Journal of Fungi最新文献

{"title":"<i>Sg</i>trCypB Formulated with Freund's Adjuvant Confers Protective Immunity Against <i>S. globosa</i> and Partial Cross-Protection Against <i>S. schenckii</i> Infections in Mice.","authors":"Ling Hu, Baicheng Deng, Yuyan Hong, Meizhen Zhong, Xiaoyu Zhi, Xuchu Hu, Huaiqiu Huang","doi":"10.3390/jof12090706","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof12090706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Sporothrix globosa</i> is the predominant cause of sporotrichosis in China, highlighting the need for effective vaccine strategies. Cyclophilins from pathogenic microorganisms have emerged as potential vaccine antigens. We previously generated a high-yield, high-purity recombinant truncated <i>S. globosa</i> cyclophilin B protein (<i>Sg</i>trCypB) retaining its functional domain. Here, BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with <i>Sg</i>trCypB alone or formulated with Freund's adjuvant to evaluate immunogenicity. Only the adjuvant-formulated vaccine induced a high antibody titer (1:51,200). Then, the infection-challenge experiments compared the <i>Sg</i>trCypB formulated with Freund's adjuvant and PBS formulated with Freund's adjuvant groups. Following challenge, <i>Sg</i>trCypB plus adjuvant reduced cutaneous lesion size (0.6 vs. 1.0 cm at week 1) without significantly affecting ulcer incidence. In systemic <i>S. globosa</i> infection, vaccination increased survival to 90% versus 40% in controls and reduced organ fungal burdens. Partial cross-protection was observed against <i>S. schenckii</i>, with 60% versus 20% survival and lower fungal burdens in the kidneys and lungs. Protection against <i>C. albicans</i> was minimal. These findings identify <i>Sg</i>trCypB as a promising protective antigen against <i>S. globosa</i> and <i>S. schenckii</i> and support further evaluation with clinically applicable adjuvants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physio-Morphological Assessment and Multi-Omics Analysis of <i>Flammulina filiformis</i> Mycelial Ageing.","authors":"Keming Zhu, Zenan Huang, Waner Lv, Yingjie Liu, Zhiying Lin, Zhiyuan Wang, Haoran Xu, Chengzhen Gu, Shujing Sun","doi":"10.3390/jof12090708","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof12090708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Flammulina filiformis</i> is one of the most important commercially cultivated species, and the assessment of strain quality is of paramount importance. The analysis measured physiological-biochemical indicators, morphological indicators, combined non-targeted metabolomics, and microbiomics in <i>F. filiformis</i> strains of different ages. The results indicate that, as the culture age increased, ergosterol content and catalase (CAT) activity declined continuously. The morphology of the mycelia gradually deteriorated, and yield continued to decrease. The relative content of lipids and lipid-like molecules decreased overall, while the proportion of organic acids and their derivatives increased; the oxidative phosphorylation pathway continued to be significantly enriched. The richness and diversity of the mycelium-associated bacterial community in the mycelia decreased significantly, and the microbial community structure changed. The community was dominated by the genus <i>Acinetobacter</i> from 15 to 60 days, whereas the genus <i>Serratia</i> was predominant in 90 days group. Correlation analysis revealed that the core differential signature metabolites MG 14:1_0:0_0:0, aspartic acid-threonine-aspartamide, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) were significantly correlated with multiple physiological-biochemical indicators. N-arachidonyl glycine showed significant correlations with 21 core bacterial genera; the dominant genera <i>Acinetobacter</i> and <i>Serratia</i> exhibited strong correlations with membrane homeostasis, core indicators of oxidative damage, and signature metabolites. These results indicate that the mycelial vitality of <i>F. filiformis</i> remains good within the first 15 days of cultivation, with significant ageing occurring after 60 days. These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing fungal strain preservation techniques and regulating mycelial ageing.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic Analysis of Edible Mushroom Fruiting Bodies in Monocular RGB Images: A Problem-Oriented Critical Review.","authors":"Wei Zhao, Xin Tian, Lu Yuan, Yinglong Wang, Quan Wei, Hua Yin, Ziwei Song","doi":"10.3390/jof12090704","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof12090704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monocular RGB imaging offers a low-cost, flexible approach to morphological measurement, quality assessment, growth monitoring, and production automation for edible mushroom fruiting bodies. However, the relationships among visible phenotypes, visual methods, measurement reliability, and production requirements remain insufficiently integrated. This problem-oriented review synthesizes 76 core studies published between 2016 and the final search date in 2026 through a framework linking visible phenotypes, visual tasks, key bottlenecks, and production applications. It covers individual localization and separation, structural measurement, spatial estimation, quality and species recognition, temporal analysis, and production deployment. The reviewed studies reveal a transition from static two-dimensional detection and counting toward instance-level morphological measurement, three-dimensional parameter estimation, and spatiotemporal growth modeling, extending phenotyping from visible appearance description to spatial trait estimation and growth prediction. Quantitative results also highlight the importance of evaluation conditions: for example, MSH-YOLOv8 achieved an AP50 of 98.49% on the Fungi dataset, whereas AP50:95 and small-object AP were 75.29% and 39.73%, respectively, indicating that high AP50 alone does not adequately characterize detection performance under stricter localization criteria or for small targets. These study-specific results cannot be directly extrapolated to commercial production environments. Severe occlusion, projection errors, inconsistent phenotype definitions, and temporal instability continue to constrain measurement reliability. Moreover, reliable performance without extensive retraining following changes in strains, substrates, or lighting systems remains insufficiently demonstrated. Future research should prioritize standardized multi-task and temporal datasets, unified phenotype definitions, uncertainty evaluation, occlusion-robust spatial and temporal modeling, and closed-loop production validation. Commercial scaling of low-cost monocular RGB imaging in protected mushroom cultivation depends on translating its affordability into reliable performance under severe occlusion and across production conditions, thereby enabling accessible automation for small and medium-scale producers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Profiling of ssODN Determinants Establishes Optimized LbCas12a-Mediated HDR for Precise Genome Editing in <i>Flammulina filiformis</i>.","authors":"Dinghong Jia, Xun Liu, Di Wang, Xiaolan He, Xinmin Liang, Weihong Peng","doi":"10.3390/jof12090705","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof12090705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although gene editing technologies have advanced considerably, research on gene editing in <i>Flammulina filiformis</i> remains in its infancy, and a systematic evaluation of how ssODN donor properties affect HDR efficiency in this species is still lacking. To enable precise genome editing in the edible mushroom <i>F. filiformis</i>, we established an LbCas12a ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR) platform in protoplasts and systematically evaluated key ssODN donor design parameters: PAM-site mutation, homology arm distance, RAD51-preferred sequences (RPSs), truncated Cas target sequences (tCTSs), the RS-1 enhancer, and thermodynamic stability (ΔG). A PAM-disrupting mutation greatly increased HDR efficiency, up to 58.5%. Extending the left homology arm 174 bp upstream of the break still yielded 20.2% HDR, expanding the tolerable distance. RPSs showed context-dependent effects: enhancing HDR up to 287.8% in some designs but reducing it by 61.9% in another. Both tCTS and RS-1 consistently suppressed HDR. No strong linear correlation between ΔG and HDR efficiency was observed. Collectively, from experiments conducted at a single genomic locus, our results not only establish a versatile precision-editing platform for <i>F. filiformis</i> through optimized ssODN design, but also offer tentative and transferable insights into the HDR-mediated genome editing of other heterokaryotic basidiomycetes facing similar genetic operation challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Challenges of Non-Sporulating Fungal Isolates Recovered from Traumatic Wounds Following Motor Vehicle Collisions: <i>Subramaniula asteroides</i> and <i>Aspergillus quadrilineatus</i> in the United Arab Emirates.","authors":"Hari Pankaj Vanam, Deema Abdulrahim Alamoodi, Akela Ghazawi, Connie Cañete-Gibas, Nathan P Wiederhold, Fatima Al Dhaheri","doi":"10.3390/jof12090707","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof12090707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental fungi may be recovered from traumatic wounds following motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), but distinguishing transient environmental inoculation, colonization, or contamination from true fungal infection can be challenging. Diagnostic challenges arise when fungal isolates recovered from clinical specimens remain non-sporulating (i.e., sterile), limiting conventional morphological identification and potentially remaining unidentified by routine laboratory platforms such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). We describe two cases involving the recovery and diagnostic characterization of <i>Subramaniula asteroides</i> and <i>Aspergillus quadrilineatus</i> from traumatic wounds following MVC-related polytrauma in the United Arab Emirates. In Case 1, a 55-year-old man with a severe crush-degloving hand injury underwent infectious disease evaluation for a suspected complicated skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI), prompting wound culture and antibacterial therapy. The recovered non-sporulating mold was identified as <i>S. asteroides</i> by ITS and D1/D2 sequencing and phylogenetic analysis; histopathologic assessment for fungal tissue invasion was not performed, no antifungal therapy was documented, and the wound improved following surgical and antibacterial management. In Case 2, a 40-year-old man with extensive upper-limb trauma underwent debridement and skin grafting, with wound culture yielding an initially non-sporulating mold subsequently identified as <i>A. quadrilineatus</i> by multilocus analysis of ITS, β-tubulin, and calmodulin. Voriconazole was initiated following communication of the species-level identification and discontinued after 15 days when the isolate was considered more likely to represent colonization or contamination than true wound infection. Although invasive fungal disease was not established in either case, these reports highlight the diagnostic challenges posed by non-sporulating molds, particularly in distinguishing fungal recovery from true infection in traumatic wounds. They also demonstrate the value of reference mycology laboratories integrating phenotypic and molecular approaches in accurately identifying uncommon environmental fungi and informing the interpretation of their clinical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference Database Selection Influences Both Taxonomic Annotation and Ecological Inference in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities.","authors":"Yajie Liu, Na Li, Xiaoshuang Ma, Kaiyuan Zhang, Nianci Li, Chunxue Yang","doi":"10.3390/jof12090703","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof12090703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are keystone microorganisms in soil ecosystems, and their community composition plays a crucial role in regulating ecosystem functions. Although high-throughput sequencing is widely used to characterize their communities, the selection of reference databases for sequence annotation remains inconsistent. To assess database performance at the species level, rhizosphere soil and root samples from four plant species with contrasting communities were subjected to amplicon sequencing. Taxonomic annotations generated using the MaarjAM, SILVA, and NCBI databases were compared. NCBI provided the highest taxonomic resolution, identifying 18 genera and 108 species, including <i>Rhizophagus intraradices</i> and <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i>, with assignments supported by spore isolation and nomenclatural verification. In contrast, MaarjAM recovered the most ASVs but contained numerous virtual taxa, whereas SILVA showed limited annotation depth and fewest assignments. Comparative analyses showed that NCBI was more sensitive in distinguishing samples based on alpha diversity and community structure and produced species distributions more consistent with ecological expectations. Although core metabolic profiles were conserved across databases, suggesting functional redundancy that may contribute to ecosystem stability, database selection influenced relationship interpretation between environmental variables and communities. Overall, NCBI is recommended for species-level annotation and community analysis, whereas inappropriate database selection may bias biodiversity assessment and ecological inference.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Detection of Postharvest Potato Tuber Dry Rot Based on Hyperspectral Imaging and a Dual-Branch ResNet12-SE Spatial-Spectral Fusion Network.","authors":"Hanwen Cao, Jiahui Liu, Tao Liu, Mingmin Zhao, Huali Xue, Min Hao","doi":"10.3390/jof12090702","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof12090702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potato tuber dry rot is a major postharvest decay caused predominantly by <i>Fusarium</i> spp. During early infection, external symptoms may be absent even when faint internal browning, localized dehydration, and tissue structure changes have begun. Manual inspection, destructive cutting, and culture- or molecular-based assays are therefore poorly suited to rapid, nondestructive, high-throughput screening. We developed a near-infrared hyperspectral imaging method that combines spatial and spectral representations in a dual-branch ResNet12-SE network. The working dataset contained 1725 labeled records (862 healthy and 863 early-infected records); records were assigned to subsets by tuber identifier, and an infected volume ratio below 5% was used as an operational early infection threshold. The calibrated model input was a 224-band, 224 × 224 hyperspectral cube. The spatial branch used a ResNet-12 backbone with spatial squeeze-and-excitation (SE), whereas the spectral branch used spectral SE followed by bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM). The two feature vectors were concatenated for binary classification. In the single-split test, the proposed model achieved 98.22% accuracy, compared with 90.67% for the ResNet-12 baseline and 97.43% for Vision Transformer. Preprocessing, principal component image, local binary pattern, and gray-level co-occurrence matrix analyses provide complementary interpretation of the spectral and spatial responses. The results support the feasibility of hyperspectral screening under the controlled laboratory protocol and define the validation work required before broader deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid Fermentation Products of <i>Trichoderma viride</i> Improve Soil Aggregation, Soil Nutrient Status and Plant Growth.","authors":"Xiaowei Wei, Yuqi Pan, Mingyue Sun, Guangyuan Yao, Shihan Feng, Yidi Gai, Yize Zhao, Xuechen Yang","doi":"10.3390/jof12090701","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof12090701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil degradation caused by intensive agricultural management has become a major constraint on sustainable crop production, highlighting the need for multifunctional soil amendments capable of simultaneously improving soil structural quality and crop performance. In this greenhouse pot experiment, the effects of <i>Trichoderma viride</i>-fermented xylose residue on soil physical and chemical properties, aggregate stability, soil nutrient status, root development, photosynthetic characteristics, and cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) growth were evaluated. The fermented amendment was incorporated into soil at application rates of 0 (CK), 0.5 (T1), 0.75 (T2), 1.0 (T3), 1.25 (T4), and 1.5% (T5) (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>). Amendment application significantly affected soil structural characteristics and plant growth responses. Compared with the control, T3 and T4 increased the proportion of macroaggregates by 3.12% and 6.09%, respectively, whereas mean weight diameter increased by 26.81-29.76% under T3-T5. The T2 treatment produced the highest soil porosity, aeration porosity, capillary porosity, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate. Soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total carbon, and total organic carbon concentrations also differed significantly among treatments, while plant nitrogen and phosphorus contents were markedly enhanced under T2 and T3. Aboveground biomass increased by up to 59.80% relative to the control. Mantel analysis revealed significant associations among soil physical and chemical properties, aggregate characteristics, root morphology, plant nutrient contents, and biomass accumulation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that <i>T. viride</i>-fermented corncob xylose residue can improve soil structural properties and promote cucumber growth under greenhouse pot conditions. Among the application rates evaluated, 0.75% provided the most balanced overall response across soil physical properties and plant performance. The present study provides a basis for the utilization of fermented lignocellulosic residues as integrated bio-organic amendments for sustainable soil management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten-Year Voriconazole Susceptibility Trends Among 1482 Clinical <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> Isolates: A Compositionally Controlled Multicenter Analysis of the VIVLI/SENTRY Platform (2010-2020).","authors":"Jose W Lopez, Alicia A Segura-Grados, Emily Olascoaga-Mori, Harold J Rodríguez-Madueño","doi":"10.3390/jof12090699","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof12090699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Azole resistance in <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> is an emerging threat to invasive and chronic aspergillosis management, yet multicenter trend analyses rarely verify whether the composition of surveillance data remained stable over time. We performed a longitudinal, secondary-data analysis of 2111 <i>Aspergillus</i> isolates registered in the VIVLI AMR platform (ATLAS Antifungals, SENTRY Program) between 2010 and 2020. Because Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) voriconazole breakpoints are established only for <i>A. fumigatus</i> in this dataset, the susceptibility-trend analysis was restricted to <i>A. fumigatus</i> isolates with a valid interpretation (n = 1482/1483). <i>A. fumigatus</i> accounted for 70.3% of all <i>Aspergillus</i> isolates; most originated from Europe (43.9%) and North America (35.2%). Region and clinical specialty differed significantly across the three study periods (both <i>p</i> < 0.0001), while species, age, sex and specimen-source distributions remained stable (<i>p</i> > 0.10). Voriconazole susceptibility in <i>A. fumigatus</i> declined from 97.9% (2010) to 90.4% (2020), with a significant linear downward trend (Cochran-Armitage Z = -3.03, <i>p</i> = 0.002). This decline was statistically robust, but the concurrent shift in participating regions and specialties indicates that compositional changes in surveillance sampling should be considered alongside biological resistance emergence when interpreting multicenter antifungal surveillance trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Twig Canker and Shoot Blight of Almond Caused by <i>Diaporthe amygdali</i>: Efficacy of Chemical Fungicides and Biological Control Agents.","authors":"Carolina Francia, Josep Armengol, Antonio Ramón, Mónica Berbegal","doi":"10.3390/jof12090700","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof12090700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the in vitro and <i>in planta</i> efficacy of six chemical fungicides (boscalid, captan, copper oxychloride, difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, and potassium hydrogen carbonate) and two biological control agents (<i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> subsp. <i>plantarum</i> D747 and <i>Trichoderma atroviride</i> strain SC1) against <i>Diaporthe amygdali</i>, the causal agent of twig canker and shoot blight disease of almond. In vitro assays demonstrated that <i>D. amygdali</i> is highly sensitive to captan, difenoconazole, and pyraclostrobin. Regarding biological products, dual antagonism assays showed high efficacy for <i>T. atroviride</i>. Subsequently, the pre- and post-infection activity of all products was assessed on one-year-old almond plants. Efficacy varied significantly depending on the timing of application. <i>Trichoderma atroviride</i> was effective at all application times, achieving mean percent disease control (MPDC) values of 100% when applied preventively. Pre-infection applications of difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin resulted in 100% MPDC. However, their efficacy progressively decreased when applied post-infection. <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> and captan showed variable results, reaching a maximum of 73% and 87% MPDC, respectively, when applied before inoculation. In contrast, boscalid, copper oxychloride, and potassium hydrogen carbonate exhibited very low MPDC values, regardless of application timing. These findings provide valuable information for improving management strategies against <i>D. amygdali</i> in almond orchards.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}