Journal of Fungi最新文献

{"title":"The Antifungal Activity of a Polygalacturonic and Caprylic Acid Ointment in an In Vitro, Three-Dimensional Wound Biofilm Model.","authors":"Bahgat Z Gerges, Joel Rosenblatt, Y-Lan Truong, Ying Jiang, Issam I Raad","doi":"10.3390/jof11030178","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Candida</i> colonization and biofilms are significant contributors to impaired wound healing. Consequently, improved treatments are needed to eradicate <i>Candida</i> biofilms in wounds. Wounds present complex biofilm extracellular matrix environments, with microbial cells frequently enmeshed in matrices comprising wound exudate macromolecular gels. We evaluated the ability of a polygalacturonic and caprylic acid (PG + CAP) ointment to eradicate <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>C. parapsilosis</i>, <i>C. glabrata</i>, <i>C. tropicalis</i>, and <i>C. auris</i> biofilms in a fibrin gel wound biofilm model of the complex wound biofilm environment. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a disinfecting antimicrobial agent that is widely used as wound irrigant, and this was used as a comparator. A single treatment with PG + CAP reduced the number of viable organisms in the <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. glabrata</i> biofilms by over 5 log₁₀, in the <i>C. parapsilosis</i> and <i>C. auris</i> biofilms by over 4 log₁₀, and in the <i>C. tropicalis</i> biofilm by 3.85 log₁₀. PG + CAP was superior (<i>p</i> < 0.01) to HOCl in eradicating all <i>Candida</i> species biofilms, except for <i>C. auris</i>, for which both treatments fully eradicated all viable organisms. The use of HOCl in <i>Candida</i>-colonized wounds should include consideration of the extracellular matrix load in the wound bed. PG + CAP warrants further study in wounds compromised by <i>Candida</i> biofilms.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional Regulation Mechanisms in Adaptively Evolved <i>Pichia kudriavzevii</i> Under Acetic Acid Stress.","authors":"Sureeporn Dolpatcha, Huynh Xuan Phong, Sudarat Thanonkeo, Preekamol Klanrit, Nongluck Boonchot, Mamoru Yamada, Pornthap Thanonkeo","doi":"10.3390/jof11030177","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acetic acid, a common weak acid in industrial fermentation processes, occurs naturally in lignocellulosic hydrolysates and is a byproduct of microbial metabolism. As a significant environmental stressor, it triggers the expression of multiple genes involved in various cellular responses, including biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Using the acid-tolerant strain <i>Pichia kudriavzevii</i> PkAC-9, developed through adaptive laboratory evolution under acetic acid stress, we conducted a transcriptional analysis of 70 stress response-associated genes. RT-qPCR analysis revealed significant upregulation of several genes compared with the wild-type strain under acetic acid stress conditions. The most dramatic changes occurred in genes encoding key metabolic enzymes and stress response proteins associated with the TCA cycle (Fum: 18.6-fold, Aco: 17.1-fold, Oxo: 9.0-fold), carbon and energy metabolism (Tdh2: 28.0-fold, Erg2: 2.0-fold), electron transport chain (Gst: 10.6-fold), molecular chaperones (Hsp104: 26.9-fold, Hsp70: 13.0-fold, Sgt2: 10.0-fold), and transcriptional activators. Our findings indicate that the enhanced acetic acid tolerance of <i>P. kudriavzevii</i> PkAC-9 primarily depends on the coordinated upregulation of genes involved in energy metabolism, cellular detoxification mechanisms, and protein quality control systems through heat shock and transcriptional activator proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mr-lac3 and Mr-lcc2 in <i>Metarhizium robertsii</i> Regulate Conidiation and Maturation, Enhancing Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses and Pathogenicity.","authors":"Qiaoyun Wu, Yingying Ye, Yiran Liu, Yufan He, Xing Li, Siqi Yang, Tongtong Xu, Xiufang Hu, Guohong Zeng","doi":"10.3390/jof11030176","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a type of multicopper oxidase, laccases play multiple biological roles in entomopathogenic fungi, enhancing their survival, development, and pathogenicity. However, the mechanisms by which laccases operate in these fungi remain under-researched. In this study, we identified two laccase-encoding genes, <i>Mr-lac3</i> and <i>Mr-lcc2</i>, from <i>Metarhizium robertsii</i>, both of which are highly expressed during conidiation. Knocking out <i>Mr-lac3</i> and <i>Mr-lcc2</i> resulted in a significant increase in the conidial yields of <i>M. robertsii</i>. Furthermore, the relative expression levels of upstream regulators associated with the conidiation pathway were markedly up-regulated in <i>ΔMr-lac3</i> and <i>ΔMr-lcc2</i> compared to the wild-type strain during conidiation, indicating that <i>Mr-lac3</i> and <i>Mr-lcc2</i> negatively regulate conidia formation. qRT-PCR analyses revealed that <i>Mr-lac3</i> and <i>Mr-lcc2</i> are regulated by the pigment synthesis gene cluster, including <i>Mr-Pks1</i>, <i>Mr-EthD</i>, and <i>Mlac1</i>, and they also provide feedback regulation to jointly control pigment synthesis. Additionally, <i>ΔMr-lac3</i> and <i>ΔMr-lcc2</i> significantly reduced the trehalose content in conidia and increased the sensitivity to cell wall-perturbing agents, such as Congo red and guaiacol, which led to a marked decrease in tolerance to abiotic stresses. In conclusion, the laccases Mr-lac3 and Mr-lcc2 negatively regulate conidia formation while positively regulating conidial maturation, thereby enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses and pathogenicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and Patulin Production of <i>Penicillium</i> spp. Associated with Apple Blue Mold in Serbia.","authors":"Tatjana Dudaš, Pietro Cotugno, Dragana Budakov, Mila Grahovac, Vera Stojšin, Milica Mihajlović, Antonio Ippolito, Simona Marianna Sanzani","doi":"10.3390/jof11030175","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apple blue mold, caused by the <i>Penicillium</i> species, is a significant postharvest disease, leading to food loss and impacting food safety due to mycotoxin contamination. This study aimed to identify the <i>Penicillium</i> species associated with apple blue mold in Serbia, assess their pathogenicity, and evaluate their patulin production potential. A total of 70 <i>Penicillium</i> isolates were collected from symptomatic apple fruit and identified as <i>P. expansum</i> (92.9%), <i>P. crustosum</i> (4.3%), <i>P. solitum</i> (1.4%), and <i>P. chrysogenum</i> (1.4%). The pathogenicity assay revealed <i>P. expansum</i> strains as the most virulent. Molecular detection of <i>msas</i> gene and HPLC analysis confirmed patulin production exclusively in <i>P. expansum</i> isolates. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) grouped <i>P. expansum</i> strains in two distinctive clusters, while <i>P. crustosum</i> strains clustered separately with <i>P. solitum</i> and <i>P. chrysogenum</i>, yet in distinct positions. This is the first report of <i>P. solitum</i> and <i>P. chrysogenum</i> as causal agents of apple blue mold in Serbia. The results of the study provide insights that might be useful in the development of effective control strategies for apple blue mold, ensuring consumption of healthy and safe apple fruit and apple-based products.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Trichoderma</i> Species from Semiarid Regions and Their Antagonism Against the Microorganisms That Cause Pepper Wilt.","authors":"Erika Sireni Rodríguez-Martínez, Claudio Rios-Velasco, David Roberto Sepúlveda-Ahumada, José Juan Buenrostro-Figueroa, Kamila C Correia, César Guigón-López, Mónica Alvarado-González","doi":"10.3390/jof11030174","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chili wilt is a significant challenge in producing jalapeño peppers, which has led to the implementation of strategies to help counteract or combat the microorganisms responsible for it. One of these strategies is the use of biological control microorganisms, such as <i>Trichoderma</i>, a fungus recognized as a natural enemy of the microorganisms that cause chili wilt. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and identify <i>Trichoderma</i> species from the soils and roots of different plants, and evaluate their antagonism against <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, <i>Phytophthora capsici</i>, and <i>Fusarium</i> sp. Due to the complexity in identifying <i>Trichoderma</i> at the species level, performing a multilocus phylogenetic analysis was necessary, using the ITS, RPB2, and TEF1 regions. The species isolated were <i>T. afroharzianum</i>, <i>T. lentiforme</i>, <i>T. rifaii</i>, <i>T. brevicompactum</i>, <i>T. arundinaceum</i>, and <i>T. longibrachiatum</i>. Subsequently, they were used in three antagonism tests (dual culture, non-volatile organic compounds, and volatile organic compounds) against the phytopathogenic microorganisms. The tests demonstrated that the <i>Trichoderma</i> isolates could inhibit the mycelial growth of all three tested pathogens, obtaining the best results with the strains <i>T. brevicompactum</i> (19RCS), <i>T. lentiforme</i> (63DPS), <i>T. longibrachiatum</i> (71JES), <i>T. rifaii</i> (77JCR), and <i>T. afroharzianum</i> (24RQS, 87CCS, 88CCS and 17RCS). The strain with the best results in all three tests was 17RCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molluscicidal Screening of <i>Hypocreales</i> Fungi from a Brazilian Cerrado Cave Against <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> Snails.","authors":"Dominnyke Slater Santos Neves, Cyntia Ayumi Yokota Harayashiki, Pedro Henrique Félix de Oliveira, Thiago Lopes Rocha, Jadson Diogo Pereira Bezerra","doi":"10.3390/jof11030173","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungi play vital roles in ecosystems through parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. Additionally, they are widely used in industry as bioactive compound producers and biological control agents. <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> is a freshwater snail often controlled with chemical molluscicides. However, developing effective alternatives to these chemical treatments is essential. This study evaluated the molluscicidal potential of culture supernatant from <i>Hypocreales</i> fungi isolated from a cave in the Brazilian Cerrado against the <i>B</i>. <i>glabrata</i>. The isolates were identified based on morphological features and ITS rDNA sequences. Fifteen filtrates of <i>Hypocreales</i> fungi were obtained and tested both pure and in different dilutions (10% and 50%) against newly hatched snails during 96 h of exposure. The fungal isolates were identified as belonging to the genera of <i>Clonostachys</i> (1), <i>Cylindrocladiella</i> (1), <i>Fusarium</i> (1), <i>Gliocladiopsis</i> (1), <i>Keithomyces</i> (1), <i>Marquandomyces</i> (1), <i>Ovicillium</i> (1), <i>Pochonia</i> (1), <i>Purpureocillium</i> (1), <i>Sarcopodium</i> (1), <i>Sarocladium</i> (1), <i>Trichoderma</i> (3), and <i>Volutella</i> (1). The results showed 93.33% (14) of the fungal filtrates induced significant mortality, indicating their molluscicidal activity, with <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> FCCUFG 100 and <i>Volutella aeria</i> FCCUFG 107 causing 100% mortality in all dilutions. These results reveal the potential of <i>Hypocreales</i> fungi from a Brazilian Cerrado cave as a promising approach for snail control.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report on the Artificial Cultivation Techniques of <i>Buchwaldoboletus xylophilus</i> (Boletales, Boletaceae, <i>Buchwaldoboletus</i>) in Southwest China.","authors":"Tianwei Yang, Hongjun Mu, Liming Dai, Jing Liu, Xinjing Xu, Feng Gao, Yiwei Fang, Sipeng Jian, Mingxia He, Chunxia Zhang","doi":"10.3390/jof11030172","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Buchwaldoboletus xylophilus</i> is an edible bolete species belonging to the family Boletaceae and the genus <i>Buchwaldoboletus</i>. It is found in tropical and subtropical regions, which are known for their rare wild resources. In this study, wild <i>B. xylophilus</i> was isolated and cultured, and its biological characteristics and artificial cultivation techniques were studied. The results show that the optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, and inorganic salt for the mycelium growth of <i>B. xylophilus</i> were maltose, ammonium tartrate, and magnesium sulfate, respectively. The most appropriate temperature was 28 °C, and the pH value was between 5 and 6. The most effective combination was determined via orthogonal experimentation, as follows: dextrose, ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 28 °C. The results of artificial cultivation in mushroom houses show that the mycelium of <i>B. xylophilus</i> was strong and grew well on the culture medium. The mycelial growth rate was 4.54 mm/d, and the fungus bags were filled about 50 days after inoculation. The primordia formed 9 to 14 days after covering with soil and the fruiting body matured in 6~8 days. The average yield of fresh mushrooms reached 131.07 ± 29.38 g/bag, and the average biological efficiency reached 28.48 ± 6.39%. In this study, artificial cultivation technology in respect of <i>B. xylophilus</i> in mushroom houses is reported for the first time. The fruiting bodies obtained through cultivation were identified using morphological and molecular biological methods. This technology offers benefits such as affordability, a brief cultivation cycle, substantial yields, and superior quality, making it ideal for industrial-scale and extensive cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis of a Novel Diketopiperazine Aspkyncin Incorporating a Kynurenine Unit from <i>Aspergillus aculeatus</i>.","authors":"Dekun Kong, Xin Wang, Li Liu","doi":"10.3390/jof11030171","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The simplest cyclo-peptides, also known as diketopiperazines (DKPs), are widespread in nature. The growing interest in these simplest cyclo-peptides is driven by their significant potential for therapeutic applications. In this study, we identified a biosynthetic gene cluster from <i>Aspergillus aculeatus</i> CRI323-04 through genome mining and heterologous expression in <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i>. The two core genes, <i>aacA</i> and <i>aacB</i>, within the gene cluster were characterized for their role in the biossoynthesis of aspkyncin, a novel DKP compound that incorporates a l-kynurenine (l-Kyn) unit. Furthermore, we successfully reconstituted the activities of the minimal bimodular non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) AacA and the methyltransferase AacB both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that AacA catalyzes the condensation and cyclization of two non-proteinogenic amino acids, l-Kyn and <i>N</i>-methyl-l-alanine, to produce aspkyncin without the involvement of any release domain. Notably, the <i>N</i>-methyl-l-alanine is generated by a specialized l-alanine <i>N</i>-methyltransferase AacB prior to NRP assembly. This study reveals an unconventional pathway for the biosynthesis of fungal DKPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assembly Mechanisms and Functional Adaptations of Soil Fungal Communities of Different Plant Rhizospheres in Ilmenite Mining Area.","authors":"Sumin Chen, Bingliang Liu, Yunfeng Zhang, Lianxin Peng, Liang Zou, Jie Cheng, Qiang Li","doi":"10.3390/jof11030165","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the mechanisms of structural assembly and functional adaptations of fungal communities in the rhizosphere soils of seven different plants grown in the ilmenite zone. We analyzed changes in the rhizosphere soil fungal communities using ITS sequencing. The results revealed that different plants affected the properties of the rhizosphere soil. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, and total potassium in the rhizosphere soil exhibited significant variations compared to the soil that was not occupied by plants. Soil fungal composition analysis revealed that <i>Ascomycota</i> and <i>Basidiomycota</i> were the dominant phyla in the soil of this mining area. At the genus level, compared to the mineral soil without plants, the proportion of <i>Epicoccum</i> increased in the rhizosphere soils of different plants, while the proportion of <i>Fusarium</i> decreased. Alpha diversity studies revealed that fungal diversity in the rhizospheres of different plants changed significantly. Beta diversity studies showed a significant differentiation in the fungal community structure of different plant rhizosphere soils compared to the KB group. The FunGuild predictions indicated that different plant rhizosphere soils are enriched with different guilds and trophic patterns of fungi. In addition, we found that soil physical and chemical properties were significantly correlated with the abundance and diversity of fungal communities. The above results indicate that plant species and soil physicochemical properties are important factors influencing the assembly of soil fungal communities in the rhizosphere. This research provides insights into the assembly mechanisms and functional adaptations of fungal community structures in the rhizosphere soils of seven plant species in ilmenite iron mining areas. This helps us to screen plant and fungal community assemblages that can promote soil restoration in ilmenite mining areas and provide a theoretical basis for future ecological restoration in ilmenite areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Rhizosphere Microbiomes Between Domesticated and Wild Wheat in a Typical Agricultural Field: Insights into Microbial Community Structure and Functional Shifts.","authors":"Jie Fang, Mihal Blaschkauer, Assaf Distelfeld, Zihao Liu, Bin Song, Shimon Rachmilevitch, Jonathan M Adams","doi":"10.3390/jof11030168","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While the differences between domesticated crops and their wild relatives have been extensively studied, less is known about their rhizosphere microbiomes, which hold potential for breeding stress-resistant traits. We compared the rhizosphere microbiomes of domesticated wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) and its wild ancestor (<i>Triticum turgidum</i> ssp. <i>dicoccoides</i>) in a typical agricultural field using 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequencing. Our results revealed a high level of conservation in the rhizosphere microbiomes between wild and domesticated wheat, with minimal divergence in community composition and microbial network structure. However, domesticated wheat exhibited a higher prevalence of fungal pathogens and increased functional redundancy, with significant enrichment of genes involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling. The microbial community assemblies in both wheats were predominantly governed by deterministic processes. This suggests that long-term conventional agricultural practices have imposed minor effects on the compositional differences between the microbiomes of wild and domesticated wheat. Nonetheless, the lower abundance of apparent pathogens in the rhizosphere of the wild wheat suggests greater natural biota or innate host plant resistance against pathogenic fungi. This study may provide valuable insights into the host selection, assembly patterns, and functional potential of microbial communities in wild versus domesticated wheat, with implications for manipulating microbial communities in future crop breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}