Journal of Fungi最新文献

{"title":"Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolates of the <i>Candidozyma haemuli</i> Species Complex (Formerly <i>Candida haemulonii</i> Species Complex) from the Brazilian Amazon Reveals the First Case of <i>Candidozyma pseudohaemuli</i> in Brazil.","authors":"Sérgio Lobato França, Rodrigo Santos de Oliveira, Gabriel Silas Marinho Sousa, Sarah Rodrigues de Sá, Walber da Silva Nogueira, Elaine Patrícia Tavares do Espírito Santo, Daniel Dos Santos Caldas, Silvia Helena Marques da Silva","doi":"10.3390/jof11050394","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11050394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study included 24 isolates of the <i>Candidozyma haemuli</i> species complex from patients in the Brazilian Amazon between 2021 and 2024. These isolates were identified by sequencing as <i>C. duobushaemuli</i> (54.2%), <i>C. haemuli</i> sensu stricto (29.2%), <i>C. haemuli</i> var. <i>vulneris</i> (12.5%), and <i>C. pseudohaemuli</i> (4.2%). The finding of <i>C. pseudohaemuli</i> represents the first case reported in Brazil. Haplotype and phylogenetic analysis of these species, along with other isolates from Brazil, revealed low intraspecific genetic diversity. Resistance to at least one antifungal was observed in 83.3% of isolates, with multidrug resistance in 58.3%, including one isolate resistant to all tested antifungals. The isolates demonstrated active biofilm production, lytic enzyme activity, and thermotolerance. Notably, one <i>C. duobushaemuli</i> isolate exhibited tolerance to 42 °C, a phenotype not previously described. It is crucial for Brazil and other countries to recognize the emergence of these species as a public health threat and to take proactive measures to prevent outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pine Forest Plantations in the Neotropics: Challenges and Potential Use of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Bacteria as Inoculants.","authors":"Yajaira Baeza-Guzmán, Sara Lucía Camargo-Ricalde, Dora Trejo-Aguilar, Noé Manuel Montaño","doi":"10.3390/jof11050393","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11050393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forest plantations in the Neotropics aim to alleviate pressure on primary forests. This study synthesizes knowledge on pine species used in these plantations, emphasizing the challenges and potential of ectomycorrhizal fungi and bacteria as inoculants. An analysis of 98 articles identifies 23 pine species in Mexico and Central America and about 16 fast-growing species in South America. While pine plantations provide a habitat for generalist species, they reduce the richness of specialist species. Ectomycorrhizal fungi and bacterial diversity in plantations with introduced pines is up to 20% lower compared to native ecosystems. <i>Suillus</i> and <i>Hebeloma</i> are commonly used as mycorrhizal inoculants for Neotropical and introduced species, including <i>Pinus ponderosa</i> and <i>Pinus radiata</i> in South America. Commercial inoculants predominantly feature the fungal species <i>Pisolithus tinctorius</i>, alongside bacterial genera such as <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Cohnella</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas</i>. This study emphasizes the importance of leveraging native microbial communities and their synergistic interactions with ECM fungi and bacteria to enhance seedling growth and quality. Such a combined approach can improve plantation survival, boost resilience to environmental stressors, and promote long-term productivity. These findings underscore the need to incorporate native fungi and bacteria into inoculant strategies, advancing sustainable forestry practices and ecosystem adaptation in the Neotropics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Sequencing and Characterization of Two <i>Auricularia</i> Species from the Qinling Region: Insights into Evolutionary Dynamics and Secondary Metabolite Potential.","authors":"Jianzhao Qi, Shijie Kang, Ming Zhang, Shen Qi, Yulai Li, Khassanov Vadim, Shuangtian Du, Minglei Li","doi":"10.3390/jof11050395","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11050395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Auricularia</i> mushrooms, common bulk edible fungi, have considerable culinary and medicinal value. The Qinling region, represented by Zhashui County, is the main production area of <i>Auricularia</i> mushrooms in China. In this study, two wild <i>Auricularia</i> strains, M12 and M13, selected from the Qinling region for their desirable horticultural traits after domestication, were sequenced and characterized. Sequencing assembly results based on Illumina NovaSeq and PacBio Sequel II HiFi showed that the M12 genome was 56.04 Mbp in size, with 2.58% heterozygosity and 14.13% repetitive sequences, and was anchored on 12 chromosomes using HI-C technology. In contrast, the M13 genome was 52.10 Mbp, showed 2.34% heterozygosity, 13.89% repetitive sequences, and was assembled into 12 scaffolds. Collinearity analysis revealed extensive homologous regions between the M12 and M13 genomes. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the divergence between M12 and M13 occurred approximately 4.575 million years ago (MYAs), while their divergence from <i>Auricularia subglabra</i> TFB-10046 SS5 occurred approximately 33.537 MYAs. Analyses of CYP450, carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and gene family expansion/contraction revealed distinct genomic features between the two strains. SSR and LTR insertion time analyses revealed the genome dynamics of the two strains during their evolution. Analysis of secondary metabolite-associated biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) provides powerful clues to understand the origin of bioactive compounds in the <i>Auricularia</i> mushroom. This work represents the first genome sequencing of the <i>Auricularia</i> species derived from the Qinling region. These results not only enriched our understanding of the <i>Auricularia</i> genome but also provided an important genomic resource and theoretical basis for the subsequent genetic breeding, functional gene mining, and development of medicinal components of <i>Auricularia</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Neocotylidia</i> gen. nov. (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) Segregated from <i>Cotylidia</i> Based on Morphological, Phylogenetic, and Ecological Evidence.","authors":"Jinxin Ma, Yizhe Zhang, Jiaqi Liang, Yue Li, Heng Zhao, Zhirui Shang, Jing Si, Haijiao Li","doi":"10.3390/jof11050390","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11050390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of <i>Cotylidia</i> (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) were performed. A phylogenetic estimate based on six genetic markers revealed that <i>Cotylidia</i> in the current sense includes species belonging to three distantly related clades in the Hymenochaetales. Based on morphology, phylogeny, and ecological habitat, the name <i>Cotylidia</i> s.s. is proposed for the first clade, including the type species <i>C. undulata</i> and <i>C. carpatica</i>. <i>Neocotylidia</i> gen. nov. is proposed for the second clade, which includes <i>N. diaphana</i>, <i>N. fibrae</i>, the new species <i>N. bambusicola</i>, and two accessions recorded as <i>Cotylidia aurantiaca</i> var. <i>alba</i> and <i>C. aurantiaca</i>. Contrary to the findings in earlier studies, <i>C. pannosa</i> demonstrated a weak grouping affinity with <i>Globulicium hiemale</i>, <i>Hastodontia hastata</i>, <i>Atheloderma mirabile</i>, <i>Tsugacorticium kenaicum</i>, <i>Lawrynomyces capitatus</i>, and <i>Lyoathelia laxa</i>. The morphological characteristics of <i>Cotylidia</i> s.s. are restricted to species with hymenial cystidia, pileocystidia, and caulocystidia, as well as a muscicolous habitat. <i>Neocotylidia</i> species differ from <i>Cotylidia</i> s.s. in the lack of pileocystidia and caulocystidia and substrate preference for soil or wood. Illustrated descriptions of the new species and genus, as well as an identification key to the worldwide species of <i>Cotylidia</i> s.l. are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autophagy-Related Proteins (ATGs) Are Differentially Required for Development and Virulence of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>.","authors":"Thilini Weerasinghe, Josh Li, Xuanye Chen, Jiayang Gao, Lei Tian, Yan Xu, Yihan Gong, Weijie Huang, Yuelin Zhang, Liwen Jiang, Xin Li","doi":"10.3390/jof11050391","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11050391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> is a devastating fungal pathogen that can colonize numerous crops. Despite its economic importance, the regulation of its development and pathogenicity remains poorly understood. From a forward genetic screen in <i>S. sclerotiorum</i>, six UV mutants were identified with loss-of-function mutations in <i>SsATG1</i>, <i>SsATG2</i>, <i>SsATG4</i>, <i>SsATG5</i>, <i>SsATG9</i>, and <i>SsATG26</i>. Functional validation through gene knockouts revealed that each <i>ATG</i> is essential for sclerotia formation, although the morphology of appressoria was not significantly altered in the mutants. Different levels of virulence attenuation were observed among these mutants. Autophagy, monitored using GFP-ATG8, showed dynamic activities during sclerotia development. These findings suggest that macroautophagy and pexophagy contribute to sclerotia maturation and virulence processes. Future work will reveal how autophagy controls target organelle or protein turnover to regulate these processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Fungal Diversity, Community Structure, and Network Stability in the Southwestern Tibetan Plateau.","authors":"Shiqi Zhang, Zhenjiao Cao, Siyi Liu, Zhipeng Hao, Xin Zhang, Guoxin Sun, Yuan Ge, Limei Zhang, Baodong Chen","doi":"10.3390/jof11050389","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11050389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite substantial research on how environmental factors affect fungal diversity, the mechanisms shaping regional-scale diversity patterns remain poorly understood. This study employed ITS high-throughput sequencing to evaluate soil fungal diversity, community composition, and co-occurrence networks across alpine meadows, desert steppes, and alpine shrublands in the southwestern Tibetan Plateau. We found significantly higher fungal α-diversity in alpine meadows and desert steppes than in alpine shrublands. Random forest and CAP analyses identified the mean annual temperature (MAT) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as major ecological drivers. Mantel tests revealed that soil physicochemical properties explained more variation than climate, indicating an indirect climatic influence via soil characteristics. Distance-decay relationships suggested that environmental heterogeneity and species interactions drive community isolation. Structural equation modeling confirmed that the MAT and NDVI regulate soil pH and carbon/nitrogen availability, thereby influencing fungal richness. The highly modular fungal co-occurrence network depended on key nodes for connectivity. Vegetation coverage correlated positively with network structure, while soil pH strongly affected network stability. Spatial heterogeneity constrained stability and diversity through resource distribution and niche segregation, whereas stable networks concentrated resources among dominant species. These findings enhance our understanding of fungal assemblage processes at a regional scale, providing a scientific basis for the management of soil fungal resources in plateau ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Identification of <i>Colletotrichum nymphaeae as a</i> Causal Agent of Leaf Spot on <i>Rhododendron hybridum</i> Ker Gawl and Its Effects on the Ultrastructure of Host Plants.","authors":"Yajiao Sun, Yunjing Tian, Jian Liu, Huali Li, Junjia Lu, Mengyao Wang, Shuwen Liu","doi":"10.3390/jof11050392","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11050392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Rhododendron hybridum</i> Ker Gawl, a widely cultivated horticultural species in China, is highly valued for its ornamental and medicinal properties. However, with the expansion of its cultivation, leaf spot disease has become more prevalent, significantly affecting the ornamental value of <i>R. hybridum</i> Ker Gawl. In this study, <i>R. hybridum</i> Ker Gawl from the Kunming area was selected as the experimental material. The tissue isolation method was employed in this study to isolate pathogenic strains. The biological characteristics of the pathogens were determined using the mycelial growth rate method. The pathogens' influence on the host plant's ultrastructure was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). <i>Colletotrichum nymphaeae</i> was identified as the pathogen implicated in the development of leaf spot disease in <i>R. hybridum</i> Ker Gawl across three regions in Kunming City through the integration of morphological traits and phylogenetic analyses of multiple genes (ITS, ACT, GAPDH, HIS3, CHS1, and TUB2). Its mycelial growth is most effective at a temperature of 25 °C. pH and light have relatively minor effects on the growth of mycelium. The preferred carbon and nitrogen sources were identified as mannitol and yeast extract, respectively. Additionally, TEM observations revealed significant damage to the cell structure of <i>R. hybridum</i> Ker Gawl leaves infected by the pathogen. The cell walls were dissolved, the number of chloroplasts decreased markedly, starch granules within chloroplasts were largely absent, and the number of osmiophilic granules increased. This is the first report of leaf spot disease in <i>R. hybridum</i> Ker Gawl caused by <i>C. nymphaeae</i>. The results of this study provide valuable insights for future research on the prevention and control of this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vacuolar Proteases of <i>Candida auris</i> from Clades III and IV and Their Relationship with Autophagy.","authors":"Daniel Clark-Flores, Alvaro Vidal-Montiel, Ricardo Mondragón-Flores, Eulogio Valentín-Gómez, César Hernández-Rodríguez, Margarita Juárez-Montiel, Lourdes Villa-Tanaca","doi":"10.3390/jof11050388","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11050388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Candida auris</i> is a multidrug-resistant pathogen with a high mortality rate and widespread distribution. Additionally, it can persist on inert surfaces for extended periods, facilitating its transmissibility in hospital settings. Autophagy is a crucial cellular mechanism that enables fungal survival under adverse conditions. A fundamental part of this process is mediated by vacuolar proteases, which play an essential role in the degradation and recycling of cellular components. The present work explores the relationship between <i>C. auris</i> vacuolar peptidases and autophagy, aiming to establish a precedent for understanding the survival mechanisms of this emerging fungus. Thus, eight genes encoding putative vacuolar peptidases in the <i>C. auris</i> genomes were identified: <i>PEP4</i>, <i>PRB1</i>, <i>PRC1</i>, <i>ATG42</i>, <i>CPS</i>, <i>LAP4</i>, <i>APE3</i>, and <i>DAP2</i>. Analysis of the protein domains and their phylogenetic relationships suggests that these enzymes are orthologs of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> vacuolar peptidases. Notably, both vacuolar protease gene expression and the proteolytic activity of cell-free extracts increased under nutritional stress and rapamycin. An increase in the expression of the <i>ATG8</i> gene and the presence of autophagic bodies were also observed. These results suggest that proteases could play a role in yeast autophagy and survival during starvation conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Characterization of Fungal Species Associated with Papaya Rot in Cameroon.","authors":"Moussango Victor Davy, Voundi Olugu Steve, Tchabong Raymond Sammuel, Marie Ampères Bedine Boat, Ntah Ayong Moise, Anna Cazanevscaia Busuioc, Priscile Ebong Mbondi, Andreea Veronica Dediu Botezatu, Manz Koule Jules, Maria Daniela Ionica Mihaila, Rodica Mihaela Dinica, Sameza Modeste Lambert","doi":"10.3390/jof11050385","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11050385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-harvest decay of <i>Carica papaya</i> L. is the primary cause of deterioration in papaya quality and the low economic impact of this sector in Cameroon. Field surveys conducted by teams from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MINADER) in Cameroon have primarily associated these decays with fungal attacks. However, to date, no methodological analysis has been conducted on the identification of these fungal agents. To reduce post-harvest losses, rapid detection of diseases is crucial for the application of effective management strategies. This study sought to identify the fungal agents associated with post-harvest decay of papaya <i>cv</i> Sunrise solo in Cameroon and to determine their physiological and biochemical growth characteristics. Isolation and pathogenicity tests were performed according to Koch's postulate. Molecular identification of isolates was achieved by amplification and sequencing of the ITS1 and ITS4 regions. Phylogenetic analysis was based on the substitution models corresponding to each fungal genus determined by jModeltest, according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Fungal explants of each identified species were subjected to variations in temperature, pH, water activity, and NaCl concentration. The ability to secrete hydrolytic enzymes was determined on specific media such as skimmed milk agar for protease, peptone agar for lipase, and carboxymethylcellulose for cellulase. These experiments allowed the identification of three fungi responsible for papaya fruit decay, namely <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>, <i>Fusarium equiseti</i>, and <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i>. All three pathogens had maximum mycelial growth at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C, pH 6.5, NaCl concentration of 100 µM, and water activity (aw) equal to 0.98. The three fungal agents demonstrated a strong potential for secreting cellulases, lipases, and proteases, which they use as lytic enzymes to degrade papaya tissues. The relative enzymatic activity varied depending on the fungal pathogen as well as the type of enzyme secreted. This study is the first report of <i>F. equiseti</i> as a causal agent of papaya fruit decay in Cameroon.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Neofusicoccum parvum</i> Associated with Fruit Rot of Mango in South Italy and Its Biological Control Under Postharvest Conditions.","authors":"Laura Vecchio, Alessandro Vitale, Dalia Aiello, Chiara Di Pietro, Lucia Parafati, Giancarlo Polizzi","doi":"10.3390/jof11050384","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11050384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Botryosphaeriaceae species were recently found to be responsible for heavy mango crop losses worldwide. In 2020, mango fruit samples showing fruit decay symptoms were collected from Glenn, Kent, Irwin, Palmer, Brokaw 2, and Gomera 3 accessions in 4 orchards located in Sicily (Italy). A molecular analysis of the ITS and tub2 regions performed on 41 representative isolates allowed for the identification of mainly <i>Neofusicoccum parvum</i> and occasionally <i>Botryosphaeria dothidea</i> (1/41) as the causal agents of fruit decay. Pathogenicity proofs were satisfied for both fungal pathogens. Ripe and unripe Gomera 3 mango fruits were used to compare the virulence among the <i>N. parvum</i> isolates. Postharvest experiments performed on Gomera 3 fruits and by using different biocontrol agents (BCAs) showed that the performance of treatments in reducing fruit decay depends on <i>N. parvum</i> virulence. The data show that unregistered <i>Wickerhamomyces anomalus</i> WA-2 and <i>Pichia kluyveri</i> PK-3, followed by the trade bioformulate Serenade™ <i>(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> QST713), were the most effective in managing mango fruit rot. This paper shows, for the first time, the potential of different BCAs, including <i>Trichoderma</i> spp., for the controlling of postharvest decay caused by <i>N. parvum</i> on mango fruits.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}