Journal of Fungi最新文献

{"title":"<i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> Immobilized on Wood Demonstrates High Persistence During the Removal of OPFRs in a Trickle-Bed Bioreactor.","authors":"Shamim Tayar, Javier Villagra, Núria Gaju, Maira Martínez-Alonso, Eduardo Beltrán-Flores, Montserrat Sarrà","doi":"10.3390/jof11020085","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11020085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging pollutants such as organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) pose a critical threat to environmental and human health, while conventional wastewater treatments often fail to remove them. This study addresses this issue by evaluating the bioremediation potential of white-rot fungi for the removal of two OPFRs: tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tributyl phosphate (TBP). Three fungal species-<i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>, <i>Trametes versicolor</i>, and <i>Phanerochaete velutina</i>-were screened for their degradation capabilities. Among these, <i>G. lucidum</i> and <i>T. versicolor</i> demonstrated removal efficiencies exceeding 99% for TBP, while removal rates for TCEP were significantly lower, with a maximum of 30%. The exploration of the enzyme role showed that cytochrome P450 is involved in the degradation while the extracellular laccase is not involved. Continuous batch experiments were performed using a trickle-bed reactor (TBR) operating under non-sterile conditions, a setting that closely resembles real-world wastewater treatment environments. <i>G. lucidum</i> was immobilized on oak wood chips, and the removal efficiencies were measured to be 85.3% and 54.8% for TBP and TCEP, respectively, over 10 cycles. Microbial community analysis showed that <i>G. lucidum</i> remained the dominant species in the reactor. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of fungal-based trickle-bed bioreactors, offering a sustainable and efficient alternative for addressing environmental pollution caused by highly recalcitrant pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11856180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Pathogenic and Allergenic Molds in the Outdoor and Indoor Environment of a Major Hospital and Molecular Epidemiology of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> in Kuwait.","authors":"Mohammad Asadzadeh, Suhail Ahmad, Ferry Hagen, Jacques F Meis, Ziauddin Khan","doi":"10.3390/jof11020083","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11020083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aspergilli and other molds are prevalent in the environment and are an important cause of opportunistic infections and seasonal allergies in susceptible patients. This study determined species distribution of various molds in outdoor/indoor air in and around a major hospital and performed antifungal susceptibility testing and molecular fingerprinting of environmental and clinical <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> isolates in Kuwait. Sampling for the isolation of molds was performed for a 17-month-period from the water/indoor air of medical/surgical wards/ICUs and outdoor air. Molds were identified by phenotypic characteristics and/or by the PCR-sequencing of rDNA/β-tubulin/calmodulin genes. Antifungal susceptibility testing was done by Etest. Fingerprinting was performed by nine-loci-based microsatellite analysis. A total of 6179 isolates were obtained from outdoor (<i>n</i> = 4406) and indoor (<i>n</i> = 1773) environments. These included <i>Cladosporium</i> spp. (<i>n</i> = 2311), <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. (<i>n</i> = 1327), <i>Penicillium</i> spp. (<i>n</i> = 1325), <i>Paecilomyces</i> spp. (<i>n</i> = 473), <i>Alternaria</i> spp. (<i>n</i> = 218), <i>Bipolaris</i> spp. (<i>n</i> = 133), and other molds (<i>n</i> = 392). Fingerprinting data revealed heterogeneity among clinical and environmental <i>A. fumigatus</i> and shared genotypes among outdoor air and hospital environmental isolates. Itraconazole-resistant <i>A. fumigatus</i> isolates with TR₃₄/L98H mutations in <i>Cyp51A</i> were also recovered from outdoor air (<i>n</i> = 1), a hospital environment (<i>n</i> = 3), and clinical samples (<i>n</i> = 2). More than 15 fungal genera and all four <i>Aspergillus</i> (<i>Nigri</i>, <i>Flavi</i>, <i>Fumigati</i>, and <i>Terrei</i>) sections and nine rare aspergilli were detected. The isolation frequency was higher during the peak allergy season of October/November. The presence of shared genotypes among outdoor air and the hospital environment including triazole-resistant <i>A. fumigatus</i> suggests a reservoir for invasive infections among susceptible hospitalized patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11856096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Insights into the Role of the MET30 Protein and Its WD40 Domain in <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> Growth and Virulence.","authors":"Fei Wu, Qianlong Sun, Longhui Huang, Sizhen Liu, Yue Chen, Xin Zhang, Chenggang Li, Sheng Guo, Xinqiu Tan","doi":"10.3390/jof11020084","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11020084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> is a major phytopathogen responsible for anthracnose in <i>Capsicum annuum</i> (pepper) which leads to significant yield losses. At present, the molecular mechanism of <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> pathogenesis is not very clear. In this study, we focused on the MET30 protein and its key WD40 domain, with an emphasis on its role in the biological functions of <i>C. gloeosporioides</i>. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the MET30 protein contains a conserved F-box domain and multiple WD40 repeats, which interact with other proteins to participate in various cellular processes, including nutrient acquisition, stress responses, and pathogenicity. Gene knockout and complementation experiments demonstrated that deleting the MET30 protein or its WD40 domain significantly reduced the rates of spore production and hyphal growth while increasing tolerance to environmental stresses such as high salinity and oxidative stress. Furthermore, pathogenicity assays revealed that the WD40 domain of the MET30 protein is crucial for regulating fungal pathogenicity, as mutants lacking WD40 domains presented increased virulence on pepper leaves. These findings suggest that the WD40 domain, in synergy with the MET30 protein, regulates the pathogenicity and stress response of <i>C. gloeosporioides</i>, provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of anthracnose, and offers potential strategies for effective disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11855936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal Biocontrol Agents in the Management of Postharvest Losses of Fresh Produce-A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Phathutshedzo Ramudingana, Ndivhuho Makhado, Casper Nyaradzai Kamutando, Mapitsi Silvester Thantsha, Tshifhiwa Paris Mamphogoro","doi":"10.3390/jof11010082","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11010082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postharvest decay of vegetables and fruits presents a significant threat confronting sustainable food production worldwide, and in the recent times, applying synthetic fungicides has become the most popular technique of managing postharvest losses. However, there are concerns and reported proofs of hazardous impacts on consumers' health and the environment, traceable to the application of chemical treatments as preservatives on fresh produce. Physical methods, on the other hand, cause damage to fresh produce, exposing it to even more infections. Therefore, healthier and more environmentally friendly alternatives to existing methods for managing postharvest decays of fresh produce should be advocated. There is increasing consensus that utilization of biological control agents (BCAs), mainly fungi, represents a more sustainable and effective strategy for controlling postharvest losses compared to physical and chemical treatments. Secretion of antifungal compounds, parasitism, as well as competition for nutrients and space are the most common antagonistic mechanisms employed by these BCAs. This article provides an overview of (i) the methods currently used for management of postharvest diseases of fresh produce, highlighting their limitations, and (ii) the use of biocontrol agents as an alternative strategy for control of such diseases, with emphasis on fungal antagonists, their mode of action, and, more importantly, their advantages when compared to other methods commonly used. We therefore hypothesize that the use of fungal antagonists for prevention of postharvest loss of fresh produce is more effective compared to physical and chemical methods. Finally, particular attention is given to the gaps observed in establishing beneficial microbes as BCAs and factors that hamper their development, particularly in terms of shelf life, efficacy, commercialization, and legislation procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat Leaf Rust Effector Pt48115 Localized in the Chloroplasts and Suppressed Wheat Immunity.","authors":"Lulu Song, Liping Cui, Hao Li, Na Zhang, Wenxiang Yang","doi":"10.3390/jof11010080","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11010080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat leaf rust caused by <i>Puccinia triticina</i> (<i>Pt</i>) is a prevalent disease worldwide, seriously threatening wheat production. <i>Pt</i> acquires nutrients from host cells via haustoria and secretes effector proteins to modify and regulate the expression of host disease resistance genes, thereby facilitating pathogen growth and reproduction. The study of effector proteins is of great significance for clarifying the pathogenic mechanisms of <i>Pt</i> and effective control of leaf rust. Herein, we report a wheat leaf rust candidate effector protein Pt48115 that is highly expressed in the late stages of infection during wheat-<i>Pt</i> interaction. Pt48115 contains a signal peptide with a secretory function and a transit peptide that can translocate Pt48115 to the host chloroplasts. The amino acid sequence polymorphism analysis of Pt48115 in seven different leaf rust races showed that it was highly conserved. Pt48115 inhibited cell death induced by Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) from mice or infestans 1 (INF1) from <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> and by DC3000 in wheat, and its 145-175 amino acids of the C-terminal are critical for its function. Furthermore, Pt48115 inhibited callose deposition and reactive oxygen species accumulation in the wheat cultivar Thatcher, demonstrating that it is an effector that enhances <i>Pt</i> virulence by suppressing wheat defense responses. Our findings lay a foundation for future studies on the pathogenesis of <i>Pt</i> during wheat-fungus interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Chromosome-Scale Genome of <i>Trametes versicolor</i> and Transcriptome-Based Screening for Light-Induced Genes That Promote Triterpene Biosynthesis.","authors":"Yang Yang, Xuebo Hu","doi":"10.3390/jof11010081","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11010081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Trametes versicolor</i> is an important fungus with medicinal properties and a significant role in lignocellulose degradation. In this study, we constructed a high-quality chromosome-level genome of <i>T. versicolor</i> using Illumina, PacBio HiFi, and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The assembled genome is 47.42 Mb in size and contains 13,307 protein-coding genes. BUSCO analysis revealed genome and gene completeness results of 95.80% and 95.90%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that <i>T. versicolor</i> is most closely related to <i>T. pubescens</i>, followed by <i>T. cinnabarina</i> and <i>T. coccinea</i>. Comparative genomic analysis identified 266 syntenic blocks between <i>T. versicolor</i> and <i>Wolfiporia cocos</i>, indicating a conserved evolutionary pattern between the two species. Gene family analysis highlighted the expansion and contraction of genes in functional categories related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including several <i>T. versicolor</i>-specific genes. Key genes involved in lignocellulose degradation and triterpene production were identified within the CAZyme and CYP450 gene families. Transcriptomic analysis under dark and light conditions revealed significant changes in the expression of genes related to secondary metabolism, suggesting that light signals regulate metabolic pathways. A total of 2577 transporter proteins and 2582 membrane proteins were identified and mapped in the <i>T. versicolor</i> genome, and 33 secondary metabolite gene clusters were identified, including two light-sensitive triterpene biosynthesis clusters. This study offers a comprehensive genomic resource for further investigation into the functional genomics, metabolic regulation, and triterpene biosynthesis of <i>T. versicolor</i>, providing valuable insights into fungal evolution and biotechnological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four New or Newly Recorded Species from Freshwater Habitats in Jiangxi Province, China.","authors":"Chen-Yu Xu, Hai-Yan Song, Jian-Ping Zhou, Zhi-Jun Zhai, Chao-Yu Cui, Dian-Ming Hu","doi":"10.3390/jof11010079","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11010079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Freshwater fungi consist of a highly diverse group of organisms in freshwater habitats worldwide. During a survey of fungal diversity in freshwater habitats across different regions of Jiangxi Province, China, four freshwater fungi were collected. To study their phylogenetic relationships, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), large subunit (28S, LSU), small subunit (18S, SSU), and RNA polymerase II subunit (<i>RPB2</i>) genes were selected for phylogenetic analyses. Based on morphology coupled with phylogenetic analysis, these strains were confirmed to belong to <i>Phaeoisaria</i>, <i>Pleurothecium</i>, and <i>Pseudodactylaria</i>. Among them, three fungi were confirmed as the new species, namely, <i>Pleurothecium lignicola</i> (Pleurotheciaceae), <i>Pseudodactylaria jiangxiensis</i> (<i>Pseudodactylariaceae</i>), and <i>Ps. lignicola</i> (Pseudodactylariaceae). One species was identified as <i>Phaeoisaria filiformis</i> (Pleurotheciaceae), a new record of this species in China. All species were compared with other similar species, and detailed descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic data were provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Drying Methods on the Morphological Features, Microstructural Properties, and Antioxidant Performance of <i>Floccularia luteovirens</i>: A Metabolomic Analysis.","authors":"Mengjun Xiao, Tao Wang, Chuyu Tang, Min He, Xiaojian Pu, Tingjing Zhao, Yuling Li","doi":"10.3390/jof11010078","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11010078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Floccularia luteovirens</i> (<i>F. luteovirens</i>) has garnered increasing attention as an ingredient in both the pharmaceutical and food industries. Depending on the drying method, the accumulation of metabolites can greatly affect the quality. This research employed an untargeted metabolomics (LC-MS/MS) strategy to elucidate the similarities and differences in the morphological characteristics, microstructure, antioxidant capacity, and metabolic profiles of <i>F. luteovirens</i> subjected to three distinct drying methods: natural air-drying (YG), oven-drying (HG), and vacuum freeze-drying (DG). Our findings indicated that the color of <i>F. luteovirens</i> samples dried using the YG and HG methods was yellow-brown, exhibiting a high degree of browning, whereas the samples processed by the DG method displayed a golden-yellow hue and a desirable fullness. Regarding microstructure, the <i>F. luteovirens</i> samples from the YG and HG methods exhibited small and unevenly distributed pores, in contrast to the samples from the DG method, which were structurally intact and characterized by large inter-tissue pores. The antioxidant activity exhibited by <i>F. luteovirens</i> samples, which were processed using the DG method, was found to be significantly superior compared to the antioxidant activity of samples dried using two other methods. A correlation analysis indicated a significant link between antioxidant capacity and lipid as well as lipid-like molecules. Metabolomic analysis identified 1617 metabolites across 15 superclasses, with lipids, lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and organic heterocyclic compounds being the predominant metabolites in <i>F. luteovirens</i>. Furthermore, KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted 20 pathways, indicating that the metabolism of amino acids could be significantly involved in the metabolic processes linked to the drying of <i>F. luteovirens</i>. This research clarifies how different drying techniques impact the metabolites or metabolic pathways of <i>F. luteovirens</i>, identifying the mechanisms that influence its quality and providing a reference for optimizing its processing and storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Insights into Chemical Profiles and Health-Promoting Effects of Edible Mushroom <i>Dictyophora indusiate</i> (Vent ex. Pers.) Fischer: A Review.","authors":"Yogesh Kumar, Baojun Xu","doi":"10.3390/jof11010075","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11010075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mushrooms are valued for their culinary and medicinal benefits, containing bioactive compounds like polysaccharides, terpenoids, phenolics, lectins, and ergosterols. This review aims to encourage research on <i>D. indusiata</i> by summarizing its chemistry, health benefits, pharmacology, and potential therapeutic applications. Molecules from <i>D. indusiata</i> offer anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, and anti-bacterial effects. In particular, polysaccharides from <i>Dictyophora indusiata</i> (DIP) enhance immune function, reduce oxidative stress, and promote gut health as prebiotics. DIP shows neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative damage, improving mitochondrial function, and regulating apoptosis, making them beneficial for neurodegenerative diseases. They also activate immune responses through TLR4 and NF-κB pathways. Additionally, compounds like dictyophorines and quinazoline from <i>D. indusiata</i> support nerve growth and protection. Mushrooms help regulate metabolism and improve lipid profiles, with potential applications in managing metabolic disorders, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative conditions. Their wide range of bioactive compounds makes <i>D. indusiata</i> mushrooms functional foods with significant therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11767163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundbreaking Technologies and the Biocontrol of Fungal Vascular Plant Pathogens.","authors":"Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás, Jesús Mercado-Blanco","doi":"10.3390/jof11010077","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11010077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review delves into innovative technologies to improve the control of vascular fungal plant pathogens. It also briefly summarizes traditional biocontrol approaches to manage them, addressing their limitations and emphasizing the need to develop more sustainable and precise solutions. Powerful tools such as next-generation sequencing, meta-omics, and microbiome engineering allow for the targeted manipulation of microbial communities to enhance pathogen suppression. Microbiome-based approaches include the design of synthetic microbial consortia and the transplant of entire or customized soil/plant microbiomes, potentially offering more resilient and adaptable biocontrol strategies. Nanotechnology has also advanced significantly, providing methods for the targeted delivery of biological control agents (BCAs) or compounds derived from them through different nanoparticles (NPs), including bacteriogenic, mycogenic, phytogenic, phycogenic, and debris-derived ones acting as carriers. The use of biodegradable polymeric and non-polymeric eco-friendly NPs, which enable the controlled release of antifungal agents while minimizing environmental impact, is also explored. Furthermore, artificial intelligence and machine learning can revolutionize crop protection through early disease detection, the prediction of disease outbreaks, and precision in BCA treatments. Other technologies such as genome editing, RNA interference (RNAi), and functional peptides can enhance BCA efficacy against pathogenic fungi. Altogether, these technologies provide a comprehensive framework for sustainable and precise management of fungal vascular diseases, redefining pathogen biocontrol in modern agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}