Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface最新文献

{"title":"Sensitization of OSL Signals in Quartz and Provenance Implications: Insights From Multi-Spectroscopic Analysis of Quartz From Multiple Geological Settings","authors":"Monika Devi,&nbsp;Serban-Constantin Grecu,&nbsp;Zsejke-Réka Tóth,&nbsp;Daniela Constantin,&nbsp;Daniela Brezeanu,&nbsp;Anca Barla,&nbsp;Ion Nesterovschi,&nbsp;Simona Cinta-Pinzaru,&nbsp;Mihai N. Ducea,&nbsp;Stephen J. Mojzsis,&nbsp;Alida Timar","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008875","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) sensitivity and electron spin resonance (ESR) signals have been empirically proposed as indicators of sediment provenance. OSL sensitivity is defined as luminescence produced per unit dose (Gray: Gy) per unit mass (mg). The mechanisms driving OSL sensitization of quartz grains after detachment from source rocks remain an open question in the luminescence community. Most previous work has focused solely on sink sediments, while recent studies highlight the role of lattice defects in the source rocks in the OSL sensitization process. The present study investigates the OSL sensitization by dosing and bleaching of quartz from diverse rocks, including granites, sandstones, volcanic rocks, metamorphic rocks and in some cases, their derived sediments, with ages ranging from millions to billions of years. We combine thermoluminescence, OSL, ESR, cathodoluminescence (CL), and Raman spectroscopy, with geochemical data obtained through laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Quartzes that showed OSL sensitization following repeated cycles of laboratory dosing and bleaching exhibited the [TiO₄⁻Li⁺]⁰ electron center in ESR, had notably high concentration of titanium and lithium impurities and had high blue emission in SEM-CL. Samples lacking these centers did not show any laboratory OSL sensitization. We find a strong correlation of the degree of laboratory OSL sensitization with the [TiO₄⁻Li⁺]⁰ electron center and saturated [AlO₄]⁰ hole center from ESR signal and the titanium and lithium concentrations measured by LA-ICPMS. Our data reinforce the idea that the potential for OSL sensitization originates from specific lattice defect structures acquired by quartz during crystallization.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An RGB-D Approach Assisted by Foundation Models for Reconstructing Bedforms With Artificial Vegetation","authors":"Xinya Liang,&nbsp;Yunsong Wang,&nbsp;Chao Liu,&nbsp;Jiarui Lei","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008913","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Detecting sand beds in laboratory sediment experiments is challenging, especially when artificial vegetation or other structures are present. RGB-D cameras offer fast, high-resolution, and low-cost sand bed reconstruction. However, the commonly applied Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)-based approaches for RGB-D data often fail on the flat and textureless sand surfaces with artificial structures, due to difficulties in RGB-D-based camera pose optimization. Additionally, accurate three-dimensional point-cloud segmentation remains difficult, and existing depth- or geometry-based methods cannot reliably provide automatic separation of sand bed and vegetation point clouds. To address these challenges, we propose a hybrid workflow that transfers two-dimensional (2-D) masks from the Segment Anything Model to registered RGB-D point clouds, enabling automatic three-dimensional (3-D) separation of sand-bed and vegetation points. The workflow further applies threshold-based filtering to correct edge gaps in depth maps. With predefined camera poses along a rail, we bypass SLAM and directly mosaic frames in physical coordinates, which improves reconstruction accuracy. This approach supports 3-D bed reconstruction, bedform characterization (e.g., ripple shapes), and localized scour analysis behind vegetation stems. Across hundreds of monitoring points, we find low errors in scour depth and bed elevation, indicating that spatial variability is captured accurately. The workflow is straightforward and cost-effective, lowering the barrier to high-resolution sand bed reconstruction in laboratory flumes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008913","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How 3D Processes Drive Trench Infill and Sand Wave Regeneration After Dredging","authors":"Pauline H. P. Overes,&nbsp;Bas W. Borsje,&nbsp;Arjen P. Luijendijk,&nbsp;Zeta Tam,&nbsp;Celine M. A. Bloem,&nbsp;Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008603","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dynamic bedforms, such as sand waves, may pose a threat to offshore energy infrastructure. Due to their impact on seabed mobility, dredging is often required to reduce risks, for example, to avoid cable exposure. However, commonly used data-driven methods cannot predict the evolution of partially dredged sand waves. Therefore, we apply a high-resolution Delft3D FM model to reproduce the measured morphological evolution of a dredged cable trench through sand waves and quantify the 3D interactions between the dredged area and surrounding sand waves. Our simulations confirm that sand wave regrowth is driven by tide-averaged vertical circulation. Remarkably, these circulation cells persist even over a flat trench bed because of the influence of adjacent nondredged sand waves. Trench infill results from gravitational modification of bed-load transport over the trench side slopes, causing amplification, damping, and deflection of sediment transport. Because infill volume rates depend on slope steepness, sedimentation varies over time as slopes flatten and spatially with the surrounding sand-wave bathymetry. In contrast to side-slope steepness, trench width has little effect on infill volume rates. Temporal variations in the trench infill clearly follow the spring-neap cycle. Although storm-induced currents did not significantly increase trench infill rates, they cause preferential infilling on one side by altering tide-induced transport asymmetry. The model reproduces the multiyear sediment balance over the trench well, with default model settings, showing its potential predictive capabilities. These process-based insights help explain differences in recovery timescales between environments and trench designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Regional Intercomparison of Ice Sheet Mass Balance Estimates of the Northwest Greenland Ice Sheet","authors":"Inès N. Otosaka,&nbsp;Andrew Shepherd,&nbsp;Andreas Groh,&nbsp;Thorben Döhne,&nbsp;Xavier Fettweis,&nbsp;Brice Noël","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008605","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Changes in ice sheet mass manifest as changes in ice flow, ice thickness, and gravitational attraction. These parameters can be measured from space and used to track Greenland's contribution to sea level rise independently from each other. While an excellent level of agreement between these satellite techniques has been demonstrated at the ice sheet scale, less attention has been paid to whether this agreement is maintained at regional and local scales. However, regional mass balance assessments are key to validating and calibrating ice sheet models, ensuring they can accurately reproduce the spatial distribution of ice losses. Here, we compare mass balance estimates derived from satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, and the input-output method in Northwest Greenland, which we find to agree within 6 Gt yr⁻¹ during their overlap period (2010–2019). We further investigate local sources of discrepancies between techniques and find that 55% of the remaining difference between our altimetry and input-output estimates can be explained by discrepancies at 2 of the sector's 74 glaciers, likely due to poor knowledge of ice thickness. Finally, owing to the good regional agreement between our estimates, we construct a reconciled mass balance record, showing that the Northwest sector contributed 5.1 ± 0.2 mm to sea level rise between 1972 and 2024. The pace of ice loss was fastest in the 2010s, with a record high mass loss rate of 65 ± 4 Gt yr⁻¹, before slowing down to 41 ± 10 Gt yr⁻¹ in the last 4 years of our survey.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149072560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"River Mouth Bar Formation and Evolution in Two Adjacent Estuaries Varying Waves and Estuarine Distance","authors":"Zhaozi Zhang,&nbsp;Bingchen Liang,&nbsp;Zhenlu Wang,&nbsp;Bo Yang,&nbsp;Luming Shi,&nbsp;B. W. Borsje","doi":"10.1029/2024JF008259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008259","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The estuary, located at the interface of land and sea, experiences variable dynamic conditions, resulting in complex sedimentary processes. This study uses Delft3D with coupled FLOW and WAVE modules to examine how waves and the distance between adjacent estuary mouths &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mfenced&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mfenced&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $left({D}_{e}right)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; influence jet spreading and river mouth bar development. Results show that wave forcing enhances the lateral spreading of the jet, suppresses its longitudinal velocity, and increases bed shear stress. The spreading width is positively correlated with wave-current energy ratio &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mfenced&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mfenced&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $left({R}_{e}right)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and normalized shear stress. A smaller &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${D}_{e}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; promotes transverse jet merging, suppressing wave-enhancement longitudinal jet spreading. Analysis of the geomorphic results reveals that the wave forcing speeds up the formation of the river mouth bar. Sediment deposition is primarily linked to the velocity gradient, whereas shear stress primarily influences sediment resuspension. When waves are weak, smaller &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${D}_{e}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; inhibits the formation of the bar. Based on the shape of the bars, four mouth-bar patterns are identified: circular bar, elongated bar, deflected bar, and absent bar. It is observed that both smaller &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${D}_{e}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and larger relative wave strength &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mfenced&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;W&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;h&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oblique Migration of Megaripples Under an Obtuse Bimodal Wind Regime in Qaidam Basin, China","authors":"Zheng Chi,&nbsp;Fengjun Xiao,&nbsp;Zhibao Dong,&nbsp;Ping Lv,&nbsp;Lijie Wang,&nbsp;Yili Shang,&nbsp;Yue Li","doi":"10.1029/2026JF009110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026JF009110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Megaripple crestlines are commonly treated as transverse indicators of wind or sand-transport direction. However, Martian observations show that some large ripples, bright-toned megaripples, and small Transverse Aeolian Ridges (TARs) can migrate obliquely or longitudinally, a phenomenon not previously documented on Earth. Here we document terrestrial megaripples in the Lenghu area of the Qaidam Basin, China, that are similar in scale to some Martian large ripples and TARs, and comparable in cross-sectional form to TARs. These bedforms have nearly symmetrical cross-sections and comfparable grain-size distributions between the two slopes. Their crestlines are oriented about 65° oblique to the resultant drift direction (RDD; 129.1°), and they occur under an obtuse bimodal wind regime. Excavated trenches show bidirectional cross-stratification: the maximum-dip direction of the lower deposits is not parallel to the cross-section orientation but aligns with the RDD. In contrast, the upper deposits align with the transport direction of dyed sand, forming a 63.5° angle with the crestlines. Consequently, dyed-sand transport directions indicate both cross-crest and along-crest movement. These results show that the Lenghu megaripples migrate obliquely, consistent with a process analogue of oblique or linear dune dynamics under bimodal winds, and suggest that megaripple crestlines and stratification should be used cautiously as simple transverse wind indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between the Seasonal Darkening of the Greenland Ice Sheet and the Duration of Bare Ice","authors":"Shunan Feng,&nbsp;Joseph Mitchell Cook,&nbsp;Jason Eric Box,&nbsp;Peter L. Langen,&nbsp;Martin Olesen,&nbsp;Alexandre Magno Anesio,&nbsp;Liane G. Benning,&nbsp;Martyn Tranter","doi":"10.1029/2026JF009204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026JF009204","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Darkening of the Greenland ice sheet is known to amplify surface melting. Here, analysis of automatic weather station (AWS) data around the ice sheet and satellite-derived albedo data reveals that the bare ice duration (BID) is a predictor of the average albedo during summer (June through August, JJA, &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;¯&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;JJA&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${bar{alpha }}_{mathrm{JJA}}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;). Inverse correlation between the two is found in both the AWS (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${r}^{2}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; = 0.74) and satellite (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${r}^{2}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; = 0.55) data, meaning that longer periods of bare ice result in lower average albedo. The average decrease in &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;¯&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;JJA&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${bar{alpha }}_{mathrm{JJA}}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; measured by AWS is −0.0044 ± 0.0002 &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${mathrm{d}}^{-1}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; (mean ± standard error (SE)), associated with an additional ∼9 cm ablation (∼8 cm w.e.) for each 0.01 decrease in &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;¯&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;JJA&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${bar{alpha }}_{mathrm{JJA}}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026JF009204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149047817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamic and Sediment Response to Oyster Castles Under Wave Forcing: Insights From Laboratory Flume Experiments","authors":"Salman Alkhidhr,&nbsp;Rafael O. Tinoco","doi":"10.1029/2025JF009011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF009011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nature-based shoreline protection strategies, such as engineered oyster reefs and living shorelines, offer sustainable alternatives to hard infrastructure. In this controlled laboratory study, we evaluate relative hydrodynamic and sediment-response differences among interlocking oyster-castle configurations under monochromatic wave forcing. Using two-dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry, image-derived surface-elevation diagnostics, and suspended-sediment visualization, we quantify phase-averaged velocities, turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds stresses, bed shear stresses, wave quality, reflection, and sediment-mobility diagnostics across low- and high-energy conditions. Comparisons between scaled-down 3D-printed models of bare and oyster-populated castles show that oyster population suppresses onshore near-bed turbulence and reduces sediment mobilization potential under the tested laboratory conditions. Geometry also modulates the near-bed response, with smoother onshore profiles producing lower shear-stress and turbulence metrics. The offshore, no-structure mobility diagnostic was approximately one order of magnitude below the wave-adjusted model-sediment threshold under low-energy forcing and of the same order of magnitude, but below the threshold, under high-energy forcing. The results are therefore interpreted as comparative mechanistic evidence for oyster-castle performance under a laterally confined laboratory configuration, rather than as direct predictions of absolute field-scale sediment transport rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF009011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Transient Critical Zone Evolution on Landslide Susceptibility and Hazard Across the Utuado Batholith, Puerto Rico","authors":"Jonathan P. Perkins,&nbsp;Mong-Han Huang,&nbsp;Corina Cerovski-Darriau,&nbsp;William Schulz,&nbsp;Collin Cronkite-Ratcliff,&nbsp;Kelli Baxstrom,&nbsp;Mason Einbund,&nbsp;Jane Willenbring,&nbsp;Ben Leshchinsky,&nbsp;Samuel Johnstone","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008847","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Landscapes in humid climates often experience rapid chemical and mechanical weathering that can change groundwater fluxes, drainage pathways, and frictional strength via alterations in subsurface mineral composition and matrix porosity. These changes to hillslope critical zone structure and strength should control landslide susceptibility, size, and failure style. Here we test the impact of differential weathering on landslide failure processes by exploiting a natural experiment along the dioritic Utuado batholith in Puerto Rico's Cordillera Central, where a sharp weathering gradient follows an upstream-propagating knickzone into an uplifted shoreline platform that was affected by Hurricane Maria in 2017. Through a combination of landslide mapping, field geophysical and geotechnical surveys, topographic analysis, calibrated stream profile inversion, 3D back-analysis of hillslope strength, and debris-flow inundation assessments, we show that differential weathering induces changes to critical zone structure and consequently landslide susceptibility and hazard. Our mapping reveals that the hurricane-induced landslides preferentially cluster along less weathered hillslopes despite a marked increase in frictional strength. Jointly inverted seismic refraction and electrical resistivity profiles show that the frictionally weak, heavily weathered hillslopes are highly porous and dry, which we posit acts to stabilize slopes through limiting deeper hydrologic connectivity that can produce shallow water tables with destabilizing lateral seepage forces during storms. Debris-flow inundation mapping and analysis reveals that major contributors to debris-flow growth, channel steepness and landslide coalescence, scale linearly with hillslope friction angle. This leads to higher-mobility debris flows along knickzone reaches, which disproportionately affects communities at the base of the plateau.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF008847","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mega Mounders: Burrowing Talitrids (Megalorchestia spp.) Excavate Large Quantities of Sand on California Beaches","authors":"T. I. Baxter,&nbsp;D. M. Hubbard,&nbsp;K. A. Emery,&nbsp;J. D. Dugan,&nbsp;W. Adams,&nbsp;S. Alvarez,&nbsp;I. J. Walker","doi":"10.1029/2026JF009312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026JF009312","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High densities of burrowing talitrid amphipods inhabit beaches around the world. This includes California, where densities of more than 1,000 individuals m⁻² are regularly recorded. Here, we provide evidence of <i>Megalorchestia</i> spp. excavating up to 10.38 kg dry sand m⁻² d⁻¹ on a beach in southern California, one of the highest mounding rates ever recorded on a daily per unit area basis for a biogeomorphic agent. Extrapolated across 25 km of sedimentary coast, the daily amount of sand moved by <i>Megalorchestia</i> spp. is comparable to the suspended sediment flux of major rivers in the region. By combining our findings with an 8-year data set of talitrid biomass estimates at the study site, we estimate that <i>Megalorchestia</i> spp. excavate approximately 2.79 × 10⁶ kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, the highest annual excavation rate ever calculated for a terrestrial or coastal animal where long-term trends in population dynamics have been considered. These results have significant implications for the form and function of sandy beach ecosystems worldwide, and highlight the importance of beach fauna in sediment transport, beach morphodynamics, and landscape evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026JF009312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}