Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface最新文献_第10页

Regional Back-Analysis of Earthquake Triggered Landslide Inventories: A 2D Method for Estimating Rock Strength From Remote Sensing Data 地震诱发滑坡清单区域反分析：一种基于遥感数据估算岩石强度的二维方法

IF 3.5 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1029/2023JF007471

William G. Medwedeff, Marin K. Clark, Dimitrios Zekkos

{"title":"Regional Back-Analysis of Earthquake Triggered Landslide Inventories: A 2D Method for Estimating Rock Strength From Remote Sensing Data","authors":"William G. Medwedeff, Marin K. Clark, Dimitrios Zekkos","doi":"10.1029/2023JF007471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JF007471","url":null,"abstract":"Landslides occur where the stresses below the surface exceed the shear strength of the material. Landslide inventories thus offer opportunities to investigate patterns in subsurface strength provided that the stress conditions at failure can be estimated. Clues to the failure stresses are encoded in the inclination of the slope that failed and the thickness of the sliding mass. We use this insight to develop a two-dimensional (2D) landslide back-analysis model that estimates bedrock strength over the broad scales relevant to earthquake-triggered landslide hazard and landscape evolution. A unique aspect of our model is the incorporation of independent landslide thickness measurements for each landslide, which are provided by differencing pre- and post-failure elevation data or estimated from a volume-area scaling relationship. This approach represents an innovation compared to previous regional-scale models that have assumed constant thickness or have used projections to estimate the depth to the failure plane, and it provides rock strength estimates as a function of depth below the surface. We evaluate our modeling approach in applications to two landslide inventories and compare the results against geotechnical field data. The back-calculated strength estimates are low for rock, which we hypothesize to reflect the contribution of weathering and fracturing, as well as the fact that landslides represent a small part of the entire study area and are likely associated with particularly weak material that is susceptible to failure. Finally, the two applications of our model indicate systematic variations in strength parameters below the surface and along an elevation profile, which we attribute to gradients in chemical and physical weathering.","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023JF007471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution of Basal Force Fluctuations and Seismic Signals of Granular Flows and Their Proxy: Insights From Laboratory Flume Experiments 粒状流的基底力波动和地震信号的演变及其替代物：实验室水槽实验的启示

IF 3.5 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1029/2024JF007980

Wei Li, Dongpo Wang, Issei Doi, Gonghui Wang, Zhen Zhang, Shuaixing Yan, Siming He

{"title":"Evolution of Basal Force Fluctuations and Seismic Signals of Granular Flows and Their Proxy: Insights From Laboratory Flume Experiments","authors":"Wei Li, Dongpo Wang, Issei Doi, Gonghui Wang, Zhen Zhang, Shuaixing Yan, Siming He","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007980","url":null,"abstract":"The forces exerted by geophysical granular flows on Earth's surface, and the resulting seismic signals, can be used to monitor natural geohazards and understand their dynamic evolution and characteristics. Substantial research has focused on linking basal force fluctuations and seismic signals to granular flow dynamics. However, the mechanisms behind the generation and evolution of seismic signals remain incompletely understood. In this study, we conducted laboratory flume experiments to gain insights into the evolution and characteristics of basal force fluctuations and seismic signals and explored their relationship with the macroscopic properties of granular flows. Our results show that the shear and normal components of basal force fluctuations exhibit different behavior during flow evolution, which are related to variations in flow velocity fluctuations. As the granular flow moves downstream, shear basal force fluctuations decrease due to weakening velocity fluctuations, whereas normal force fluctuations increase. Similar to basal force fluctuations, seismic signals follow a generalized Pareto distribution. Basal force fluctuations and seismic signals are strongly nonlinearly related to the bulk flow properties, indicating that thicker, denser and faster flows generate stronger basal force fluctuations and more intense seismic signals. However, particle size significantly influences this relationship. We demonstrate that the inertial number, characterizing the macroscopic rheological properties of granular flows, can unify basal force fluctuations and seismic signals across different particle sizes, exhibiting a negative correlation on the temporal scale. This implies that the macroscopic rheological behavior of granular flows may provide critical insights into the mechanisms of generation and evolution of seismic signals.","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Permafrost and Structural Controls on Holocene Bedrock Landslide Occurrence Around Eyjafjörður, North-Central Iceland 冰岛中北部Eyjafjörður地区全新世基岩滑坡的冻土和构造控制

IF 3.5 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1029/2024JF007933

Adam M. Booth, Halldór G. Pétursson

{"title":"Permafrost and Structural Controls on Holocene Bedrock Landslide Occurrence Around Eyjafjörður, North-Central Iceland","authors":"Adam M. Booth, Halldór G. Pétursson","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007933","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid, transient, landscape-scale changes associated with deglaciation can condition slopes for failure and trigger bedrock landslides. However, the mechanisms leading to paleo rock slope failures following the last glacial period are challenging to infer because observations of how both landsliding and potential driving factors were distributed in space and time are limited. Here, we map and analyze the spatiotemporal pattern of 676 post-glacial bedrock landslides around Eyjafjörður in north-central Iceland using 2-m resolution digital elevation data generated from optical stereo satellite imagery. Frequency-ratio analysis demonstrates that after controlling for slope, landslides are most overrepresented within 2.6 km horizontal distances from surface projections of major Tertiary bedrock structures and at land surface elevations within 300 m of a modeled lower limit to permafrost. Surface roughness analysis of landslide deposits indicates that peak landslide frequency of at least 0.2 landslides yr−1 in the 5,579 km2 study area lagged deglaciation by several thousand years. This timing aligns well with that of rapid permafrost degradation from the Younger Dryas (12.9–11.7 cal ky BP) through the Holocene Thermal Maximum (∼10–7 cal ky BP). Landslide frequency has averaged about 0.014 landslides yr−1 since the Holocene Thermal Maximum when the climate has generally been cooler and permafrost has been more extensive. However, present day warming is likely to reduce permafrost extent and increase the potential for bedrock landslides in north-central Iceland, as has already been observed for several recent shallower landslides in regolith.","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007933","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Form and Function of Floodplain Secondary Channels in a Lowland Meandering River System 低洼曲流水系河漫滩次级河道的形成与功能

IF 3.5 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1029/2024JF007871

Tanya Shukla, Bruce L. Rhoads

{"title":"Form and Function of Floodplain Secondary Channels in a Lowland Meandering River System","authors":"Tanya Shukla, Bruce L. Rhoads","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007871","url":null,"abstract":"Relatively little is known about the geomorphological characteristics of floodplain secondary channels and the potential for floodplain flows to mobilize bed material within these channels. This study examines the geomorphological characteristics (channel form, material properties, wood jams) and bed-material mobilization potential of secondary channels on the floodplain of a meandering river in Illinois, USA. It also compares these attributes to those of the main channel. Results show that secondary channels are at most about one-third the size of the main channel but also vary in size over distance. Channel dimensions tend to be greatest near the proximal connection of secondary channels to the main channel, suggesting that flow from the main channel is effective in producing scour where it enters secondary channels. The beds of secondary channels consist mainly of mud in contrast to sand and gravel on the bed of the main channel, implying that secondary channels do not convey bed material from the main channel onto the floodplain. Secondary channels connected to the main channel at both ends have more abundant active wood jams than those connected only at the proximal end. Flow from the main channel enters secondary channels at sub-bankfull stages, but maximum mobilization of cohesive bed material in secondary channels only occurs during flows that exceed the average bankfull stage in the main channel. Overall, secondary channels are active conduits of flow, sediment, and large wood on floodplains and can contribute to floodplain sediment fluxes through entrainment of bed material.","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007871","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Swash Zone Response to the Tsunami Triggered by the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake 冲积区对2024年诺托半岛地震引发的海啸的反应

IF 3.5 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1029/2024JF007997

Yoshinao Matsuba, Yoshimitsu Tajima, Takenori Shimozono, Yusuke Yamanaka

{"title":"Swash Zone Response to the Tsunami Triggered by the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake","authors":"Yoshinao Matsuba, Yoshimitsu Tajima, Takenori Shimozono, Yusuke Yamanaka","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007997","url":null,"abstract":"On January 1, 2024, a destructive earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula in Japan, triggering a tsunami in the Sea of Japan. A 3D lidar, which was installed on a gravel beach 150 km from the epicenter before the earthquake, successfully measured nearshore waves and topographic changes during the tsunami event. This study is focused on the analysis of a novel data set to elucidate the swash zone processes caused by the tsunami, with a particular focus on the combined effects of the tsunami and wind waves on high wave runup and morphological changes. The observation data show that the mean sea level was elevated by 1 m when the largest tsunami arrived at the beach. In addition to the tsunami, wind waves reaching a height of 2 m induced wave setup of approximately 1 m and swash exceeding a height of 2 m. The empirical formulas considering the observed change in foreshore slope reasonably reproduced the observed runup heights, suggesting that an increase in the tsunami water level indirectly amplified wind wave runup by increasing the foreshore slope on the concave profile beach. High wind wave runup largely eroded the gravel beach, with the elevation of the upper beach face decreasing by 0.5 m during the tsunami event. We found that the area on the beach face affected by wind waves expanded in response to changes in the tsunami water level.","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007997","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Meteorological Conditions Influence the Migration of a Marine Dune Field in the Southern North Sea 气象条件对北海南部海相沙丘场迁移的影响

IF 3.5 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1029/2024JF007731

Noémie Durand, Pablo Tassi, Olivier Blanpain, Alice Lefebvre

{"title":"Meteorological Conditions Influence the Migration of a Marine Dune Field in the Southern North Sea","authors":"Noémie Durand, Pablo Tassi, Olivier Blanpain, Alice Lefebvre","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007731","url":null,"abstract":"A field of marine dunes has been studied in the Southern Bight of the North Sea. These large dunes, 1–5 m in height and several hundred meters in length, are highly mobile: migration rates of up to 30 m/year have been observed in places. The area is dominated by tides and is characterized by strong currents. Winds are predominantly from the southwest and, to a lesser extent, from the north. A large-scale 3D numerical model was used to simulate the migration of this dune field over time. It is based on the process-based opentelemac system. The model has been calibrated and validated against in situ bathymetric data and is therefore suited to our objective: to explore the contribution of weather (wind and atmospheric pressure) to the propagation of large marine dunes, in relation to that of tidal currents. To do this, a 4-month period was simulated, with and without meteorological effects being taken into account in the numerical model. The results highlight the fundamental role of wind conditions in an accurate representation of seabed changes over time. They also show how meteorological events that are different from the prevailing conditions influence the short-term evolution of the dune field.","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007731","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Magnesium Isotope Fractionation During Basalt Weathering: An Index of Weathering Fluxes and CO2 Consumption 玄武岩风化过程中镁同位素分馏：风化通量和CO2消耗的指标

IF 3.5 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1029/2024JF007774

Kai Luo, Jin-Long Ma, Fang-Zhen Teng, Gang-Jian Wei, Guan-Hong Zhu, Ti Zeng, Zhi-Bing Wang

{"title":"Magnesium Isotope Fractionation During Basalt Weathering: An Index of Weathering Fluxes and CO2 Consumption","authors":"Kai Luo, Jin-Long Ma, Fang-Zhen Teng, Gang-Jian Wei, Guan-Hong Zhu, Ti Zeng, Zhi-Bing Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007774","url":null,"abstract":"The weathering of silicate rocks exerts a significant control on the weathering fluxes of metals and atmospheric CO2 consumption. In this study, we present new magnesium (Mg) isotope data from a basalt weathering profile in Hainan Island, South China, to investigate Mg isotope fractionation and calculate weathering fluxes and CO2 consumption. The Mg mobility (τMg,Ti) in saprolites decreases from −34.1% to −95.7%. The δ26Mg values in saprolites vary from −0.25 ± 0.07‰ to 0.43 ± 0.07‰, higher than those of the parent rock (−0.25 ± 0.07 ‰). The significant Mg loss during the formation and decomposition of clay minerals influences Mg isotope fractionation, particularly with changes in kaolinite structure under different pH conditions, which prefer heavy Mg isotopes. By applying a mass balance model, we have developed a novel method to calculate weathering fluxes based on the weathering profile, yielding Mg elemental fluxes (MgFlux) of 2.45–5.85 mol/cm2/Myr, Mg isotopic fluxes (δ26MgFlux) of −0.44 to −0.04‰/mol/cm2/Myr, and CO2 consumption of 2.3 × 1012 mol/yr for the weathering outputs of basaltic rocks. This highlights the crucial role of basalt weathering in global carbon sequestration. Our findings improve the understanding of Mg cycling and isotope fractionation in epigenetic environments and facilitate the quantification of weathering fluxes and atmospheric CO2 consumption during basalt weathering.","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling Spatial Distributions of Salt Marsh Blue Carbon Using Morphometric Parameters From Lidar 利用激光雷达形态测量参数模拟盐沼蓝碳的空间分布

IF 3.5 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1029/2024JF007676

B. Turek, W. Teng, Q. Yu, B. Yellen, J. Woodruff

{"title":"Modeling Spatial Distributions of Salt Marsh Blue Carbon Using Morphometric Parameters From Lidar","authors":"B. Turek, W. Teng, Q. Yu, B. Yellen, J. Woodruff","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007676","url":null,"abstract":"Salt marshes sequester large amounts of carbon, mainly within their deep soils. Several nationwide assessments have indicated that spatial variability of marsh soil carbon is minimal, however there's a need to further reduce carbon stock uncertainties by exploring finer-scale variation using a process-based modeling approach. Marsh soil properties vary spatially with several parameters, including marsh platform elevation, which controls inundation depth, and proximity to the marsh edge and tidal creek network, which control variability in relative sediment supply. We used lidar to extract these morphometric parameters from salt marshes to map soil organic carbon across a marsh at the meter scale. Soil samples were collected in 2021 from four northeast U.S. salts marshes with distinctive geomorphologies. Tidal creeks were delineated from 1-m resolution topobathy lidar data using a semi-automated workflow in GIS. Log-linear multivariate regression models were developed to predict soil organic matter, bulk density, and carbon density as a function of predictive metrics at each site and across sites. Distance from tidal creeks was the most significant model predictor. Modeling marsh soil characteristics worked best in marshes with single channel hydrology. Addition of distance to the inlet and tidal range as regional metrics significantly improved cross-site modeling. Our mechanistic approach reveals important meter-level variation in soil characteristics across a marsh and provides motivation to continue rigorous mapping of soil carbon at fine spatial resolutions. Furthermore, carbon density values used to calculate total marsh carbon stocks should be carefully selected depending on project scale, marsh geomorphology, and desired accuracy.","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Friction Behavior of Rock-Ice Avalanches in Relation to Rock-Ice Segregation: Insights From Flume Physical Experiments 与岩冰分离有关的岩冰雪崩的摩擦行为：来自水槽物理实验的见解

IF 3.5 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1029/2024JF007904

Xuanmei Fan, Zetao Feng, Tao Ni, Yu Deng, Jing Zhang, Lanxin Dai

{"title":"The Friction Behavior of Rock-Ice Avalanches in Relation to Rock-Ice Segregation: Insights From Flume Physical Experiments","authors":"Xuanmei Fan, Zetao Feng, Tao Ni, Yu Deng, Jing Zhang, Lanxin Dai","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007904","url":null,"abstract":"Rock-ice avalanches in cold-high mountainous regions exhibit remarkably high mobility, frequently resulting in catastrophic consequences. However, the systematic influence of ice on the mobility of rock-ice avalanches remains poorly understood. This paper addresses this gap by conducting a comprehensive flume experiment in a temperature-controlled room at −10°C, simulating rock-ice avalanches and considering variations in rock-ice particle size ratios and ice contents. Overall mobility and segregation patterns are quantified by analyzing deposition characteristics, while high-speed cameras capture velocity and segregation features during motion. Our investigation reveals a notable rock-ice segregation phenomenon that significantly impacts the mobility of the mixture. Building on insights from prior numerical experiments conducted under nearly-no-base-slip conditions (Feng et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jf007115), our results underscore that the particle segregation simultaneously inﬂuences both internal (bulk) and basal frictions, thereby producing diﬀerent nonlinear impacts on the mobility of the rock-ice flow. Additionally, an empirical formula is proposed to describe the evolution of the friction coefficient in cases with different rock-ice particle size ratios and ice contents. These findings have significant implications for predicting runout and assessing the risk of rock-ice avalanches.","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Abundance and Persistence of Plunging Flows in Bedrock Canyons 基岩峡谷中大量和持续的坠流

IF 3.5 2区地球科学

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1029/2024JF007807

Max Hurson, Jeremy G. Venditti, Colin D. Rennie, Eva Kwoll, Kirsti Fairweather, Dan Haught, Saber Ansari, Kyle M. Kusack, Michael Church

{"title":"The Abundance and Persistence of Plunging Flows in Bedrock Canyons","authors":"Max Hurson, Jeremy G. Venditti, Colin D. Rennie, Eva Kwoll, Kirsti Fairweather, Dan Haught, Saber Ansari, Kyle M. Kusack, Michael Church","doi":"10.1029/2024JF007807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007807","url":null,"abstract":"Landscape scale bedrock erosion is the integration of bedrock erosion at the reach scale, which is driven by particle impacts from sediment transport caused by near-bed hydraulics. Plunging flow hydraulics have been identified in bedrock canyons and cause velocity profile inversions, which enhance near-bed velocities, sediment transport, and the potential for bedrock erosion. Observations of plunging flows are limited, and the frequency and statistical properties of this hydraulic phenomenon have not been investigated. Here, we define metrics to identify velocity inversions and use them to detect instances of plunging flows through a 375 km reach of the Fraser River where channel morphology is controlled by bedrock. Isolated plunging flows are identified as well as plunging flow complexes where a series of plunges cause the core of maximum velocity to remain depressed in the water column for a prolonged distance. A significant relationship between plunging flows and bedrock exposure is identified, and plunging flows occupy more than half of the bedrock confined reaches. Stronger plunging flows are correlated with deeper and narrower channels with higher maximum shear stresses. Plunging flows are also concentrated in steeper reaches, which likely represent knickzones in the river profile. We use particle abrasion-based bedrock erosion models to show that plunging flows drive reach-scale incisions in bedrock rivers, creating deep bedrock pools. These pools dominate the incision into the bedrock, which sets the base level for their drainage areas and in turn sets the pace of landscape evolution.","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF007807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0