Journal of Fungi最新文献

{"title":"<i>Verticillium</i>-like Anamorphic Fungi in Sordariomycetes from Southwestern China: Two New Taxa and a New Record.","authors":"Quan-Ying Dong, Shun-Yu Gao, Jin-Na Zhou, Cheng-Dong Xu, Zhen-Ji Wang, Nian-Kai Zeng","doi":"10.3390/jof11080598","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Verticillium</i>-like fungi within the Sordariomycetes hold significant ecological and economic importance, especially in biocontrol. This study describes two novel species, <i>Leptobacillium gasaense</i> and <i>Ovicillium yunnanense</i>, and provides DNA sequence data and identification keys for the genera <i>Leptobacillium</i> and <i>Ovicillium</i>. The genus <i>Muscodor</i>, known for its considerable biotechnological value, comprises endophytes characterized by sterile mycelia that produce antibiotic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Historically, the classification of <i>Muscodor</i> has relied on culture characteristics, VOC chemical profiles, and molecular phylogenetic analyses. However, culture characteristics and VOC profiles lack a definitive diagnostic value. Although asexual morphological traits are crucial for genus-level classification, no conidiogenous structures have been observed in <i>Muscodor</i>. Here, we report the asexual morphological characteristics of <i>Muscodor</i> and describe <i>M. coffeanus</i> as a new record in China, supported by both its asexual morphology and molecular phylogenetic evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfer of Downy Mildew Resistance Genes from Wild Cucumbers to Beit Alpha Types.","authors":"Rivka S Hammer, Yariv Ben Naim, Arnon Brand, Yigal Cohen","doi":"10.3390/jof11080597","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete <i>Pseudoperonospora cubensis</i>, is the most destructive foliar disease of cucumbers. While partially resistant slicer cultivars (with spined fruits) are commercially available, no resistant Beit Alpha cultivars (characterized by smooth, dark green fruit) have been developed to date. Here, we report the successful breeding of downy mildew-resistant Beit Alpha cucumber lines. Resistance was transferred from the wild Sikkim cucumber accessions PI 197088 and PI 330628 (characterized by round fruit, with heavily netted brown rind). The resistance and fruit phenotype were restored through backcrosses to elite commercial susceptible cultivars. Due to the recessive nature of the resistance genes and their distribution across multiple chromosomes, the breeding program required multiple backcrosses and stringent selections for both resistance and fruit type.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Effects of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> Appressorium Formation on Insect Cuticle Metabolism Based on LC-MS.","authors":"Jiarui Chen, Wenzhe Li, Canxia Wu, Songqing Wu, Yinghua Tong","doi":"10.3390/jof11080595","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The appressorium is a specialised infection structure formed by <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> during host invasion. This study used sulforaphane to regulate the formation rate of <i>B. bassiana appressoria</i>, evaluated the correlation between appressorium formation and fungal pathogenicity, and explored its impact on insect cuticular metabolism. The results showed that sulforaphane significantly modulated appressorium formation. Spore suspensions with varying appressorium formation rates were injected into <i>Opisina arenosella</i> and <i>Bombyx mori</i> larvae. As the appressorium formation rate increased, <i>B. bassiana</i> exhibited enhanced pathogenicity, leading to accelerated larval mortality. A significant positive correlation (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) was observed between appressorium formation and pathogenicity. LC-MS analysis revealed that, prior to appressorium development, larvae activated defence mechanisms involving secondary metabolites, hormone signalling, and toxin metabolism pathways. Following appressorium formation, 61 unique cuticular compounds were identified, along with activation of host lipid metabolism (notably glycerophospholipid degradation), programmed cell death pathways (ferroptosis, necroptosis), and enhanced energy metabolism via the citric acid cycle-collectively indicating disruption of the epidermal defence barrier. Overall, appressorium development by <i>B. bassiana</i> significantly reshapes the metabolic landscape of the larval cuticle, thereby enhancing fungal virulence. This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of <i>B. bassiana</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Assembly Strategy of a Fungal Genome from Metagenomic Data: <i>Solorina crocea</i> (Peltigerales, Ascomycota) as a Case Study.","authors":"Ana García-Muñoz, Raquel Pino-Bodas","doi":"10.3390/jof11080596","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has given rise to considerably diverse techniques. However, integrating data from these technologies to generate high-quality genomes remains challenging, particularly when starting from metagenomic data. To provide further insight into this process, the genome of the lichenized fungus <i>Solorina crocea</i> was sequenced using DNA extracted from the thallus, which contains the genome of the mycobiont, along with those of the photobionts (a green alga and a cyanobacterium), and other associated microorganisms. Three different strategies were assessed for the assembly of a <i>de novo</i> genome, employing data obtained from Illumina and PacBio HiFi technologies: (1) hybrid assembly based on metagenomic data; (2) assembly based on metagenomic long reads and scaffolded with filtered mycobiont long and short reads; (3) hybrid assembly based on filtered mycobiont short and long reads. Assemblies were compared according to contiguity and completeness criteria. Strategy 2 achieved the most continuous and complete genome, with a size of 55.5 Mb, an N50 of 148.5 kb, and 519 scaffolds. Genome annotation and functional prediction were performed, including identification of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Genome annotation predicted 6151 genes, revealing a high number of genes associated with transport, carbohydrate metabolism, and stress response.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Characteristics and Domestication of <i>Dichomitus squalens</i> and the Antioxidant Activity of Its Cultivated Fruiting Bodies.","authors":"Li-Bo Wang, Zheng-Xiang Qi, Tao Zhang, Ke-Qing Qian, Hai-Yan Lv, Bo Zhang, Yu Li","doi":"10.3390/jof11080594","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single-factor and orthogonal experiments were conducted to investigate the biological characteristics of <i>Dichomitus squalens</i> strains isolated from wild fruiting bodies collected in Tekes County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Building upon the optimal mycelial culture conditions identified, domestication cultivation studies were performed, including experiments to induce fruiting body formation. Liquid strains were inoculated into substrates to monitor developmental stages from primordia formation to mature fruiting bodies, with macroscopic characteristics recorded throughout the cultivation process. Crude polysaccharides were extracted from the cultivated fruiting bodies using the water extraction and ethanol precipitation method. The scavenging rates of these polysaccharides against hydroxyl radicals (OH^-) and superoxide anion radicals (O₂^-) were measured to evaluate their in vitro antioxidant activity. Results demonstrated that the optimal growth conditions for <i>D. squalens</i> were as follows: sucrose as the preferred carbon source, yeast extract powder as the optimal nitrogen source, a pH of 5.0, and a temperature of 30 °C. Among these factors, pH exerted the most significant influence on the mycelial growth rate, followed by nitrogen source, carbon source, and temperature. Mature fruiting bodies developed approximately 57 days after inoculation with liquid strains. The crude polysaccharide extraction yield from the cultivated fruiting bodies reached 7.07%, with a total polysaccharide content of 24.69% in the extract. The crude polysaccharides exhibited potent radical scavenging activity: at a concentration of 5.0 mg/mL, the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was 56.74%, while the superoxide anion radical scavenging rate reached 78.3%. These findings indicate that <i>D. squalens</i> possesses significant antioxidant potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different Disease Levels Reveal Kiwifruit Brown Spot Impacts on Fruit Yield and Quality.","authors":"Yuhang Zhu, Jing Xu, Jun Wang, Rui Yang, Wen Chen, Kaikai Yao, Miaomiao Ma, Qinghua Chen, Zhonghan Fan, Cuiping Wu, Rongping Hu, Guoshu Gong","doi":"10.3390/jof11080593","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kiwifruit brown spot, caused by the fungus <i>Corynespora cassiicola</i>, has recently emerged as a problematic foliar disease of kiwifruit, causing premature defoliation. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of kiwifruit brown spot on the yield and quality of kiwifruit. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the fruit quality of 'Hongyang' kiwifruit in the main producing regions. The first principal component for PCA included the weight of individual fruit, soluble solids content, and dry matter content, which were negative significantly correlated with disease index. The significant differences among different disease levels indicated that the impact of the disease on fruit quality was largely determined by these three intrinsic flavor indices. Due to kiwifruit brown spot, the average yield loss was 22.652%, which leads to kiwifruit quality being downgraded by one grade, resulting in an economic loss of 73,591 yuan/ha. The Pearson correlation coefficient between disease index and comprehensive score of fruit quality was -0.762 (<i>p</i> < 0.01), indicating a significant relationship. Accordingly, the disease loss model was constructed, and the damage threshold based on disease index for kiwifruit brown spot was calculated to be 36.14. In conclusion, this study found that kiwifruit brown spot could have a significant impact on yield and fruit quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding of High-Polysaccharide-Producing <i>Volvariella volvacea</i> Strains Based on Genome Shuffling Technology.","authors":"Lihui Liang, Qihang Su, Yawei Wang, Peichen Du, Suzhen Zhao, Huanjie Zhang, Xiaofeng Gao","doi":"10.3390/jof11080591","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Volvariella volvacea</i>, a fungal species of <i>Volvariella</i> within the Pluteaceae family, is predominantly cultivated in southern China. Polysaccharides, the primary bioactive constituents of <i>V. volvacea</i>, exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. However, current cultivation practices face challenges due to the genetic heterogeneity of strains, leading to inconsistent content and compositional variability of polysaccharides and other functional components. ARTP, denoting atmospheric and room-temperature plasma, is a technology capable of generating plasma jets at ambient pressure with temperatures ranging from 25 to 40 °C. These jets feature high concentrations of highly reactive species, including but not limited to excited-state helium atoms, oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms, and OH radicals. This study aims to develop high-yielding exopolysaccharide (EPS) strains through integrated ARTP mutagenesis and genome shuffling, thereby overcoming current cultivation bottlenecks. ARTP mutagenesis and genome shuffling significantly boosted EPS production in <i>V. volvacea</i>. ARTP generated nine stable mutants with >20% higher EPS yields. Subsequent genome shuffling (three rounds of protoplast fusion) produced the hybrid strain SL212, which achieved 46.85 g/L of EPS, an 111.67% increase over that of the parent strain under identical conditions. Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed that differential metabolites and genes were mainly enriched in galactose metabolism, ABC transporter pathways, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These pathways enhance monosaccharide biosynthesis and generate ATP, providing both precursors and energy for polysaccharide polymerization, thereby driving EPS overproduction. Preliminary mechanistic analysis identified the key contributing factors driving the elevated polysaccharide biosynthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Analysis of <i>Laccaria</i> Genomes at High Altitude.","authors":"Yu Bao, Ye Mu, Jinghuan Hu, Mengchao Chen, Jing Xing","doi":"10.3390/jof11080592","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) harbors extreme environmental conditions (e.g., low temperature, intense UV radiation, and hypoxia), presenting unique challenges for biological adaptation. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptation of macrofungi to high-altitude environments on the QTP remain poorly understood. In this study, we de novo sequenced and assembled the genomes of three <i>Laccaria</i> species collected from the QTP, aiming to unravel the genomic basis of their adaptation to high altitudes. The genomic data indicates that the genome of high-altitude species is slightly larger than that of their low-altitude relatives, particularly due to LTR retrotransposons, which also show a negative correlation with altitude. The expanded and positively selected gene families in high-altitude species were enriched in pathways related to DNA damage repair, maintenance of cell membrane stability, signal transduction, enzyme activity, stress response, and reproduction. In contrast, contracted gene families in high-altitude species were primarily associated with disease and immune responses, likely due to the reduced pathogen pressure in extreme high-altitude environments. Additionally, species-specific genes of high-altitude <i>Laccaria</i> were enriched in functions related to enzyme activity, membrane stability, and signal transduction, further supporting their adaptive roles. Analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) showed distinct gene family distributions between high- and low-altitude species, with several families absent in the low-altitude species, suggesting their potential involvement in environmental adaptation. Overall, our findings indicate that genome size expansion driven by LTR retrotransposons, coordinated evolution of gene families, positive selection, and divergence in CAZymes collectively may contribute to the adaptation of <i>Laccaria</i> to extreme high-altitude environments. This study provides basic data into the genetic mechanisms of fungal adaptation to harsh plateau environments and lays a foundation for further research on extremophilic fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal Pathogens in Pet Dogs and Cats in Grenada: Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility.","authors":"Erica Hazel-Ann Brathwaite, Kamashi Kumar, Grace Dolphin-Bond, Wayne Sylvester, Victor Amadi, Andy Alhassan","doi":"10.3390/jof11080590","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considering the clinical relevance of commensal yeasts (<i>Malassezia</i> and <i>Candida</i>) and zoophilic dermatophytes (<i>Microsporum canis</i> and <i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</i>) in dogs and cats, this study determines the prevalence of fungal species involved in ear and superficial skin infections in dogs and cats in Grenada and examines their antifungal susceptibility. The etiological agents were isolated from ear, skin, and hair samples of suspected clinical fungal cases using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SAB). The isolates' identification comprised morphological, biochemical, and molecular methods encompassing micro-/macroscopy analysis. Biochemically, yeast isolates were identified by the BD Phoenix M50 microbial identification system, and additional validation of all fungal isolates was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the ITS region. Furthermore, the E-Test (Epsilometer Test) was used to determine the susceptibility patterns for four azole drugs: ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, and voriconazole. A total of 405 samples (266 ear, 61 skin, and 78 hair) were collected from 136 dogs and 43 cats. The identified species were <i>Malassezia pachydermatis</i>, <i>Candida tropicalis</i>, and <i>Trichophyton</i> spp. All isolates demonstrated (100%) resistant activity to fluconazole. Importantly, this knowledge will significantly contribute to our understanding of the epidemiology of fungal infections as well as provide guidelines for preventive measures against fungal infections in Grenada.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosing Blastomycosis: A Review of Laboratory Methods and Clinical Utility.","authors":"Tejaswini Saravanababu, Sameer Elsayed, Ruchika Gupta, Johan Delport, Mohammedreza Rahimi Shahmirzadi, Fatimah AlMutawa","doi":"10.3390/jof11080589","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11080589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blastomycosis, caused by dimorphic fungi of the <i>Blastomyces</i> genus, is endemic to regions in North America, including the Great Lakes and other parts of Canada and the United States of America. The infection primarily occurs through the inhalation of airborne conidia from contaminated soil and decaying organic matter. Pulmonary involvement is most common, but dissemination to other organs such as the skin and bones can occur, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Diagnosis is challenging due to its clinical overlap with other diseases. Culture remains the gold-standard diagnostic method, but is time-consuming, with sensitivity ranging from 66.4% to 86%. Tissue histopathology offers quicker results but has sensitivities ranging from 36% to 85%. Antigen detection assays show high sensitivity from 76.3% to 91.3% but suffer from cross-reactivity with other fungi. PCR methods offer high specificity, with sensitivity ranging from 67.6% to 100%. In immunocompromised patients, blastomycosis is often more severe, with a mortality rate exceeding 30%. Multi-modal diagnostic approaches are crucial for accurate detection and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}