Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Rock Glacier Dynamics on Surface Morphology and Deformation","authors":"T. M. Meng,&nbsp;B. S. Tober,&nbsp;R. J. Aguilar,&nbsp;M. F. Daniel,&nbsp;R. A. Jacobo-Bojórquez,&nbsp;S. Nerozzi,&nbsp;J. W. Holt","doi":"10.1029/2024JF008106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We apply static and kinematic geophysical measurements of rock glaciers to characterize active surface processes and to understand their effects on rock glacier dynamics. We primarily focus on the processes governing the formation of transverse ridge morphology, which include both compressional and climatic mechanisms. Supraglacial and englacial debris distribution imaged by ground-penetrating radar is examined in the context of high-resolution surface velocity measurements acquired via repeated drone photogrammetry surveys. We estimate the age of low ice accumulation periods represented by climatic ridges at Galena Creek, Wyoming, and we also observe evidence for active compressional ridge formation through a joint analysis of debris thickness distribution and surface strain. The strain analysis also has implications for mapping flow margins and regions of enhanced melt. To assist in numerical modeling of rock glacier dynamics, we explore the use of derived surface velocities and subsurface geometry products to constrain the boundary conditions and rheological parameters necessary to simulate ridge formation and assist interpretation of multidisciplinary measurements for Earth, Mars, and other planetary settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thank You to Our 2024 Reviewers","authors":"Ann Rowan,&nbsp;Amy East,&nbsp;Mikael Attal,&nbsp;A. J. F. (Ton) Hoitink,&nbsp;Olga V. Sergienko,&nbsp;Jaap Nienhuis,&nbsp;Joel Sankey","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008441","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Editors of the Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface would like to express our thanks and appreciation to everyone who served as reviewers for this journal during 2024. We extend our thanks to the 806 reviewers who provided 1,069 reviews of manuscripts for JGR: Earth Surface. Finding the time to provide good quality and detailed peer reviews can be challenging, and requires individuals to take time from their own research to contribute to the progress of our field more widely. Providing peer review can also be a mentoring practice for early career colleagues, both through providing constructive feedback on their work and through co-reviewing as a means of training the next generation of reviewers. We greatly appreciate the large community of geomorphologists who have taken the time to write reviews, and particularly for providing constructive and critical feedback that guides authors to write the best possible paper about their research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008441","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governing Processes of Structure-Borne Snowdrifts: A Case Study at Neumayer Station III","authors":"Océane Hames,&nbsp;Mahdi Jafari,&nbsp;Peter Köhler,&nbsp;Christian Haas,&nbsp;Michael Lehning","doi":"10.1029/2024JF008180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008180","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The genesis of snowdrifts and its governing processes are not fully understood. In Antarctica, understanding snow movement is crucial for assessing ice sheet mass balance and tackling logistical challenges related to human infrastructure. So far, extensive research has focused on snow-wind interactions on flat terrain, emphasizing the crucial roles of flow turbulence and snow properties. This work expands an existing Eulerian-Lagrangian model by incorporating buildings to simulate snowdrifts around complex structures, using advanced saltation physics. The German Antarctic research station Neumayer III is used as a test site. This development brings new levels of interaction between snow particles and larger structures, making the simulations more representative of real-world conditions. Specifically, numerical simulations were conducted to test the influence of six parameters on snowdrift formation, namely: wind force, snowbed cohesion, particle diameter, precipitation rate and building height and shape. Results show that the size of snowdrifts is mostly affected by wind force, preferential deposition and snowbed cohesion, while fine features of the building shape control their form. Nevertheless, significant uncertainties remain regarding the interaction of these parameters, highlighting the need for further research to improve modeling frameworks. This study demonstrates that our model is well-suited for engineering applications, guiding optimal designs for buildings and infrastructure in snow-affected environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Geometric Algorithm to Identify River Meander Bends:1. Effect of Perspective","authors":"A. B. Limaye","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007908","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Channels form meander bends, whether in rivers or on glaciers, volcanoes, coastlines, or the seafloor. Therefore, isolating meander bends is instrumental in characterizing channel shape and its relationship to the surrounding environment. The common approach of delimiting meander bends using inflection points yields isolated arcs that differ from traditional depictions. This study develops a geometric algorithm for mapping meander bends to bridge this gap. The approach accounts for two perceptual factors: observer viewpoint and the scale of significant deviations in the river path. The channel centerline is divided into three elements: arcs of positive/negative curvature, and effectively straight reaches with dimensionless amplitude (<i>A</i>_st*) below a threshold. Meander bends are formed by connecting reaches between arcs of similar curvature and trimming to where the openness, or viewshed, falls below the value for a straight line (180°). A case study for the Beatton River, Canada, shows the method captures the full extents of meander bends and reproduces a common classification (simple vs. compound) and scaling between wavelength and channel width (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 <mo>≈</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $lambda mathit{approx }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 12<i>w</i>_<i>c</i>) from visual interpretation. The number and extents of meander bends change with <i>A</i>_<i>st</i>*; 0.1 &lt; <i>A</i>_<i>st</i>* &lt; 1 prevents over-segmentation without lumping adjacent meander bends. The approach further indicates two mapping solutions that correspond to viewpoints on opposite sides of the river. By harmonizing the geometric definition of a meander bend with its traditional depiction, this approach advances the quantitative analysis of channels across geologic environments. A companion study tests whether the mapped meander bends have characteristic shapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007908","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Geometric Algorithm to Identify River Meander Bends: 2. Test for Characteristic Shapes","authors":"A. B. Limaye","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007909","url":null,"abstract":"<p>River meander bends are widely considered to have recurring shapes. Formal classifications of meander bends have provided an important framework for basic research and practical applications in river engineering and restoration. However, the central role of expert interpretation in both mapping and classifying meander bends leaves persistent uncertainty for whether their shapes do form patterns or instead represent a continuum of forms. This study analyzes meander bend shapes derived in a companion paper about the Beatton River, Canada, to test whether meander bends show repeating shapes without the prior assumption that such patterns exist. Meander bends are compared using Fréchet distance, a curve similarity measure, and evaluated for common shapes using agglomerative hierarchical clustering. The case study indicates that normalizing meander bend coordinates by wavelength and amplitude yields clusters of meander bends with internally consistent shapes. Characteristic meander bends for each cluster are derived by averaging the normalized coordinates and rescaling by the mean amplitude and wavelength for the source meander bends. Whereas automatically mapped meander bends vary in number and extent with a dimensionless amplitude threshold (<i>A</i>_st*), the characteristic meander bends are generally robust against variation in this parameter within its effective range (0.1 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>≤</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $mathit{le }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> <i>A</i>_st* <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>≤</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $mathit{le }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 1). By establishing a test for characteristic shapes among populations of multifarious meander bends, the analysis enables new tests for environmental controls on channel form, a standard for assessing the fidelity of numerical models for planform evolution, and a method to design nature-based templates for river restoration and engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Mud Deposition Along the Fluvial–Tidal Transition Zone in the Waihou River, Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"A. D. La Croix,&nbsp;B. Roche,&nbsp;J. C. Mullarney","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007817","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fluvial–tidal transition zone (FTT) is a critical interface where complex interactions between river flow, tides, and sedimentation shape geomorphic systems and influence the dynamics of aquatic environments. However, few previous studies have integrated real-time hydrodynamic data with sedimentary deposits. In particular, the range of depositional conditions over which mud accumulates remains poorly constrained, and little is understood about how these deposits are preserved in the stratigraphic record. To address this knowledge gap, we examined co-located hydrodynamic instrument data and sedimentary deposits from the lower Waihou River, Aotearoa New Zealand. Results reveal that “dynamic mud” events, including fluid mud and rapidly deposited mud, dominate the spatial and temporal record, with few “static mud” events in which mud is deposited through gravitational settling. We suggest that dynamic mud conditions with the potential for deposition may occur throughout the tidal cycle, although cyclic tidal successions are never fully preserved. Many of the trends in sedimentation observed in studies of larger systems are not present in this small muddy river system, indicating the significance of climatic and river-flow characteristics on the sedimentary record. This work underscores the importance of studying systems of multiple sizes across diverse climatic regimes to establish holistic facies models to reconstruct geological history accurately.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permeability Anisotropy of Foliated Glacier Ice","authors":"Jacob R. Fowler,&nbsp;Neal R. Iverson","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007835","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Within the temperate ice of ice stream shear margins, high strain and accompanying recrystallization likely result in longitudinal foliation characterized by thin, steeply dipping ice layers with distinct variations in grain size and bubble content. The sensitivity of ice permeability to these factors, particularly grain size, implies that foliation causes shear-margin ice to be hydraulically anisotropic. In this study, the permeability of foliated ice is measured in disks cut from cores from Athabasca Glacier, allowing permeability anisotropy to be assessed. We collected cores oriented normal and parallel to foliation from beneath the weathered crust of the glacier. Permeability values range from approximately <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>6</mn>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>13</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mtext>to</mtext>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>16</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $6times 1{0}^{-13},text{to},1{0}^{-16}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> m² and correlate with the textures and orientations of foliation layers. Results indicate that the anisotropic permeability of foliated ice can be approximated using a model that incorporates an empirical grain-size/permeability relationship and a model of vein clogging by air bubbles. For water flow parallel to foliation, the arithmetic mean of the area-weighted permeability closely approximates the bulk permeability; for flow perpendicular to foliation, measurements agree with the harmonic mean permeability, weighted to the thickness of each layer. These findings imply hydraulic anisotropy spanning several orders of magnitude in temperate glacier ice, with water flux governed by the most and least permeable layers in the flow-parallel and flow-perpendicular cases, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Landslide Patterns to Transient Landscapes in the Northern Colombian Andes","authors":"Edier Aristizábal,&nbsp;Oliver Korup","doi":"10.1029/2024JF008027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Landslides are among the most recognizable evidence of hillslope erosion in tectonically active mountains. Yet, how much of the distribution of landslides of different ages relates to, or is inherited from, the pattern of topographic metrics of landscape evolution remains partially unresolved, and especially so in tropical areas. We derive such metrics for 650 catchments of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>10</mn>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${10}^{1}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>10</mn>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${10}^{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mtext>km</mtext>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${text{km}}^{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> in size, including their mean hypsometric integral, local relief, geological lineament density, and steepness variations and knickpoint density of river channels as proxies of tectonic activity. We test how these proxies match with, if not explain, the distribution of some 14,000 prehistoric and modern landslides in the northern Colombian Andes. A <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>K</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $K$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-means cluster analysis of catchment hypsometry reveals four distinct groups of catchments. We interpret these groups to reflect different states of transience with clear contrasts in mean local relief, average hillslope inclination, channel steepness, and landslide density. We propose that tectonic uplift, base-level changes, and passing waves of incision control these different states of transience. Yet, we find that landslides occur widely without much spatial association to, or amassing near, major channel knickpoints. This observation reflects what we would expect from a threshold landscape in which landslides abound irrespective of contrasts in local river incision rates. Still, we notice a pronounced amassing of landslides near transient divides, where prehistoric landslides are preferentially preserved. In summary, we infer that, in our study area at least, differences in catchment hypsometry might be more useful to track potential tectonic controls on landslide patterns than comparing these to knickpoint distributions or channel metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF008027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the Mass Transport and Energy Conversion of a Rapid Long-Runout Loess Landslide Using the Finite–Discrete Element Method","authors":"Ke Liu,&nbsp;Xiaolin Huang,&nbsp;Ling Xu","doi":"10.1029/2024JF008032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rapid long-runout loess landslides pose serious threats to human activities. However, associated kinematic processes, such as mass transport and energy conversion, are not fully understood, limiting disaster prediction and prevention. Herein, numerical models were established to quantitatively investigate the kinematic process of rapid long-runout loess landslides via the finite–discrete element method (FDEM). These models were calibrated according to the <i>Dabuzi</i> rapid long-runout loess landslide deposit and laboratory tests. We conducted systematic numerical simulations to explore the mass transport and energy conversion of a rapid long-runout landslide, focusing on the influences of the sliding volume and the traveling path topography undulation depicted by the fractal dimension. The rapid evolution of the mass structure from continuous to discontinuous, the transition from a solid state to fluid-like state, and the mutual influence of mass transport and energy conversion were quantitatively characterized during the landslide kinematic process. With increasing topographic surface's fractal dimension, the maximum displacement, maximum velocity, and volume expansion ratio of the landslide exhibited linear decreasing trends, and the accumulation morphology changed. Variations in these parameters with the sliding volume were opposite to those of the fractal dimension case, except for the deposit volume expansion ratio. Particularly, the surface mass always displayed extreme long-runout motion displacements. The mass transport characteristics, like the transition from acceleration to deceleration, were driven by the mutual conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy and the dissipation of friction and fracturing. The deceleration process was initially dominated by fracture energy dissipation and then by friction energy dissipation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Dense Granular Flow Rheology of Particles With Different Surface Friction: Implications for Geophysical Mass Flows","authors":"Kahlil F. E. Cui,&nbsp;Gordon G. D. Zhou,&nbsp;Teng Man,&nbsp;Yu Huang,&nbsp;Yongshuang Zhang,&nbsp;Xueqiang Lu,&nbsp;Tao Zhao","doi":"10.1029/2024JF008048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Geophysical mass flows often consist of various types of materials with different surface roughnesses. Predicting the dynamics of flows such as rock-ice avalanches, where particles have highly distinct surface friction, remains challenging due to the limited knowledge on how friction differences impact the rheology and microstructure. To study the flow of surface friction-different granular mixtures, we conducted discrete element method simulations of dense granular flows with varying concentrations of a highly frictional and a less frictional particle type. Each mixture is characterized by three interparticle friction coefficients defined for contacts between similar and dissimilar particle species. We show that the mixture rheology can be modeled by combining the rheologies of single-phase flows having interparticle frictions equal to those that exist in the mixture, weighted according to particle contact probabilities. Furthermore, by applying the contact probabilities on a recently developed friction-dependent constitutive model, it is possible to predict the rheology and micro-structural parameters of a wide range of mixture scenarios and flow geometries requiring only the interparticle friction coefficients as inputs. Results here improve the determination of the flow resistance due to friction differences in geophysical flows, allowing for more reliable predictions of their dynamics, which in turn are necessary for hazard risk reduction and mitigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}