Journal of Fungi最新文献

{"title":"Pulcherrimin and Beyond: The Multifaceted Role of <i>Metschnikowia pulcherrima</i> in Postharvest Disease Management-A Scoping Review.","authors":"Juliana Pereira Rodrigues Belas, Caroline Corrêa de Souza Coelho, Leda Maria Fortes Gottschalk, Elisa d'Avila Costa Cavalcanti, Denise Maria Guimarães Freire, Otniel Freitas Silva","doi":"10.3390/jof12040298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof12040298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables are a global problem that directly affect food security, the economy, and the environment. These losses are mainly associated with fungal diseases during storage. Due to the limitations of synthetic fungicides, including the development of resistance and risks to human health, there is growing interest in sustainable disease control strategies. This scoping review analyzes the potential of the yeast <i>Metschnikowia pulcherrima</i> as a biocontrol agent for postharvest phytopathogens, based on the scientific literature published between 2014 and 2026. The reviewed studies identify several antagonistic mechanisms, including competition for nutrients and space, the production of organic volatile compounds, hydrolytic enzyme activity, biofilm formation, and the induction of resistance in fruits. In vitro and in vivo assays show that <i>M. pulcherrima</i> effectively reduces postharvest disease incidence and severity caused by certain fungi. Furthermore, its synergistic effect when combined with emerging technologies is notable. The results highlight its potential as a sustainable alternative to synthetic fungicides, although further studies are needed for large-scale commercial application.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Following Recent Invasive Mold Disease in Pediatric Patients.","authors":"Kevin Martínez Pérez, Daniela Torres-Hernández, Nathalia Sanclemente, Oscar Ramirez, Andrés Portilla, Jorge Buitrago, Eduardo López-Medina","doi":"10.3390/jof12040297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof12040297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A history of invasive mold disease (IMD) often delays or contraindicates allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in children. Given the limited data on pediatric patients with pre-allo-HSCT IMD, we aimed to describe the management and clinical outcomes of a cohort of children with IMD prior to allo-HSCT through day +100 post-transplantation. Between 2021 and 2024, ten pediatric patients were identified with proven or probable IMD. Their median age was 8.5 years. The most common pathogens were <i>Aspergillus</i> (n = 5) and <i>Fusarium</i> (n = 4). Infections most frequently involved the lungs followed by paranasal sinuses, bloodstream, liver, and skin. All patients demonstrated clinical improvement before transplantation, and by day +100 post-HSCT, no IMD relapses or infection-related mortality were observed. These findings suggest that complete radiologic or clinical resolution is not a prerequisite for proceeding with transplantation. Recent IMD should not be considered an absolute contraindication to urgent allo-HSCT when clinical improvement is evident, as transplantation facilitates immune reconstitution necessary for definitive infection control.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ndt80 Orchestrates Copper Stress Responses and Mitochondrial Homeostasis in <i>Candida albicans</i>.","authors":"Hsuan-Yu Chen, Hsiu-Jung Lo, Chi-Jan Lin, Chung-Yu Lan","doi":"10.3390/jof12040294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof12040294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Copper is a crucial cofactor that sustains multiple cellular electron-transfer reactions, making it an essential element for life. However, cytotoxic levels of copper can cause structural damage and cell death through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nonspecific attacks on proteins. Moreover, immune cells, including neutrophils and macrophages, accumulate copper to induce oxidative bursts that kill engulfed pathogens. Therefore, a well-regulated copper homeostasis system is required for the human commensal fungus <i>Candida albicans</i> to thrive in extreme host environments. Remarkably, <i>C. albicans</i> exhibits higher copper tolerance than the nonpathogenic model yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, suggesting the presence of a specific copper tolerance mechanism that supports its adaptability to copper stress. Ndt80 is a versatile transcription factor that regulates several biological processes in <i>C. albicans</i>, ranging from morphological control to drug resistance. This study further reveals that Ndt80 may contribute to copper tolerance by regulating copper transporters and copper-dependent superoxide dismutases (Sods). Additionally, RNA sequencing and complementary approaches uncovered the involvement of Ndt80 in plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial respiration under copper stress, further linking Ndt80 to copper tolerance. Together, these results broaden our understanding of Ndt80 functions and provide new insights into copper tolerance in <i>C. albicans</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duration of Antifungal Therapy in Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis Patients: A Real-World Treatment Utilization Study.","authors":"Craig I Coleman, Belinda Lovelace, Mark Bresnik","doi":"10.3390/jof12040293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof12040293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Disseminated coccidioidomycosis (DCM) often requires prolonged antifungal therapy (AFT). Real-world data on AFT duration in DCM are limited. We evaluated time to AFT discontinuation among patients with DCM in the United States clinical practice. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective, longitudinal study used STATinMED data (2016-2024). Patients had ≥1 International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code for DCM (B38.3, B38.4, B38.7, B38.81) during January 2017-December 2023, ≥1 claim for a triazole or amphotericin B within 21 days of the DCM diagnosis (index date), and continuous medical/pharmacy coverage during the 6-month baseline period. Discontinuation was defined as a ≥21-day gap without AFT. Antifungal agent/formulation switches were not considered discontinuations unless accompanied by a qualifying gap. The Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate time to discontinuation. <b>Results:</b> We identified 991 patients with DCM. Median age was 52 years (IQR 36, 65); 60.0% were men. Most resided in California (42.8%) or Arizona (33.6%). Initial AFT consisted predominantly of triazoles (96.8%), primarily fluconazole (83.2%). Discontinuation occurred in 27.6%, 40.0%, 54.2%, and 68.0% of patients by 3, 6, 12, and 36 months. Median AFT duration was 9.9 months. <b>Conclusions:</b> In a large US claims cohort, there was substantial variability in AFT duration in routine practice. Many patients had AFT durations under the lower limit of guideline recommendations for DCM, suggesting potential under-treatment, though appropriate clinical justifications may have existed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Antifungal Pyridine Alkaloids from Endophytic Fungus <i>Penicillium citrinum</i> VDL118.","authors":"Mei Yang, Shan Hu, Zhi-Yu Zhang, Fa-Zhong Yang, Xiao-Qin Yang, Si-Da Xie, Ying-Jun Zhang, Ping Zhao, Guo-Lei Zhu","doi":"10.3390/jof12040296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof12040296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three novel alkaloids, penicitrioids A-C (<b>1</b>-<b>3</b>), and two known compounds (<b>4</b>-<b>5</b>) were isolated from the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of the solid fermentation of <i>Penicillium citrinum</i> VDL118, an endophytic fungus harbored in the leaves of <i>Vaccinium dunalianum</i> Wight (Ericaceae), a perennial evergreen shrub native to the southwestern regions of China, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> are novel pyridine alkaloids characterized by an unprecedented dihydrofuro[3,4-c]pyridine core, while <b>3</b> features a distinct pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine framework. Their structures were unambiguously established by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. In vitro antifungal assays revealed that compounds <b>1</b>-<b>5</b> exhibited moderate to potent inhibitory effects against five tested phytopathogenic fungi, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 3.1 to 100 μg/mL. Notably, four of them (<b>1</b>-<b>4</b>) displayed broad-spectrum and potent activity against <i>Gloeophyllum trabeum</i>, <i>Coriolus versicolor</i>, <i>Fusarium solani</i>, and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, with MIC values as low as 3.1-12.5 μg/mL. Furthermore, a plausible biosynthetic pathway for compounds <b>1</b>-<b>3</b> was proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioremediation Potential of Leaf Endophytic Fungi in <i>Allium ampeloprasum</i> and <i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>capitata</i>.","authors":"Dayani Pavalakumar, Sagarika Kannangara, Nadeema Dharmasiri, Chamani Amarasekara, Lanka Undugoda, Kasun M Thambugala, Jayantha Munasinghe, Sukanya Haituk, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon","doi":"10.3390/jof12040295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof12040295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic air pollutants mainly released through vehicular emissions and can accumulate on edible plants, posing health risks to humans. This study aimed to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from <i>Allium ampeloprasum</i> and <i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>capitata</i>, which are widely cultivated along roadside areas in the upcountry region of Sri Lanka. Sampling sites included Nuwara Eliya town, Nanu Oya, St. Clair's, and Meepilimana (control), where above-ground parts of the selected vegetables were collected in six replicates. Fungal isolates were obtained through surface sterilization, and their ability to degrade PAHs (naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene) was evaluated using plate assays, spectrophotometric analysis, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Phyllosphere PAH concentrations were also measured using HPLC. It revealed significantly higher concentrations of all four PAHs in the phyllosphere of both vegetables at polluted sites, with the highest levels recorded in <i>A. ampeloprasum</i> from Nuwara Eliya town: naphthalene (145.92 ng/g), phenanthrene (97.67 ng/g), anthracene (88.71 ng/g), and pyrene (63.82 ng/g). Most endophytic fungal strains isolated from both vegetables were able to grow on Bacto Bushnell-Haas (BBH) medium supplemented with PAHs, producing colonies exceeding 20 mm in diameter. Spectrophotometric analysis showed that <i>Fusarium liriodendri</i> SP2 (PV400499.1) and <i>Trichoderma atroviride</i> SP1 (PV400486.1) achieved approximately 75% degradation of selected PAHs. Furthermore, HPLC analysis confirmed that these isolates effectively degraded all tested PAHs, with degradation rates of approximately 70%. <i>F. liriodendri</i> was the most efficient degrader, achieving degradation rates of 68.50 ± 2.34% for naphthalene, 65.26 ± 1.21% for phenanthrene, 69.21 ± 1.45% for pyrene, and 66.89 ± 1.98% for anthracene. The PAH degradation byproducts of the selected fungal isolates were non-toxic to <i>Artemia salina</i>, confirming their environmental safety. These results highlight the bioremediation potential of endophytic fungi isolated from <i>A. ampeloprasum</i> and <i>B. oleracea</i> var. <i>capitata</i> in PAH-contaminated environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Biocontrol and Plant Growth-Promoting Effects of <i>Trichoderma nordicum</i> V1 Against Oomycete Plant Pathogens.","authors":"Songrong Li, Xian Wen, Siqiao Chen, Yishen Zhao, Jinhao Chen, Wanrong Li, Yajuan Chen, Mingyue Ding, Siqi Jiang, Wilfred Mabeche Anjago, Dongmei Zhou, Feng M Cai, Irina S Druzhinina, Min Jiu, Lihui Wei, Paul Daly","doi":"10.3390/jof12040292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof12040292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The potential of <i>Trichoderma nordicum</i> (<i>Hypocreales</i>, <i>Ascomycota</i>), a recently described species, for antagonism and use in the biocontrol of oomycete-caused plant diseases is unknown. <i>Trichoderma</i> is a well-known genus for containing microbial antagonists and biocontrol agents. The <i>T. nordicum</i> in this study was isolated from decomposing wood, and <i>rpb2</i> and <i>tef1</i> barcode sequencing demonstrated that the isolates were a match to the reference <i>T. nordicum</i> and <i>T. nigricans</i> strains. Since <i>T. nordicum</i> was described before <i>T. nigricans</i>, the isolates were assigned to <i>T. nordicum</i>, although taxonomic uncertainty between these species requires future clarification. In dual-culture confrontation assays, <i>T. nordicum</i> overgrew five economically important oomycete plant pathogens (<i>Phytophthora capsici</i>, <i>P. sojae</i>, <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, <i>P. myriotylum</i>, and <i>Globisporangium ultimum</i>). The inability to recover viable <i>P. aphanidermatum</i> and <i>P. capsici</i> from the parts of the plate overgrown by <i>T. nordicum</i>, coupled with protease and endo-cellulase activities, correlates with <i>T. nordicum</i> having antagonistic abilities. Inoculation with <i>T. nordicum</i> preventively reduced the levels of cucumber seedling damping-off caused by <i>P. aphanidermatum</i> by up to 70%. The <i>T. nordicum</i> biocontrol effects against pepper blight caused by <i>P. capsici</i> were greater than 80%, compared to an autoclaved <i>T. nordicum</i> spore control. <i>T. nordicum</i> could also significantly promote the growth of pepper, with plant weight increased by up to 40%, compared to an autoclaved-spore control. In contrast, <i>T. nordicum</i> could not be used to control <i>Pythium</i> soft rot of ginger caused by <i>P. myriotylum</i>, even though <i>P. myriotylum</i> was overgrown by <i>T. nordicum</i>, suggesting host- or pathosystem-specific factors influence biocontrol efficacy. In summary, <i>T. nordicum</i> is a promising biocontrol agent for use in the control of pepper blight caused by <i>P. capsici</i>, and also has potential for use in the control of other oomycete-caused plant diseases in vegetable production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic <i>Fusarium commune</i> G3-29-Mediated dsRNA Delivery for Efficient Control of Western Flower Thrips.","authors":"Xueyuan Sheng, Yanfei Wang, Chang Chen, Chao Ma, Shuangchao Wang, Endong Wang, Yan Zhao, Lihua Guo","doi":"10.3390/jof12040291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof12040291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA interference (RNAi) provides a sequence-specific strategy for pest management, but efficient and stable double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery remains a key challenge. Here, we established a plant-probiotic-based gene silencing system using the endophytic fungus <i>Fusarium commune</i> G3-29 as a dsRNA delivery vector against western flower thrips (WFTs, <i>Frankliniella occidentalis</i>). Recombinant G3-29 strains expressing dsRNA targeting the essential WFT genes <i>ACT</i> and <i>SNF</i> were constructed and confirmed to colonize kidney bean leaves without pathogenicity. Bioassays showed that feeding on leaves colonized by dsRNA-expressing G3-29 significantly decreased survival and downregulated target gene expression in both WFT larvae and adults. Within 4 days, survival of both larvae and adults fell below 10%. In larvae, target gene expression decreased by 63% (<i>ACT</i>) and 33% (<i>SNF</i>), while in adults, reductions of 74% (<i>ACT</i>) and 65% (<i>SNF</i>) were observed. In contrast, in vitro-synthesized dsRNA failed to induce significant gene silencing or mortality in larvae, and its control efficacy against adults was also inferior to that of endophytic fungus-mediated dsRNA delivery. Our findings establish endophytic fungus <i>F. commune</i> G3-29 as an effective and sustainable dsRNA delivery vehicle for RNAi-based pest control, offering distinct advantages over existing strategies such as HIGS and SIGS. This approach provides a promising new direction for managing WFTs and other insect pests.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Step Engineering of Food-Grade <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> via Endogenous Signal Peptides and Vesicle Trafficking Proteins to Enhance Carrier-Free Protein Secretion.","authors":"Sarocha Panchanawaporn, Nakul Rattanaphan, Sukanya Jeennor, Jutamas Anantayanon, Weerapong Woraprayote, Laphaslada Pumpuang, Thipphiya Karirat, Nuttamon Prompakdee, Kobkul Laoteng, Chanikul Chutrakul","doi":"10.3390/jof12040289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof12040289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heterologous protein secretion in filamentous fungi is often constrained by limitations in signal peptide recognition and intracellular trafficking. <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i>, a food-grade industrial fungus, has a robust native secretory system. However, its capacity for recombinant protein secretion remains suboptimal. Here, we developed a two-step, carrier-free engineering strategy to enhance protein secretion in <i>A. oryzae</i>. We identified endogenous signal peptides among highly secreted proteins using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter. The oryzin signal peptide SPAoalp1 increased GFP secretion 5.50-fold compared with a no-signal-peptide control. We co-overexpressed <i>Aosly1</i>, a Sec1/Munc18 family protein that regulates soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor-mediated vesicle trafficking, which, in combination with <i>SPAoalp1</i>, increased secretion approximately two-fold compared with SPAlp1 control and ten-fold with no-SP control. Applying the engineered platform for genetic improvement of heterologous bovine κ-casein increased secretion from 0.11 to 0.24 mg/L. Physiological optimization further increased secretion. The developed system provided initial evidence for secretion of a ~12 kDa band consistent with <i>Aopafb</i> transcription, with MIC₉₀ values of 4.56-8.24% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) against two <i>Candida albicans</i> strains and 4.68% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) against <i>Aspergillus niger</i>. The system offers a modular framework for engineering fungal secretion and expands the utility of <i>A. oryzae</i> for recombinant protein production.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype-Phenotype Relationships in Azole-Resistant <i>Aspergillus</i>: Two Sides of the Same Coin.","authors":"Merlijn H I van Haren, Willem J G Melchers, Jianhua Zhang, Sarah Dellière, Christine C Bii, Felicia A Stanford, Michael Voetz, P Lewis White, Paul S Dyer, Suzan D Pas, Paul E Verweij, Jochem B Buil","doi":"10.3390/jof12040290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof12040290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> is a leading cause of invasive fungal disease in humans and is classified as a critical priority threat by the World Health Organization. Triazole antifungals remain the cornerstone of therapy, yet their effectiveness is steadily being eroded by the continuous rise in drug resistance. Most resistance mechanisms trace back to mutations in Cyp51A, spawning well-defined genotypes such as TR₃₄/L98H and TR₄₆/Y121F/T289A. However, the Cyp51A genotype-phenotype landscape in <i>A. fumigatus</i> is far from straightforward. Isolates that share an identical TR genotype can display strikingly divergent susceptibility profiles, and mutational hotspots in Cyp51A, such as G54, M220 and G448, are linked to varying resistances, challenging assumptions about predictable resistance behavior. Complicating matters further, an expanding array of resistance mechanisms, independent of Cyp51A, is now being uncovered. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on azole resistance in <i>A. fumigatus</i>, dissecting the intricate genotype-phenotype relationships, spotlighting emerging non-Cyp51A pathways and outlining future strategies to enhance the detection and clinical management of antifungal resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}