Journal of Fungi最新文献

{"title":"Species Diversity of Edible Mushrooms I-Four New <i>Laccaria</i> Species from Yunnan Province, China.","authors":"Song-Ming Tang, Guo Zhao, Kai-Yang Niu, Rui-Yu Li, Feng-Ming Yu, Samantha C Karunarathna, Lin Li, Kevin D Hyde, Xi-Jun Su, Zong-Long Luo","doi":"10.3390/jof11030189","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As symbiotic mycorrhizal associates, species within the genus <i>Laccaria</i> play pivotal roles in forest ecosystems, specifically forming ectomycorrhizal relationships with the root systems of various plants. Some <i>Laccaria</i> species are recognized for their edibility, holding potential as a sustainable food source in the context of future food security and dietary diversification. In this study, the species diversity of <i>Laccaria</i> in Yunnan was investigated, and four novel species were identified. Their taxonomical positions and phylogenetic affinities were confirmed through phylogenetic analysis based on ITS, nrLSU, <i>tef</i>1-α, and <i>rpb</i>2 sequence data. Macro- and micro-morphological characteristics of the new species are also given here. <i>Laccaria brownii</i> sp. nov. has a dark to slightly desaturated orange pileus, stipe context broadly fistulose and soft orange, and relatively smaller cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia. <i>Laccaria orangei</i> sp. nov. has a hemispherical to paraboloid pileus, abundant narrowly clavate, flexuose, and branched cheilocystidia. <i>Laccaria ruber</i> sp. nov. pileus is red on the margin, clearly striate on the pileus surface, basidia clavate, mostly four-spored, rarely two-spored. <i>Laccaria stipalba</i> sp. nov. stipe surface is white, long sterigmata (4-13 μm × 2-3 μm), pleurocystidia narrowly clavate to subclavate, flexuose or mucronate, rarely branch. The descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic analysis results of the new taxa are provided. In addition, the new taxa are compared with closely related taxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Heterogeneity of Ornamental Plants in Nurseries Increases the Chance of Finding New Hosts for <i>Phytophthora</i>.","authors":"Alejandro Soto-Plancarte, Marlene Díaz-Celaya, Gerardo Rodríguez-Alvarado, Yolanda Leticia Fernández-Pavía, Hilda Victoria Silva-Rojas, Martha Elena Pedraza-Santos, Rafael Salgado-Garciglia, Tyler Baldwin Bourret, Sylvia Patricia Fernández-Pavía","doi":"10.3390/jof11030187","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The production of ornamental plants in Mexico represents a job-generating activity that has grown in recent years; however, it is adversely affected by phytosanitary issues, notably those induced by <i>Phytophthora</i>. Studies of <i>Phytophthora</i> in ornamental nurseries are scarce in Mexico. The aim in this study was to identify <i>Phytophthora</i> species from selected ornamental plant nurseries in Mexico as potential new hosts. Samples of 13 genera diseased plant tissue and soil were collected from eight nurseries in Mexico during 2009-2010. Based on morphology and sequences of ITS rDNA, the 19 isolates obtained were identified as <i>P. cactorum</i>, <i>P. capsici</i>, <i>P. cinnamomi</i>, <i>P. drechsleri</i>, <i>P. kelmanii</i>, <i>P. nicotianae</i>, and <i>P. tropicalis</i>. Additional loci were sequenced to support species determinations within the <i>P. capsici</i> species complex; some of these isolates could not be confirmed as belonging to any described species, and one appeared to be an interspecific hybrid. This is the first report of <i>P. kelmanii</i> in Mexico; this is noteworthy due to being a broad host range, similar to most of the other species encountered. Evidence of nursery-grown plants serving as a <i>Phytophthora</i> vector to a home garden has been reported for the first time in Mexico. <i>Cestrum nocturnum</i> and <i>Solanum ovigerum</i> are new hosts for <i>Phytophthora</i> worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Whole-Genome for <i>Alternaria</i> Species Identification.","authors":"Ying Yang, Yutong Gan, Wenjie Xu, Yuanhao Huang, Tianyi Xin, Rui Tan, Jingyuan Song","doi":"10.3390/jof11030185","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Alternaria</i>, functioning as a saprobe, endophyte, and plant pathogen, is widely distributed across various natural and human-impacted environments. Leaf spot and black spot diseases, caused by <i>Alternaria</i> species, are the most prevalent plant diseases within this genus, leading to significant reductions in crop yields and substantial economic losses. To facilitate the timely detection of <i>Alternaria</i> species during the early stages of infection, enable targeted treatments, and mitigate associated damages, we employed a species identification method based on Analysis of whole-GEnome (AGE). We downloaded 148 genomes, including 31 <i>Alternaria</i> species, from the NCBI GenBank database. Through bioinformatics analysis, we constructed a specific-target sequence library and selected a representative sequence per species. The specific target sequences of the seven exemplary <i>Alternaria</i> species were subsequently used for validation and rapid detection, utilizing Sanger sequencing and CRISPR-Cas12a technology, respectively. The results demonstrated that our method accurately identified the target species. Additionally, by combining Enzymatic Recombinase Amplification (ERA) with CRISPR-Cas12a, we achieved rapid and precise identification of genomic DNA samples, with a detection limit as low as 0.01 ng/µL within 30 min. Therefore, AGE proves to be a highly robust and efficient method for the detection of <i>Alternaria</i> species, offering broad potential for various applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Recombinant β-Propeller Phytase of the <i>Bacillus</i> Species Expressed Intracellularly in <i>Yarrowia lipolityca</i>.","authors":"Liliya G Maloshenok, Yulia S Panina, Sergey A Bruskin, Victoria V Zherdeva, Natalya N Gessler, Alena V Rozumiy, Egor V Antonov, Yulia I Deryabina, Elena P Isakova","doi":"10.3390/jof11030186","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytases of the PhyD class according to their pH optimum (7.0-7.8) and high thermal stability can claim to be used in the production of feed supplements. However, today they have no practical application in feed production because there are no suitable producers sufficient for its biotechnological production compared to the PhyA and PhyC class ones. Moreover, in most cases, the technologies with the enzymes produced in secretory form are preferable for the production of phytases, though upon microencapsulation in yeast-producing cells, the phytase thermal stability increases significantly compared to the extracellular form, which improves its compatibility with spray drying technology. In this study, we assayed the intracellular heterologous expression of PhyD phytase from <i>Bacillus</i> species in the <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> yeast cells. While the technology has been successfully used to synthesize PhyC phytase from <i>Obesumbacterium proteus</i>, PhyD phytase tends to aggregate upon intracellular accumulation. Furthermore, we evaluated the prospects for the production of encapsulated phytase of the PhyD class of high enzymatic activity when it accumulates in the cell cytoplasm of the <i>Y. lipolytica</i> extremophile yeast, a highly effective platform for the production of recombinant proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungi Assessment in Indoor and Outdoor Environment of Four Selected Hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia.","authors":"Nurul Izzah Ahmad, Nurul Farehah Shahrir, Anis Syuhada Omar Hamdan, Nur Amalina Kamarudin, Noraishah Mohammad Sham, Jamilah Mahmood, Yin-Hui Leong, Ratna Mohd Tap","doi":"10.3390/jof11030182","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hospital buildings require special attention to protect patients and healthcare workers from hospital-acquired infections and sick building illnesses. This is the first study to assess the prevalence of fungus in indoor air, outdoor air, and their contamination on surfaces at selected locations in four highly contaminated hospitals (A, B, C, and D) in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 294 indoor air samples, 106 scrapped and 169 swabbed, were collected from July 2019 to August 2020. Bioaerosol concentrations were calculated using the colony-forming unit (CFU)/m³. Molecular identification was performed on the cultures. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in the rRNA gene of the isolates was amplified by PCR. Results showed that fungal burden was in the range between 18 and 2597 CFU/m³. Fungal load in selected locations at Hospital D were in the higher range between 106 and 2597 CFU/m³, with two locations exceeding the national guidelines. Fungal genera were highly identified in air samples (47) compared to swabbed (29) and scrapped (18) samples. The dominant species were <i>C. halotolerans</i>, <i>C. tenuissimum</i>, <i>P. alfredii</i>, <i>P. brevicompactum</i>, <i>P. brocae</i>, <i>P. cataractarum</i>, and <i>A. aculeatus</i>. Fungal loads were higher in the Orthopedic and Oral Surgeon Clinic, the On Call Emergency Room, wards, and pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungi That Live Within Animals: Application of Cell Cytometry to Examine Fungal Colonization of Ambrosia Beetle (<i>Xyleborus</i> sp.) Mycangia.","authors":"Ross A Joseph, Kamaldeep Bansal, Jane Nguyen, Michael Bielanski, Esther Tirmizi, Abolfazl Masoudi, Nemat O Keyhani","doi":"10.3390/jof11030184","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ambrosia beetles bore into trees, excavating galleries where they farm fungi as their sole source of nutrition. These mutualistic fungi typically do not cause significant damage to host trees; however, since their invasion into the U.S., the beetle <i>Xyleborus glabratus</i> has vectored its fungal partner, <i>Harringtonia lauricola</i>, which has acted as a devastating plant pathogen resulting in the deaths of over 500 million trees. Here, we show differences in the mycangial colonization of the indigenous <i>X. affinis</i> ambrosia beetle by <i>H. lauricola</i>, and the native fungal species, <i>H. aguacate</i> and <i>Raffaelea arxii</i>. While <i>X. affinis</i> was a good host for <i>H. lauricola</i>, the related ambrosia beetle, <i>X. ferrugineus</i>, was only marginally colonized by <i>H. lauricola</i>. <i>X. affinis</i> beetles neither fed on, nor were colonized by, the distantly related fungus, <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>. Mycangial colonization was affected by the nutritional state of the fungus. A novel method for direct quantification of mycangial contents based on image cell cytometry was developed and validated. The method was used to confirm mycangial colonization and demonstrate alternating fungal partner switching, which showed significant variation and dynamic turnover. <i>X. affinis</i> pre-oral mycangial pouches were visualized using fluorescent and light microscopy, revealing that newly emerged pupae displayed uncolonized mycangia prior to feeding, whereas beetles fed <i>H. lauricola</i> contained single-celled fungi within 6 h post-feeding. Mixed populations of fungal cells were seen in the mycangia of beetles following alternating colonization. Nuclear counter-staining revealed insect cells surrounding the mycangia. These data highlight variation and specificity in ambrosia beetle-fungal pairings and provide a facile method for direct quantification of mycangial contents.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Six-Year Airborne Fungal Spore Calendar for a City in the Sonoran Desert, Mexico: Implications for Human Health.","authors":"Carmen Isela Ortega-Rosas, Diana Medina-Félix, Alberto Macías-Duarte, Thanairi Gamez","doi":"10.3390/jof11030183","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal spore calendars for Mexico are non-existent. This research represents the first fungal spore concentration data in the atmosphere of Hermosillo, Mexico, a city in the Sonoran Desert with high rates of allergies and public health problems. We used standardized sampling techniques frequently used by aerobiologists, including a Burkard spore trap to monitor airborne fungal spores daily for 2016-2019 and 2022-2023. Results are expressed as daily fungal spore concentrations in air (spores/m³ air). The most common fungal outdoor spores corresponded to <i>Cladosporium</i> (44%), <i>Ascospora</i> (17%), Smut (14%), <i>Alternaria</i> (12%), and Diatrypaceae (7%) of the total 6-year data. High minimum temperatures produce an increase in the most important spores in the air (<i>Cladosporium</i> and <i>Alternaria</i>), whereas precipitation increases Ascospore concentrations. The most important peak of fungal spore concentration in the air is recorded during summer-fall in all cases. Airborne fungal spores at Hermosillo had a greater impact on human health. These data will be of great help for the prevention, diagnostics, and treatment of seasonal allergies in the population and for the agricultural sector that has problems with some pathogens of their crops caused by fungus.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of <i>Alternaria alternata</i> Allergoids: Evaluation of the Stability of Grass Pollen Allergen Extracts Mixed with <i>Alternaria alternata</i> Allergoids.","authors":"Eva Abel-Fernández, Enrique Fernández-Caldas, Salvador Iborra","doi":"10.3390/jof11030181","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergens from pollen, mites, and moulds often sensitise patients simultaneously, posing challenges for developing stable and effective combination vaccines. <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, a major source of indoor and outdoor allergens, is strongly linked to asthma development and contains proteolytic enzymes that can degrade other allergens, potentially reducing vaccine efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and stability of polymerised <i>A. alternata</i> extracts (allergoids) compared to native extracts and their compatibility with pollen extracts (<i>Phleum pratense</i>). Allergoids were prepared using glutaraldehyde and characterised through SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS, NMR, and gas chromatography. Their immunogenicity and IgE-binding properties were assessed via Western blot and ELISA competition assays, while enzymatic activity was analysed using ApiZym kits. Mice immunisation experiments were conducted to evaluate antibody responses. Polymerised extracts exhibited reduced IgE-binding capacity while maintaining IgG-binding and immunogenicity. Mice immunised with allergoids generated antibodies that efficiently blocked IgE binding in allergic patients. Proteolytic activity was significantly reduced in allergoids, and pollen extracts remained stable when combined with them. These findings demonstrate that <i>A. alternata</i> allergoids are a safer, more stable alternative for immunotherapy, offering enhanced efficacy and reduced injections for polysensitised patients. This study provides critical insights for designing optimised combination vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five New Species of <i>Marquandomyces</i> (Clavicipitaceae, Ascomycota) from Asia.","authors":"Lu-Yao Peng, Yi-Fan Wang, He Song, Islomjon Urinboev, Wen-Ying Zhuang, Yusufjon Gafforov, Xin-Cun Wang","doi":"10.3390/jof11030180","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Marquandomyces</i> is a recently established genus in the Clavicipitaceae and previously comprised only two known species. This study expands the understanding of its generic concept and species diversity through comprehensive fungal diversity surveys conducted from soil samples in China and Uzbekistan. As a result, five new species were identified based on morphological characterization and molecular phylogenetic analyses, and their detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided. This study emphasizes the unique ecological roles and specific habitats of these fungi and contributes to a relatively deep understanding of the genus <i>Marquandomyces</i> as well as its ecological significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biology, Immunology, Epidemiology, and Therapy of Fungal Infections: A Themed Issue Dedicated to Professor David A. Stevens: Editorial.","authors":"Raquel Sabino, David A Stevens","doi":"10.3390/jof11030179","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fungi command our attention, as there are >5 million species alive sharing our planet today, and they are plant pathogens resulting in up to 50% of crop losses in some countries [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}