Journal of Fungi最新文献

{"title":"Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Patient from Southern Arizona.","authors":"Monique Crawford, Troy Weinstein, Alexis Elliott, Robert Klein, Michael Lee, Conner Reynolds, Talha Riaz","doi":"10.3390/jof10110756","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this review, we present a case report of an immunocompetent 58-year-old male who presented with disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) outside of the known endemic regions. Due to his atypical clinical presentation that did not fit the classical clinical picture of DH, the diagnosis was delayed. In addition, we researched DH in the immunocompetent hosts as these cases are not common and leave the patient population vulnerable to delayed diagnosis. The literature supports considering histoplasmosis in the differential diagnosis among patients who present with possible exposures outside of endemic regions and are immunocompetent.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effector-Mediated Suppression of Programmed Cell Death by <i>Phytophthora palmivora</i> in Oil Palm.","authors":"María Camila Rodríguez-Cruz, Carmenza Montoya, Iván Ayala-Diaz, Leonardo Araque, Hernán Mauricio Romero","doi":"10.3390/jof10110750","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Phytophthora palmivora</i> is the pathogen causing bud rot in oil palm <i>(Elaeis guineensis</i>). This pathogen secretes effector proteins that manipulate host defenses, contributing to disease progression. In this study, we systematically investigated the role of specific effector proteins in suppressing programmed cell death (PCD) in oil palm leaflets. Our approach included using genomic and transcriptomic data from a Colombian <i>P. palmivora</i> isolate alongside the coexpression network of a substantial effector dataset. From this analysis, ten candidate effectors were selected, characterized, and evaluated for their ability to suppress PCD in oil palm leaflets through transient expression via biolistics. Several effectors exhibited significant anti-PCD activity in susceptible and less susceptible oil palm genotypes. Notably, the effectors Avr3F (689), RxLR (1540), and RxLR (1546) demonstrated suppression of PCD in both genotypes, while the other effectors played variable roles in PCD regulation. Phylogenetic analysis further identified distinct clades among the effectors, possibly associated with their functional activities. Additionally, specific motifs, such as RXLR-dEER, K, and Y, appeared to correlate with PCD suppression. This research enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between <i>P. palmivora</i> effectors and oil palm host responses, highlighting these proteins' genotype-specific regulation of PCD. The findings contribute valuable insights into plant-pathogen interactions and offer potential avenues for targeted disease control strategies in the oil palm industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> Fatty Acid Oxygenases PpoA and PpoC on Caspofungin Susceptibility.","authors":"Endrews Delbaje, Patrícia Alves de Castro, Dante G Calise, Niu Mengyao, Maria Augusta Crivelente Horta, Daniel Yuri Akiyama, João Guilherme Pontes, Taícia Fill, Olaf Kniemeyer, Thomas Krüger, Axel A Brakhage, Koon Ho Wong, Nancy P Keller, Gustavo H Goldman","doi":"10.3390/jof10110749","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> can cause invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Fungicidal azoles and fungistatic caspofungin (CAS) are the first- and second-line therapies, respectively, used to treat IPA. Treatment of <i>A. fumigatus</i> with CAS or micafungin induces the production of the oxylipin 5,8-diHODE by the fungal oxygenase PpoA. For this article, we investigated the influence of ppo genes, which encode the fatty acid oxygenases responsible for oxylipin biosynthesis, on CAS tolerance. The influence of PpoA and PpoC on CAS tolerance is mediated by MpkA phosphorylation and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. RNAseq transcriptional profiling and the label-free quantitative proteomics of the ppoA and ppoC mutants showed that differentially expressed genes and proteins are related to secondary metabolites and carbohydrate metabolism. We also characterized two clinical isolates, CM7555 and IFM61407, which decrease and increase susceptibility to CAS, respectively. CM7555 does not exhibit increased oxylipin production in the presence of CAS but oxylipin induction upon CAS exposure is increased in IFM61407, suggesting that oxylipins are not the only mechanism involved in CAS tolerance in these isolates. Upon CAS exposure, CM7555 has higher MpkA phosphorylation and PKA activity than IFM61407. Our results reveal the different aspects and genetic determinants involved in <i>A. fumigatus</i> CAS tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Promotion of Rice and <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> by Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Endophytic <i>Clonostachys</i> Species.","authors":"Hui Chen, Jin Xu, Dengke Shao, Chunfang Zhao, Xiaohong Xu, Xihui Xu, Chen Chen","doi":"10.3390/jof10110754","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-endophytic fungi are widely distributed and highly diverse, with many of them capable of influencing plant growth and development, which is related to the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). While certain fungal VOCs have been found to stimulate plant growth, others exhibit inhibitory effects. Importantly, the impact of fungal VOCs extends beyond host plants to affect non-host plants as well. In this study, we isolated two plant-endophytic fungi, <i>Clonostachys</i> sp. CC1 and <i>Clonostachys</i> sp. CC2, from healthy rice roots. These strains were co-cultured with both rice and <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. Our results demonstrated that both strains significantly enhanced the growth of both rice and <i>A. thaliana</i>. Specifically, they increased the length and biomass of rice and <i>A. thaliana</i> seedlings, as well as the chlorophyll content, while decreasing the H₂O₂ content in the leaves of both plants. The VOCs produced by these strains were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which identified a total of 10 main ingredients. Among these compounds, 1-pentanol, ethylbenzene, and dimethyl phthalate inhibited the growth of rice while promoting the growth of <i>A. thaliana</i>, highlighting the variability in the effects of these compounds on different plant species and the complexity of plant-fungal interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosmarinic Acid Exhibits Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities Against <i>Candida albicans</i>: Insights into Gene Expression and Morphological Changes.","authors":"Merve Aydin, Nurhan Unusan, Esra Sumlu, Emine Nedime Korucu","doi":"10.3390/jof10110751","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Candida</i> species, opportunistic pathogens that cause various infections, pose a significant threat due to their ability to form biofilms that resist antifungal treatments and immune responses. The increasing resistance of <i>Candida</i> spp. and the limited availability of effective treatments have prompted the research of natural compounds as alternative therapies. This study assessed the antifungal properties of RA against <i>Candida</i> species, focusing on its impact on <i>C. albican</i>s biofilms and the underlying mechanisms. The antifungal efficacy of RA was evaluated using the CLSI M27-A3 microdilution method on both fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant strains. Biofilm formation by <i>C. albicans</i> was assessed through a crystal violet assay, while its antibiofilm activity was analyzed using an MTT assay and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Gene expression related to biofilm formation was studied using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and statistical analysis was performed with an ANOVA. Among the 28 <i>Candida</i> strains tested, RA exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 160 to 1280 μg/mL. At a 640 μg/mL concentration, it significantly reduced the expression of genes associated with adhesion (<i>ALS3</i>, <i>HWP1</i>, and <i>ECE1</i>), hyphal development (<i>UME6</i> and <i>HGC1</i>), and hyphal cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulators (<i>CYR1</i>, <i>RAS1</i>, and <i>EFG1</i>) in RAS1-cAMP-EFG1 pathway (<i>p</i> < 0.05). FESEM analysis revealed a reduction in hyphal networks and disruptions on the cell surface. Our study is the first to demonstrate the effects of RA on <i>C. albicans</i> adhesion, hyphae development, and biofilm formation through gene expression analysis with findings supported by FESEM. This approach distinguishes our study from previous studies on the effect of RA on <i>Candida</i>. However, the high MIC values of RA limit its antifungal potential. Therefore, more extensive research using innovative methods is required to increase the antifungal effect of RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal Effect of Oregano Essential Oil Against <i>Penicillium expansum</i> on <i>Pyrus sinkiangensis</i>.","authors":"Qun Liu, Li Li, Zhenyuan Yang, Xiaodi Xiong, Qi Song, Baishu Li, Hang Zou, Lixiang Zhang, Tao Liu","doi":"10.3390/jof10110752","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the increasing demand for fruit safety assurance and environmental protection, plant essential oils have gained significant attention as natural alternatives for control of postharvest decay caused by various pathogens. In postharvest management, it is particularly important to effectively control postharvest decay without compromising the quality attributes of fruits. Although oregano essential oil (OEO) has been extensively studied for its antimicrobial properties against various postharvest pathogens, few studies have focused on its interactions with postharvest fruits. In this study, OEO was applied for management of postharvest decay of <i>Pyrus sinkiangensis</i> caused by <i>Penicillium expansum</i>, and its antifungal mechanisms and impacts on the quality attributes of pears were investigated. The OEO exhibited notable inhibitory effects, with determined MIC (0.02%) and MFC (0.04%) against <i>P. expansum</i>, which highlighted its potential as a viable alternative to synthetic fungicides. Our findings revealed that OEO disrupted <i>P. expansum</i> by compromising the integrity of the fungal plasma membrane, as evidenced by changes in plasma membrane permeability and the leakage of cellular components. The OEO treatment significantly reduced weight loss, maintained firmness, and preserved soluble-solid content in the treated pears. In addition, OEO treatment stimulated the intrinsic antioxidant mechanisms of pears, as demonstrated by elevated activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase during storage. This study provides compelling evidence for the antifungal and quality-preserving properties of OEO in the postharvest management of pears, underscoring its potential as an alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling postharvest decay. The elucidation of the interaction between OEO and <i>P. sinkiangensis</i> would greatly enhance our comprehensive understanding of the biological activities of OEO and facilitate its practical application in the postharvest management of pears.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Follow the Path: Unveiling an Azole Resistant <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> Outbreak by FTIR Spectroscopy and STR Analysis.","authors":"Elena De Carolis, Carlotta Magrì, Giulio Camarlinghi, Vittorio Ivagnes, Bram Spruijtenburg, Eelco F J Meijer, Cristiano Scarselli, Eva Maria Parisio, Maurizio Sanguinetti","doi":"10.3390/jof10110753","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate identification and rapid genotyping of <i>Candida parapsilosis</i>, a significant opportunistic pathogen in healthcare settings, is crucial for managing outbreaks, timely intervention, and effective infection control measures. This study includes 24 clinical samples and 2 positive environmental surveillance swabs collected during a fluconazole-resistant <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> outbreak at the Tuscany Rehabilitation Clinic (Clinica di Riabilitazione Toscana, CRT), located in the province of Arezzo, Italy. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, genetic sequencing of the ERG11 gene, and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis was applied to track the fluconazole-resistant <i>C. parapsilosis</i> outbreak at the CRT facility. FTIR analysis clustered the isolates into two major groups, correlating with resistance-associated <i>ERG11</i> mutations (Y132F and R398I), azole resistance levels, and year of isolation. The combined use of FTIR spectroscopy and STR typing provided a comprehensive approach to identify and track fluconazole-resistant <i>C. parapsilosis</i> isolates, which identified specific clusters of genetically similar isolates. By comparison with feasible molecular techniques, we conclude that FTIR spectroscopy applied in real time can inform targeted infection control strategies and aid in the effective management of nosocomial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Genomics Reveals Species-Specific Genes and Symbiotic Adaptations in <i>Tricholoma matsutake</i>.","authors":"Jea Hyeoung Kim, Eun-Kyung Bae, Yoeguang Hue, Byungheon Choi, Min-Jeong Kang, Eung-Jun Park, Ki-Tae Kim","doi":"10.3390/jof10110746","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Tricholoma matsutake</i>, a highly valued ectomycorrhizal fungus, requires a symbiotic relationship with pine trees for growth, complicating its cultivation. This study presents a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of <i>Tricholoma</i> species, with a focus on <i>T. matsutake</i>. Genomic data from 19 assemblies representing 13 species were analyzed to identify genus-, species-, and strain-specific genes, revealing significant evolutionary adaptations. Notably, <i>T. matsutake</i> exhibits a higher proportion of repetitive elements compared to other species, with retrotransposons like LTR Gypsy dominating its genome. Phylogenomic analyses showed that <i>T. matsutake</i> forms a monophyletic group closely related to <i>T. bakamatsutake</i>. Gene family expansion and contraction analyses highlighted the unique evolutionary pressures on <i>T. matsutake</i>, particularly the loss of tryptophan-related metabolic pathways and the gain of genes related to iron ion homeostasis, which may be crucial for its adaptation to nutrient-limited environments. Additionally, the reduction in secreted proteins and carbohydrate-active enzymes reflects the host-dependent lifestyle of <i>T. matsutake</i> and related species. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the complex symbiotic relationships of <i>T. matsutake</i>, offering potential avenues for optimizing its cultivation and commercial value.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Fungal Potential: The CRISPR-Cas System as a Strategy for Secondary Metabolite Discovery.","authors":"Karla Leal, Edwind Rojas, David Madariaga, María José Contreras, Kattia Nuñez-Montero, Leticia Barrientos, Olman Goméz-Espinoza, Isabel Iturrieta-González","doi":"10.3390/jof10110748","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural products (NPs) are crucial for the development of novel antibiotics, anticancer agents, and immunosuppressants. To highlight the ability of fungi to produce structurally diverse NPs, this article focuses on the impact of genome mining and CRISPR-Cas9 technology in uncovering and manipulating the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) responsible for NP synthesis. The CRISPR-Cas9 system, originally identified as a bacterial adaptive immune mechanism, has been adapted for precise genome editing in fungi, enabling targeted modifications, such as gene deletions, insertions, and transcription modulation, without altering the genomic sequence. This review elaborates on various CRISPR-Cas9 systems used in fungi, notably the <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> type II Cas9 system, and explores advancements in different Cas proteins for fungal genome editing. This review discusses the methodologies employed in CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing of fungi, including guide RNA design, delivery methods, and verification of edited strains. The application of CRISPR-Cas9 has led to enhanced production of secondary metabolites in filamentous fungi, showcasing the potential of this system in biotechnology, medical mycology, and plant pathology. Moreover, this article emphasizes the integration of multi-omics data (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) to validate CRISPR-Cas9 editing effects in fungi. This comprehensive approach aids in understanding molecular changes, identifying off-target effects, and optimizing the editing protocols. Statistical and machine learning techniques are also crucial for analyzing multi-omics data, enabling the development of predictive models and identification of key molecular pathways affected by CRISPR-Cas9 editing. In conclusion, CRISPR-Cas9 technology is a powerful tool for exploring fungal NPs with the potential to accelerate the discovery of novel bioactive compounds. The integration of CRISPR-Cas9 with multi-omics approaches significantly enhances our ability to understand and manipulate fungal genomes for the production of valuable secondary metabolites and for promising new applications in medicine and industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Kobori et al. Utilization of Corn Steep Liquor for the Production of Fairy Chemicals by <i>Lepista sordida</i> Mycelia. <i>J. Fungi</i> 2022, <i>8</i>, 1269.","authors":"Hajime Kobori, Jing Wu, Hirohide Takemura, Jae-Hoon Choi, Naoto Tada, Hirokazu Kawagishi","doi":"10.3390/jof10110744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10110744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}