolian entrainment. These results highlight the critical role of surface crust mineralogy, influenced by hydrological history, in controlling dust emission dynamics. This approach provides a transferable framework for identifying and characterizing hydrological and mineralogical controls on dust source regions in other dryland playa environments, with potential applications for improving regional and global dust emission modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026JF009216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}