Journal of Fungi最新文献

{"title":"Species Diversity and Resource Status of Macrofungi in Beijing: Insights from Natural and Urban Habitats.","authors":"Dong-Mei Liu, Shi-Hui Wang, Ke Wang, Jia-Xin Li, Wen-Qiang Yang, Xi-Xi Han, Bin Cao, Shuang-Hui He, Wei-Wei Liu, Rui-Lin Zhao","doi":"10.3390/jof11080607","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study systematically documented macrofungal diversity in Beijing, China (field surveys conducted from 2020 to 2024) using line-transect and random sampling. A total of 1056 species were identified, spanning 2 phyla, 7 classes, 25 orders, 109 families, and 286 genera. The inventory includes 12 new species, 456 new records for Beijing, 79 new records for China, and comprises 116 edible, 56 edible-medicinal, 123 medicinal, and 58 poisonous species. Among these, 542 species were assessed against China's Macrofungi Redlist, revealing eight species needing conservation attention (seven Near Threatened, one Vulnerable). Analysis revealed stark differences in dominant taxa between natural ecosystems (protected areas) and urban green spaces/parks. In natural areas, macrofungi are dominated by 31 families (e.g., Russulaceae, Cortinariaceae) and 47 genera (e.g., <i>Russula</i>, <i>Cortinarius</i>). Ectomycorrhizal lineages prevailed, highlighting their critical role in forest nutrient cycling, plant symbiosis, and ecosystem integrity. In urban areas, 10 families (e.g., Agaricaceae, Psathyrellaceae) and 17 genera (e.g., <i>Leucocoprinus</i>, <i>Coprinellus</i>) were dominant. Saprotrophic genera dominated, indicating their adaptation to decomposing organic matter in human-modified habitats and the provision of ecosystem services. The study demonstrates relatively high macrofungal diversity in Beijing. The distinct functional guild composition-ectomycorrhizal dominance in natural areas versus saprotrophic prevalence in urban zones-reveals complementary ecosystem functions and underscores the conservation value of protected habitats for maintaining vital mycorrhizal networks. These findings provide fundamental data and scientific support for regional biodiversity conservation and sustainable macrofungal resource development.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larvicidal and Immunomodulatory Effects of Conidia and Blastospores of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and <i>Beauveria brongniartii</i> in <i>Aedes aegypti</i>.","authors":"José L Ramirez, Haley M Gore, Angela Payne, Salorrane Miranda Nascimento Pinto, Lina B Flor-Weiler, Everton K K Fernandes, Ephantus J Muturi","doi":"10.3390/jof11080608","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing global burden of mosquito-borne diseases and the widespread development of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes have fueled renewed interest in entomopathogenic fungi as effective tools that are compatible with existing mosquito control strategies. These fungi produce different types of infective propagules, including hydrophobic conidia and yeast-like blastospores, which differ in structure, mode of infection, and virulence. In this study, we evaluated the larvicidal activity of conidial and blastospore propagules from <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> MBC076 and <i>Beauveria brongniartii</i> MBC397 against <i>Aedes aegypti</i>. Conidia exhibited more rapid and more potent larvicidal effects compared to blastospores, but the overall survival at seven days post-infection was similar between the two types of propagules. Interestingly, <i>B. brongniartii</i> blastospore infections resulted in a significantly higher proportion of pupal mortality, suggesting a delayed mode of action. Immune profiling of infected larvae indicated significant induction of antimicrobial effectors such as cecropin, defensin, and attacin, primarily in response to conidial infection. In contrast, blastospore infections were associated with reduced expression of several prophenoloxidase genes, particularly during infection with <i>B. brongniartii</i> blastospores. These findings indicate that different fungal species and their propagule types exert varying levels of virulence and immune modulation in mosquito larvae. This study provides insights into the infection dynamics of fungal propagules and identifies immune markers that can be leveraged to enhance the efficacy of fungal-based larvicides.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Splitting Haploid Chromosomes into Different Nuclei: New Mechanisms of Adaptation in Fungi?","authors":"Lu Liu, James W Kronstad, Zhongshou Wu","doi":"10.3390/jof11080606","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A recent study challenges a fundamental principle of eukaryotic biology that each nucleus houses a complete genome. Two plant pathogenic fungi, <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, exhibit a segregated pattern of haploid chromosome distribution across two or more nuclei within each cell. The unequal distribution of the genome between nuclei suggests a coordinated system of internuclear recognition and regulation of cellular functions, a phenomenon previously associated with communication between nuclei of opposite mating type in both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. Thus, the new study not only shatters expectations about genome biology but also opens new research avenues for understanding fungal adaptation and nuclear behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of Novel and Efficient Methods for Investigating Sexual Reproduction in <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>.","authors":"Yingying Cai, Jing Wang, Muhammad Noman, Zhongna Hao, Zhen Zhang, Haiping Qiu, Rongyao Chai, Yanli Wang, Jiaoyu Wang, Fucheng Lin","doi":"10.3390/jof11080604","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice blast, caused by <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>, significantly threatens global rice production. Disease control is complicated by the pathogen's high genetic diversity, which is driven by heterothallic recombination between opposite mating types that underlies variation. However, mechanisms governing sexual reproduction in this fungus remain poorly characterized, largely due to the absence of reliable methods for scalable ascospore progeny production. In this study, we established two novel mating methods, namely Conidial Mixing Mating (CMM) and Hyphal Segments Mixed Mating (HMM). Both methods employed optimized suspensions (5 × 10⁴ conidia/mL or equivalent hyphal density) mixed at 1:1 ratios, incubated under standardized conditions: 20 °C with a 12 h/12 h photoperiod. We characterized perithecia, asci, and ascospore morphology using fluorescence microscopy, paraffin sectioning, cryo-scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, both methods enabled phenotypic characterization of sexual reproduction-deficient mutants, including Δ<i>Mopmk1</i> and Δ<i>Moopy2</i>. In conclusion, we established two efficient methods for investigating <i>M. oryzae</i> sexual reproduction, providing foundational tools to advance studies of sexual mechanisms, pathogenicity evolution, and genetic variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Li et al. Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of <i>Flammulina filiformis</i> and Functional Validation of <i>Gad</i>, a Key Gene for γ-Aminobutyric Acid Synthesis. <i>J. Fungi</i> 2024, <i>10</i>, 862.","authors":"Wenyun Li, Junjun Shang, Dapeng Bao, Jianing Wan, Chenli Zhou, Zhan Feng, Hewen Li, Youran Shao, Yingying Wu","doi":"10.3390/jof11080605","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AoChk1 Is Required for Sporulation, Trap Formation, and Metabolic Process in <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i>.","authors":"Huan Luo, Qianqian Liu, Si Chen, Xiaoli Li, Haitao Chen, Yuanyuan Xia, Jinkui Yang","doi":"10.3390/jof11080602","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chk1, a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, functions as a critical regulator of fungal cell cycle progression, mitotic fidelity, and DNA damage response. In this study, we characterized an orthologous Chk1 (AoChk1) in a ubiquitous nematode-trapping fungus, <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora,</i> through targeted gene knockout coupled with integrated phenotypic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses. This study aims to elucidate the function and potential regulatory networks of AoChk1 in <i>A. oligospora</i>. Deletion of <i>Aochk1</i> leads to significant reductions in nucleus number, hyphal cell length, conidial production, and trap formation, but an increase in the accumulation of lipid droplets and autophagy. In addition, transcriptomics data indicate that AoChk1 plays an important role in cell cycle and division, nuclear architecture and organelle dynamics, protein homeostasis maintenance, and membrane systems. In addition, the inactivation of the <i>Aochk1</i> exhibited remarkably reduced metabolite abundance relative to the WT strain. In conclusion, our results identify AoChk1 as an important regulator of asexual development, pathogenicity, and metabolic processes in <i>A. oligospora</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JA Signaling Inhibitor JAZ Is Involved in Regulation of AM Symbiosis with Cassava, Including Symbiosis Establishment and Cassava Growth.","authors":"Yu Gao, Siyuan Huang, Jingling Zhang, Lin Zhu, Baocan Zhan, Xiaohui Yu, Yinhua Chen","doi":"10.3390/jof11080601","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mutualism between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is imperative for sustainable agricultural production. Jasmonic acid (JA) signal transduction has been demonstrated to play an important role in AMF symbiosis with the host. In this study, SC9 cassava was selected as the research object to investigate the effect of the jasmonic acid signaling pathway on symbiosis establishment and cassava growth in AMF and cassava symbiosis. It was first found that the symbiosis of cassava and mycorrhizal fungi could increase the biomass of both the aboveground and belowground parts of cassava. Secondly, JA content increased significantly in the early stage of AMF inoculation and auxin content increased significantly in the late stage of AMF inoculation, suggesting that JA signal transduction played an important role in the symbiosis between cassava and mycorrhizal fungi. Transcriptome data were used to analyze the expression differences of genes related to JA synthesis and signal transduction in cassava. The <i>MeJAZ</i> gene positively responded to symbiosis between cassava and mycorrhizal fungi. The analysis of MeJAZ gene family expression and its promoter supported this result. Spraying different concentrations of MeJA on leaves could affect the colonization rate and root biomass of cassava, indicating that JA was an active regulator of mycorrhizal formation. PPI prediction and qPCR analysis suggested that the <i>MeJAZ7</i> gene might be a key transcriptional regulator responding to jasmonic acid signals and regulating mycorrhizal influence on cassava growth and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Insights into the Molecular Basis of Broad Host Adaptability of the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Conidiobolus coronatus</i> (Entomophthoromycotina).","authors":"Fan Bai, Tian Yang, Lvhao Zhang, Jiaqi Yang, Xinyu Chen, Xiang Zhou","doi":"10.3390/jof11080600","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Conidiobolus coronatus</i> (Entomophthorales), a fungal pathogen with a broad insect host range, is a promising candidate for biocontrol applications. We sequenced a <i>C. coronatus</i> strain isolated from a <i>Rhopalomyia</i> sp. cadaver using PacBio long-read sequencing to elucidate the molecular basis of its wide host adaptability. The newly assembled 44.21 Mb genome exhibits high completeness (BUSCO score: 93.45%) and encodes 11,128 protein-coding genes, with 23.1% predicted to mediate pathogen-host interactions. Comparative genomics with the aphid-obligate pathogen <i>C. obscurus</i> revealed significant expansions in gene families associated with host adaptation mechanisms, including host recognition, transcriptional regulation, degradation of host components, detoxification, and immune evasion. Functional annotation highlighted enrichment in cellular component organization and energy metabolism. Pfam annotation identified one hundred twenty-five seven-transmembrane receptors (putative GPCRs), sixty-seven fungus-specific transcription factors, three hundred sixty-one peptidases (one hundred ninety-eight serine proteases and one hundred three metalloproteases), one hundred twenty-seven cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), thirty-five cysteine-rich secretory proteins, and fifty-five tyrosinases. Additionally, four hundred thirty carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) across six major modules were characterized. Untargeted metabolomics detected 22 highly expressed terpenoids, consistent with terpenoid biosynthesis gene clusters in the genome. Collectively, these expansions underpin the broad host range of <i>C. coronatus</i> by enabling cross-host signal decoding and gene expression reprogramming, breaching diverse host physicochemical barriers, and expanding its chemical ecological niche. This study provides genomic insights into broad host adaptability in entomopathogenic fungi, facilitating further understanding of pathogen-host interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Mouse Model of Coccidioidomycosis Using an Inhalation Exposure System.","authors":"Jonathan Rodrigo Erlich, Priscila Rodriguez, Ka Pui Sharon Yau, Matthew Tate, Aaron F Carlin, Joshua Fierer, Theo N Kirkland, Hal M Hoffman, Sinem Beyhan, Ben A Croker","doi":"10.3390/jof11080599","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Coccidioides</i> species are thermally dimorphic fungal pathogens that cause coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever) primarily in North and South America. <i>Coccidioides</i> grow as hyphae that differentiate into arthroconidia, which can be aerosolized upon soil disturbance, and inhaled by the mammalian host to cause pulmonary infections with occasional dissemination to other organs. In the context of mouse models, current methods of infection include intranasal, intravenous, and intraperitoneal delivery of the arthroconidia into mice. To explore an aerosol route of infection, we compared the intranasal method with aerosolization using the Glass-Col Inhalation Exposure System (IES). Infection with a dose of 2 × 10⁶ CFU/mL, nebulized in 5 mL of PBS, but not in water, was able to infect mice, albeit inconsistently, compared to intranasal challenge. Arthroconidia were detected inside the IES after the nebulization and decontamination cycles. These studies highlight some of the challenges with aerosolization of <i>Coccidioides</i> arthroconidia and serve as a reminder about biosafety considerations for use of the IES to aerosolize pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twenty-Year Course of Antifungal Resistance in <i>Candida albicans</i> in Türkiye: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Imdat Kilbas, Elmas Pinar Kahraman Kilbas, Florin George Horhat, Ihsan Hakki Ciftci","doi":"10.3390/jof11080603","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to systematically evaluate the resistance rates of <i>Candida albicans</i> to various antifungals based on studies conducted in Türkiye and published between 2005 and 2025 and to analyze the factors contributing to resistance. A systematic literature search was conducted using various keywords in electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO, Scopus, Turk Medline and Google Scholar). A total of 42 studies were included in the meta-analysis according to the determined criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist, and the analyses were performed using appropriate statistical software. The highest resistance rates for fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole were observed in the Aegean and Marmara regions. In the analyses performed with the random-effects model, heterogeneity was found to be high for itraconazole, fluconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin, and the strongest explanatory variable of this heterogeneity was the geographical region variable. In our study, we determined that antifungal resistance in <i>C. albicans</i> strains in Türkiye is generally low; however, an increasing trend has been observed over the years, especially in amphotericin B resistance. Although the low resistance rates to major antifungal agents such as fluconazole, voriconazole and echinocandins are promising, regional differences and methodological heterogeneity necessitate the development of treatment strategies based on local data.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}