Journal of Fungi最新文献

{"title":"Botryosphaeriaceae Species Causing Stem Blight and Dieback of Blueberries in Serbia.","authors":"Miloš Marić, Mira Vojvodić, Darko Jevremović, Bojana Vasilijević, Tanja Vasić, Miljan Grkinić, Aleksandra Bulajić","doi":"10.3390/jof11090686","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the main growing areas in Serbia, plants with symptoms of stem blight were sampled in nine orchards with American highbush blueberry (<i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i>), cultivar 'Duke', with high disease incidence, and 153 samples were taken. A total of 128 Botryosphaeriaceae isolates were characterized on the basis of morphology, sequence analysis, multilocus phylogeny based on ITS, <i>TEF1-α</i> and <i>TUB2</i> sequences and pathogenicity, and belonged to one of the four species <i>Neofusicoccum parvum</i>, <i>Botryosphaeria dothidea</i>, <i>Diplodia seriata</i> and <i>Lasiodiplodia iraniensis</i>. Both <i>D. seriata</i> and <i>L. iraniensis</i> were detected for the first time on blueberries in Serbia, and <i>L. iraniensis</i> was detected for the first time on blueberries worldwide. Comparative morphological and <i>TEF1-α</i> sequence analyses allowed a clear separation of <i>L. iraniensis</i> from the phylogenetically closely related <i>L. fujianensis</i>, <i>L. thailandica</i> and <i>L. endophytica</i>. Of the nine blueberry cultivars 'Aurora', 'Barbara Ann', 'Bluecrop', 'Bluejay', 'Draper', 'Duke', 'Huron', 'Patriot' and 'Spartan' inoculated with <i>L. iraniensis</i> (isolate 421-19), the cultivar 'Duke' was the most susceptible. In our study, the majority of orchards were in their second or third year of production, implying that the planting material is likely to be the source of infection, emphasizing the importance of pathogen-free planting material.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localized Versus Diffuse Corneal Invasion in Fungal Keratitis: Histological Insights from <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Fusarium falciforme</i>.","authors":"Johanna Theuersbacher, Lukas Haug, Alexander Maximilian Aldejohann, Grit Walther, Oliver Kurzai, Daniel Kampik, Jost Hillenkamp","doi":"10.3390/jof11090688","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal keratitis is a severe infection that often requires surgical intervention and is associated with poor outcomes. Penetrating keratoplasty allows for the complete removal of the fungal infiltrate and thus can be a turning point in therapy. The depth of pathogen invasion, which cannot always be reliably assessed by slit lamp examination, can be accurately determined through histological analysis of the corneal trephinate. In this study, we histologically analyzed two corneal trephinates obtained during an emergency keratoplasty performed for uncontrollable mycotic infections. In case 1, caused by <i>Candida albicans</i>, the infiltrate remained localized at the site of pathogen entry. In contrast, in case 2, <i>Fusarium falciforme</i> demonstrated extensive tissue invasion, spreading destructively throughout the cornea. This invasion pattern suggests that <i>Fusarium</i> keratitis is difficult to control due to its aggressive spreading behavior within the tissue. This explains the high rate of penetrating keratoplasty required in such cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of Culturable Fungi in Two-Phase Olive Mill Waste, a Preliminary Evaluation of Their Enzymatic Potential, and Two New <i>Trichoderma</i> Species.","authors":"Vassiliki Fryssouli, Io Kefalogianni, Elias Polemis, Milton A Typas, Georgios I Zervakis","doi":"10.3390/jof11090687","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the diversity and provides a preliminary evaluation of the enzymatic potential of culturable fungi present in two-phase olive mill waste (TPOMW), a lignocellulose- and phenolic-rich agro-industrial by-product generated in large quantities in olive oil-producing countries. Ninety-four isolates, representing 31 species of the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota, were obtained and identified by using ITS, 28S, <i>tef</i>1-α, <i>tub</i>2, <i>rpb</i>2, <i>act</i>, and/or <i>cal</i> sequences. Among the identified taxa, two new <i>Trichoderma</i> species within the Harzianum clade, namely <i>Trichoderma amurcicola</i> (phylogenetically related to <i>T. simile</i> and <i>T. guizhouense</i>) and <i>Trichoderma olivarum</i> (phylogenetically related to <i>T. simmonsii</i>), were described following a multilocus phylogenetic analysis combined with a study of their morphoanatomical features. A rather high phylogenetic divergence was detected in <i>Candida boidinii</i>, <i>Pleurostoma richardsiae,</i> and <i>Mucor circinelloides</i>, while <i>Cladosporium limoniforme</i>, <i>Mucor pseudolusitanicus</i>, <i>Stagonosporopsis ailanthicola,</i> and <i>Talaromyces nanjingensis</i> were recorded for the first time in TPOMW. A preliminary screening revealed 29 species with cellulolytic and/or xylanolytic activities; 26 species displayed dye decolorization capacity, while ligninolytic and laccase activities were restricted to a few taxa. The most promising degraders of lignocellulosics included strains of <i>Cladosporium limoniforme</i>, <i>C. ramotenellum</i>, <i>Fuscoporia ferrea, Peniophora lycii</i>, and <i>Pseudophlebia setulosa</i>. Fungi detected in TPOMW are promising biotechnological tools to be exploited in the frame of circular economy applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Candida intermedia</i> Supplementation Enhances Immune Response and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mice.","authors":"Renan E A Piraine, Neida L Conrad, Vitória S Gonçalves, Jeferson V Ramos, Júlia L Froldi, Fausto Almeida, Fábio P L Leite","doi":"10.3390/jof11090685","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> yeasts are emerging as promising new probiotics with a beneficial effect equal to or greater than the reference probiotic yeast, <i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i>. <i>Candida intermedia</i>, a non-<i>albicans</i> species not considered a common human pathogen, previously demonstrated probiotic potential. In this work, our objective was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of <i>C. intermedia</i> ORQ001 in mice vaccinated with inactivated SARS-CoV-2, seeking further evidence of its probiotic activity. Murine macrophages were stimulated with <i>C. intermedia</i>, followed by mRNA transcription analysis via qPCR. Mice were supplemented with <i>C. intermedia</i> prior to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Antibody production was assessed by ELISA, and fecal microbiomes were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. <i>C. intermedia</i> significantly increased <i>Il4</i> and <i>Il13</i> expression while decreasing <i>Stat3</i> in macrophages. Splenocytes from supplemented mice exhibited elevated transcription levels of <i>Tnf</i>, <i>Ifng</i>, <i>Il4</i>, <i>Bcl6</i>, and <i>Stat3</i> after exposure to stimulatory molecules. These mice showed increased levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and sIgA isotypes, along with higher abundances of <i>Bacteroides</i> spp. and <i>Clostridium</i> spp. in their gut microbiome. In conclusion, <i>C. intermedia</i> supplementation modulated the expression of key immune-related genes and enhanced humoral responses in mice. Furthermore, its influence on gastrointestinal microbiota suggests a synergistic effect on vaccine immunogenicity. These findings support the potential of <i>C. intermedia</i> as a novel probiotic candidate with immunomodulatory properties applicable to vaccine adjuvanticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of Enzyme Activity Regulation and Strain-Specific Response of <i>Lentinula edodes</i> Cultivation Adaptability Under Peach Wood Substrate.","authors":"Ning Jiang, Hao-Ran Dong, Long Tian, Tai-Zeng Xin, Shou-Xian Wang, Yu Li, Mei-Na He, Hai-Long Yu","doi":"10.3390/jof11090684","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The resource utilization of peach wood as agricultural waste holds significant importance for the sustainable development of the edible fungi industry, yet its regulatory effects on the physiology and safety of <i>Lentinula edodes</i> (<i>L. edodes</i>) remain unclear. This study selected four <i>L. edodes</i> (F2, 0912, N5, and 215) and systematically analyzed their cultivation adaptability across five peach wood substrate proportions (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%). Results indicated that while high peach wood proportions inhibited laccase activity and delayed mycelial growth, high carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase activity formed a critical compensatory effect, ultimately enhancing total yield. Peach wood improved production through strain-specific mechanisms. F2 increased via single mushroom weight gain, while N5 relied on xylanase-driven primordia differentiation to boost mushroom numbers. Adding peach wood significantly increased crude protein, crude lipid, and total polysaccharide in F2, maintaining normal agronomic traits and increasing secondary mushroom proportion. Safety risks focused on arsenic accumulation, with 80% peach wood causing F2 to exceed control levels, albeit remaining far below the national standards. This study is among the first to elucidate peach wood's temporal enzyme regulation for the maintenance of <i>L. edodes</i> yield. Future optimization through peach wood pretreatment and low arsenic strain selection could provide technical support for the high value utilization of agricultural waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp., Their Biomanagement Against <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i>, and Growth Promotion of <i>Zea mays</i>.","authors":"Eman G A M El-Dawy, Youssuf A Gherbawy, Pet Ioan, Mohamed A Hussein","doi":"10.3390/jof11090683","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species of <i>Trichoderma</i> are currently in high demand as eco-friendly and commercial biocontrol agents due to the proliferation of organic farming methods. This study focused on the potential biocontrol agents of <i>Trichoderma</i> against plant-pathogenic fungi. <i>Trichoderma</i> strains were isolated from different sources (soil, grapevine tissues, lemon fruit, and maize seeds), and were characterized morphologically on two culture media, i.e., Potato Dextrose Agar and Malt Extract Agar, and molecularly using two gene regions: translation elongation factor 1 (TEF) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Phylogenetic trees were constructed. As a result, two <i>Trichoderma</i> species were identified, i.e., <i>T. afroharzianum</i> and <i>T. longibrachiatum.</i> The biocontrol effects of all isolated strains of <i>Trichoderma</i> on <i>Fusarium</i> plant damping-off and the promotion of plant growth were evaluated. Additionally, the antagonistic efficiency of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. against <i>F</i>. <i>proliferatum</i> using the dual-culture method was evaluated. Under greenhouse conditions, <i>T</i>. <i>afroharzianum</i> strains AEMCTa3 and AEMCTa6 were used to treat maize plants infected with <i>Fusarium</i>. The application of <i>Trichoderma</i> significantly reduced the disease index to 15.6% and 0%, respectively. Additionally, maize seedlings showed significant improvements in shoot and root lengths and fresh and dry weights and increased photosynthetic pigment contents compared to <i>Fusarium</i>-infected plants and the untreated control. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of <i>T. afroharzianum</i> extracts identified a variety of bioactive compounds. These compounds included antifungal substances like N-ethyl-1,3-dithioisoindoline, as well as plant growth-promoting hormones like 6-pentyl-α-pyrone and gibberellic acid. Interestingly, the analysis also revealed new phenylacetic acid derivatives that may play important roles in both plant health and disease resistance. From a practical perspective, developing diverse application methods for <i>Trichoderma</i> is essential to optimize its role as a biocontrol agent and a plant growth promoter, thereby supporting sustainable agriculture through improved adaptability and effectiveness across different farming systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Species Diversity Within Early-Diverging Fungi from China IX: Four New Species of <i>Mucor</i> (Mucoromycota).","authors":"Zi-Ying Ding, Xin-Yu Ji, Fei Li, Wen-Xiu Liu, Shi Wang, Heng Zhao, Xiao-Yong Liu","doi":"10.3390/jof11090682","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mucor</i> species are fast-growing filamentous fungi, widespread in natural ecosystems. As opportunistic pathogens, some species can cause mucormycoses in humans and animals, while others hold significant economic value in food fermentation and bioengineering. In this study, four novel species were identified from soil samples collected in Xizang Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province, China, and their establishment as new species was supported by morphological characteristics and molecular data (ITS-LSU-<i>RPB1</i>), with phylogenetic analyses conducted using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) methods. <i>M. globosporus</i> sp. nov. is characterized by producing globose chlamydospores. <i>M. multimorphus</i> sp. nov. is distinguished by swelling in the sporangiophores. <i>M. polymorphus</i> sp. nov. is differentiated by polymorphic chlamydospores. And <i>M. xizangensis</i> sp. nov. reflects its geographical origin in the Xizang Autonomous Region. Comprehensive descriptions of each novel taxon are presented herein. This study constitutes the ninth segment in an ongoing series elucidating early-diverging fungal diversity in China, expanding the understanding of the phylogeny of <i>Mucor</i> fungi and extending the worldwide number of known <i>Mucor</i> species to 137.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Biocontrol Activity of <i>Debaryomyces hansenii</i> Against Spoilage Molds in Synthetic and Meat-Derived Media.","authors":"Francisco J Ruiz-Castilla, Ana L Pérez-Fernández, Pablo I Villamagua-Rojas, Helena Chacón-Navarrete, José Ramos","doi":"10.3390/jof11090681","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing interest in natural preservatives has driven the search for effective microbial agents capable of controlling spoilage molds in cured meat products. In this study, the efficacy of <i>Debaryomyces hansenii</i> strains as biocontrol agents against spoilage molds in dry-cured meat products was evaluated through a dual experimental approach using both synthetic (PDA) and meat-derived media (LBM). While all <i>D. hansenii</i> strains demonstrated strong antifungal activity in nutrient-rich synthetic media, their performance in meat-like conditions was moderate to high, with significant differences depending on the mold species, the yeast strain, and their interaction with the culture medium. Our results highlight that antifungal efficacy is strongly influenced by the growth environment, underscoring the limitations of traditional in vitro assays that depend solely on synthetic media. Incorporating food-mimicking systems early in the screening process proved critical to identify strain-mold-medium combinations with the highest potential. These findings support the potential application of native <i>D. hansenii</i> strains as natural preservatives to enhance the safety and shelf life of dry-cured meats, emphasizing the importance of testing in conditions that closely resemble the target food environment to select the most effective biocontrol solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase Separation-Regulated Fungal Growth, Sexual Development, Adaptation and Synthetic Biology Applications.","authors":"Xinxin Tong, Daixi Zhang, Zhenhong Zhu","doi":"10.3390/jof11090680","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a fundamental biophysical process in which proteins and nucleic acids dynamically demix from the cellular milieu to form membraneless organelles (MLO) with liquid-like properties. Environmental cues, such as light, temperature fluctuations, and pathogen interactions, induce LLPS of fungal proteins with intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) or multimerization domains, thereby regulating fungal hyphal growth, sexual reproduction, pathogenesis, and adaptation. Recently, LLPS has emerged as a powerful tool for biomolecular research, innovative biotechnological application, biosynthesis and metabolic engineering. This review focuses on the current advances in environmental cue-triggered fungal condensates assembled by LLPS, with a focus on their roles in regulating the fungal physical biology and cellular processes including transcription, RNA modification, translation, posttranslational modification process (PTM), transport, and stress response. It further discusses the strategies of engineering synthetic biomolecular condensates in microbial cell factories to enhance production and metabolic efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Associated with <i>Pinus cembroides</i> subsp. <i>orizabensis</i>, an Endemic Pine in the Arid Zones of the Oriental Basin, Puebla, Mexico.","authors":"Yajaira Baeza-Guzmán, Marian Silvana Vásquez-Jiménez, Elvira Morgado-Viveros, Luz Amelia Sánchez-Landero, Dora Trejo-Aguilar","doi":"10.3390/jof11090677","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) associated with the roots of <i>Pinus cembroides</i> subsp. <i>orizabensis</i>, a key pinyon pine species for local forestry in the Oriental Basin, Puebla, Mexico, were identified and analyzed. The study aimed to evaluate the diversity of EMF in this endemic pine across three sampling transects (T1, T2, T3), each located in sites with different vegetation compositions and pine cover. In each site, a 100 m × 25 m transect was established, and root tips colonized by EMF were collected for morphological and molecular identification. Alpha (α) and beta (β) diversity were calculated for each transect. A total of 16 EMF morphotypes were identified, and molecular analysis confirmed four taxa: <i>Geopora arenicola</i>, <i>Rhizopogon</i> aff. <i>subpurpurascens</i>, <i>Tomentella</i> sp. 1, and <i>Tricholoma</i> sp. 1. The transect with the highest <i>P. cembroides</i> cover showed the greatest fungal richness. Beta diversity, as measured by Sørensen index partitioning, revealed a 30% species turnover between T1 and T2 and a 60% turnover between T2 and T3, suggesting distinct fungal communities. In contrast, no turnover but a nested pattern was observed between T1 and T3, indicating that the less diverse community is a subset of the richer one. These results show that EMF composition varies with pine cover and vegetation heterogeneity, highlighting the influence of disturbance on fungal diversity. This is the first report of EMF fungi associated with <i>Pinus cembroides</i> subsp. <i>orizabensis</i>, as well as the first record of <i>G. arenicola</i> in arid pine forests in Mexico.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}