Journal of Fungi最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Ambient pH on the Growth and Development, Pathogenicity, and Diacetoxyscirpenol Accumulation of Muskmelon Fruit Caused by <i>Fusarium sulphureum</i>.","authors":"Qili Liu, Lan Yang, Huali Xue, Yang Bi, Qianqian Zhang, Yuanyuan Zong, Xiao Li","doi":"10.3390/jof10110765","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ambient pH, an important environmental factor, affects the growth, pathogenicity, and mycotoxin production of pathogenic fungus. <i>Fusarium sulphureum</i> is one of the predominant causal agents causing fusarium rot of muskmelon. In this study, we investigated the effects of ambient pH on fusarium rot development and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) accumulation in muskmelon infected with <i>F. sulphureum</i>, then analyzed the possible mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. The results suggested that ambient pH 6 was more conducive to the growth, pathogenicity, and mycotoxin production of <i>F. sulphureum</i> in vitro. Ambient pH 6 was also more favorable for secretion of cell wall-degrading enzymes for the pathogen to degrade the cell wall of the host plant and up-regulated the relative expression of genes involved in DAS biosynthesis, thus aggravating fruit disease and DAS accumulation. However, when the pH of the inoculated spore suspension was too acidic or too alkaline, the opposite results were observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amphotericin B Ocular Films for Fungal Keratitis and a Novel 3D-Printed Microfluidic Ocular Lens Infection Model.","authors":"Chrysi Rapti, Francis C Luciano, Brayan J Anaya, Bianca I Ramirez, Baris Ongoren, María Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela, Aikaterini Lalatsa, Dolores R Serrano","doi":"10.3390/jof10110762","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal keratitis (FK), a severe eye infection that leads to vision impairment and blindness, poses a high risk to contact lens users, and <i>Candida albicans</i> remains the most common underpinning fungal pathogen in temperate climates. Patients are initially treated empirically (econazole 1% drops hourly for 24-48 h), and if there is no response, amphotericin B (AmB) 0.15% eye drops (extemporaneously manufactured to be stable for a week) are the gold-standard treatment. Here, we aim to develop a sustained-release AmB ocular film to treat FK with an enhanced corneal retention time. As there is a paucity of reliable in vitro models to evaluate ocular drug release and antifungal efficacy under flow, we developed a 3D-printed microfluidic device based on four chambers stacked in parallel, in which lenses previously inoculated with a <i>C. albicans</i> suspension were placed. Under the flow of a physiological fluid over 24 h, the release from the AmB-loaded film that was placed dry onto the surface of the wetted contact lenses was quantified, and their antifungal activity was assessed. AmB sodium deoxycholate micelle (dimeric form) was mixed with sodium alginate and hyaluronic acid (3:1 <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) and cast into films (0.48 or 2.4%), which showed sustained release over 24 h and resulted in a 1.23-fold reduction and a 5.7-fold reduction in CFU/mL of <i>C. albicans</i>, respectively. This study demonstrates that the sustained delivery of dimeric AmB can be used for the treatment of FK and provides a facile in vitro microfluidic model for the development and testing of ophthalmic antimicrobial therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Biological Activity and Biochemical Content of Ethanol Extract from Fruiting Body of <i>Tricholoma bufonium</i> (Pers.) Gillet.","authors":"Atakan Benek, Dilay Turu, Kerem Canli","doi":"10.3390/jof10110761","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study investigates the biochemical composition and biological activities of ethanol extract from the fruit body of <i>Tricholoma bufonium</i>, marking the first detailed examination of this species. The primary goal was to assess the antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and antioxidant properties of ethanol extract from the fruit body of <i>T. bufonium</i> against a range of bacterial strains. Conventional microbiological and biochemical techniques were employed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of the extract and to determine its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. Furthermore, a GC-MS analysis identified bioactive compounds, such as palmitic acid and oleic acid, which are likely contributors to the observed antimicrobial activity. The anti-biofilm activity was tested using glucose monohydrate-modified environments for biofilm formation, while the antioxidant potential was measured using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) assay, and FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power) assay. The ethanol extract exhibited potent antimicrobial activity, particularly against <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> MRSA, with MIC values as low as 0.0338 mg/mL for several pathogens. Additionally, the extract exhibited significant anti-biofilm activity against <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and antioxidant activity with an EC₅₀ value of 11.745 mg/mL. These results suggest that ethanol extract from the fruit body of <i>T. bufonium</i> may be a potent candidate for developing novel antimicrobial agents, particularly against resistant strains such as MRSA, while also providing antioxidant benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of Pleosporalean Fungi Isolated from Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) in Northern Thailand and Descriptions of Five New Species.","authors":"Sahar Absalan, Alireza Armand, Ruvishika S Jayawardena, Eric H C McKenzie, Kevin D Hyde, Saisamorn Lumyong","doi":"10.3390/jof10110763","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pleosporales represents the largest order within the class Dothideomycetes (Fungi), comprising phytopathogenic, saprobic, and endophytic taxa with a widespread presence in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) is a primary economic crop in numerous tropical countries, particularly in Thailand. Studying fungal species associated with rice holds the potential to enhance our understanding of fungal diversity, lifestyles, and biology of rice, offering valuable insights for future research aimed at disease management and yield improvement. Thirty-nine pleosporalean isolates were obtained from various parts of rice plants collected across diverse regions in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. Species identification involved a combination of morphology and molecular phylogeny, utilizing multi-locus sequence analyses of the ITS, LSU, SSU, <i>gapdh</i>, <i>rpb</i>2, <i>tef</i>1, and <i>tub</i>2 genes. The isolates were identified in 18 taxa distributed across five families and ten genera, including five new species (<i>Bipolaris chiangraiensis</i>, <i>Ophiosphaerella oryzae</i>, <i>Paraphaeosphaeria oryzae</i>, <i>Pyrenochaetopsis oryzicola</i>, and <i>Setophoma oryzicola</i>). Additionally, six new host records and two new geographical records are documented. Photoplates, detailed morphological descriptions, and phylogenetic trees are provided to elucidate the placement of both known and novel taxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of <i>Botrytis</i> Populations from Economic and Wild Host Plants in Iran.","authors":"Sepideh Fekrikohan, Bahram Sharifnabi, Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah, Stefania Pollastro, Francesco Faretra, Rita Milvia De Miccolis Angelini","doi":"10.3390/jof10110764","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grey mould disease, caused by various <i>Botrytis</i> species, poses a significant threat to important plants worldwide. This study aimed to characterize <i>Botrytis</i> populations on strawberry and roses, economically relevant host plants, and raspberry, used as a representative of wild plants, in Iran. A total of 389 isolates were collected and analyzed based on morphological features and haplotyping using molecular markers, transposable elements (<i>Boty</i> and <i>Flipper</i>), and fungicide response. Moreover, 60 isolates were used for phylogenetic analysis based on the <i>rpb2</i> gene, and 16 selected isolates from each clade were further characterized using the <i>g3pdh</i>, <i>hsp60</i>, and <i>nep2</i> genes. The results revealed the presence of three distinct species, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Botrytis sinoviticola</i>, and <i>Botrytis prunorum</i>, among the sampled isolates. Additionally, this study reports for the first time the presence of <i>B. sinoviticola</i> on strawberry and isolates belonging to <i>B. cinerea</i> group S in Iran. These findings provide insights into the diversity and composition of <i>Botrytis</i> populations on Iranian host plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Analysis of the Lipidomic Signatures in <i>Rhizopus delemar</i>.","authors":"Basharat Ali, Anshu Chauhan, Mohit Kumar, Praveen Kumar, Hans Carolus, Celia Lobo Romero, Rudy Vergauwen, Ashutosh Singh, Atanu Banerjee, Amresh Prakash, Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy, Patrick Van Dijck, Ashraf S Ibrahim, Rajendra Prasad","doi":"10.3390/jof10110760","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Certain species of Mucorales have been identified as causative agents of mucormycosis, a rare yet often lethal fungal infection. Notably, these fungi exhibit intrinsic resistance to common azole drugs, which target lipids. Given the pivotal role of lipids in drug resistance and their contribution to innate resistance to azoles, this study provides a comprehensive overview of key lipid classes, including sphingolipids (SLs), glycerophospholipids (GPLs), and sterols, in <i>Rhizopus delemar</i> 99-880, a well-characterized reference strain among Mucorales. Using shotgun lipidomics as well as liquid- and gas-chromatography-based mass spectrometric analyses, we identified the lipid intermediates and elucidated the biosynthetic pathways of SLs, PGLs, and sterols. The acidic SLs were not found, probably because the acidic branch of the SL biosynthesis pathway terminates at α-hydroxy phytoceramides, as evident by their high abundance. Intermediates in the neutral SL pathway incorporated higher levels of 16:0 fatty acid compared to other pathogenic fungi. A strikingly high phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)/phosphatdylcholine (PC) ratio was observed among GPLs. Ergosterol remains the major sterol, similar to other fungi, and our analysis confirms the existence of alternate ergosterol biosynthesis pathways. The total lipidomic profile of <i>R. delemar</i> 99-880 offers insights into its lipid metabolism and potential implications for studying pathogenesis and drug resistance mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the Effects of Pear-<i>Morchella</i> Intercropping Mode on <i>M. sextelata</i> Quality, Yield, and Soil Microbial Community.","authors":"Xiao Liu, Jun-Zhe Liu, Jing Liu, Jing Zhang, Chun-Lei Wang","doi":"10.3390/jof10110759","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intercropping of <i>Morchella</i> in pear orchards has important production value in improving the utilization rate and economic benefits of the orchard; however, there is little research on the intercropping model of pear-<i>Morchella</i>. In this study, metabolomics analysis found that compared with greenhouse cultivation, there were 104 and 142 metabolites significantly increased and decreased in the intercropping mode of <i>M. sextelata</i>, respectively. Among them, there was a significant accumulation of amino acids (phenylalanine, lysine, proline, citrulline, and ornithine), sugars (arabinitol and glucosamine), and organic acids (quinic acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid) related to the unique taste of <i>Morchella</i> in intercropping cultivation. In addition, research on the cultivation model using exogenous nutrient bags indicated that placing the density of six exogenous nutrient bags per square meter was most suitable for yield formation. Adding pear sawdust to the nutrient bags (PN) significantly increased the yield of morel per unit area. Moreover, soil microbial community analysis showed that fungal alpha diversity dramatically declined in PN-cultivated soil, which decreased the relative abundance of soil-borne fungal pathogens, including <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i>. Some beneficial soil bacteria abundance increased in the PN-used soil, such as <i>Pedobacter</i>, <i>Pseudomonas,</i> and <i>Devosia</i>. This study provides novel insights into the effects of intercropping on the internal quality of <i>Morchella</i> and enriches the theoretical knowledge on the consummation of the pear-<i>Morchella</i> model formation, further improving agricultural resource utilization efficiency and crop productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyphasic Characterization of the Biocontrol Potential of a Novel Strain of <i>Trichoderma atroviride</i> Isolated from Central Mexico.","authors":"Karla Ivonne González-Martínez, Ma Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas, Alfredo Herrera-Estrella, Sylvia P Fernández-Pavía, Rafael Salgado-Garciglia, John Larsen, Salvador Ochoa-Ascencio, Gerardo Rodríguez-Alvarado, Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo","doi":"10.3390/jof10110758","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work describes the characterization of <i>Trichoderma atroviride</i> strain CMU-08, isolated from Michoacán, Mexico. CMU-08 demonstrated robust growth and conidiation across a temperature range from 16 to 32 °C and a pH range from 4 to 9 on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and malt extract agar (MEA) media. The strain is an efficient antagonist of six species of phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes in PDA, MEA, and Vogel minimal medium (VMM). Antagonist mechanisms of CMU-08 included direct mycoparasitism observed in dual-culture assays, as well as antibiosis attributed to growth inhibition via both volatile and non-volatile metabolites, with the effectiveness varying depending on the test phytopathogen and culture medium. Extracellular filtrates (ECFs) recovered from liquid cultures of CMU-08 under basal and induced conditions using <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> cell walls significantly inhibited their growth at a concentration of 750 µg/mL. Moreover, in detached tomato leaf assays, these ECFs reduced foliar damage caused by <i>B. cinerea</i> by 24-34%. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by CMU-08 also exhibited substantial efficacy, reducing foliar damage by up to 50% in similar tests. Despite showing no basal extracellular chitinase enzymatic activity, CMU-08 demonstrated significant induction of this activity in cultures supplemented with <i>B. cinerea</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> sp. cell walls. Four genes encoding extracellular chitinases (<i>chit33</i>, <i>chit36</i>, <i>ech42</i>, and locus 217415) showed different dynamics of transcriptional regulation during the dual-culture confrontation of strain CMU-08 with <i>B. cinerea</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> sp., varying according to the phytopathogen and the interaction stage. The CMU-08 strain shows physiological versatility and employs a variety of antagonist mechanisms toward different species of phytopathogenic microorganisms, making it a good candidate for developing a biocontrol product for field application.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11596017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Prochloraz by <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i> Isolated from Mango.","authors":"Rui He, Jinlin Liu, Pengsheng Li, Yu Zhang, Xiaoyu Liang, Ye Yang","doi":"10.3390/jof10110757","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mango stem-end rot caused by <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i> is a major postharvest disease in China. Prochloraz is commonly used for disease control in mango orchards and in storage. However, prochloraz resistance has been detected in <i>L. theobromae</i>. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms responsible for prochloraz resistance in <i>L. theobromae</i>. The results show that no point mutation in the target gene <i>LtCYP51</i> of the prochloraz-resistant <i>L. theobromae</i> strain was detected, but the expression was upregulated significantly. Additionally, the full-length sequences of the cytochrome P450 gene <i>CYP55A3</i> were successfully amplified and identified from <i>L. theobromae</i>, and the qRT-PCR results confirm that <i>CYP55A3</i> was significantly upregulated after treatment with prochloraz. The knockout mutant of the <i>CYP55A3</i> presented significantly lower gene expression levels than the wild-type strain HL02, with a 16.67-fold reduction, but a 1.34-fold reduction in P450 activities and a 1.72-fold increase in the accumulation of prochloraz in the mycelia. Treatment with the P450 enzyme inhibitor significantly synergized with the prochloraz toxicity. The wild-type strain was highly resistant to pyraclostrobin and carbendazim; similarly, the sensitivity of the knockout mutant to pyraclostrobin and carbendazim also notably increased. There was no significant difference between the wild-type strain and the gene-complemented strain. The homology model and molecular docking analysis provide evidence that prochloraz interacts with the protein structure of CYP55A3. These findings suggest that the overexpression of the target gene <i>LtCYP51</i> and the detoxification gene <i>CYP55A3</i> were involved in the molecular mechanisms of resistance to prochloraz by <i>L. theobromae</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and Fungicidal Activity of Secondary Metabolites Isolated from <i>Trichoderma hamatum</i> b-3.","authors":"Li Huang, Qiang Bian, Mengdan Liu, Yiwen Hu, Lijuan Chen, Yucheng Gu, Qiwei Zu, Guangzhi Wang, Dale Guo","doi":"10.3390/jof10110755","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two new harziane diterpenes (<b>1</b>-<b>2</b>), five undescribed cyclonerane sesquiterpenes (<b>3</b>-<b>7</b>), and three known compounds, 11-cycloneren-3, 7, 10-triol (<b>8</b>), harziandione (<b>9</b>), and dehydroacetic acid (<b>10</b>), were isolated from <i>Trichoderma hamatum</i> b-3. Their structures were elucidated via comprehensive inspection of spectral evidence in HRESIMS and 1D and 2D NMR, and the absolute configuration of <b>1</b>-<b>8</b> was confirmed by NMR, ECD calculation, as well as Mosher's method. In vitro fungicidal activity showed that some compounds showed great inhibitory activity against pathogenic fungi, including <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, among which compound <b>10</b> showed 100% inhibition of <i>S. sclerotiorum</i> and <i>B. cinerea</i>. The in vivo activity test showed that compound <b>10</b> was 65.8% effective against <i>B. cinerea</i> and compound <b>10</b> can be used as a lead compound for the development of biopesticides that inhibit <i>B. cinerea</i>. This study elucidated the bioactivity of secondary metabolites of <i>T. hamatum</i> and indicated the direction for the subsequent development of the biological control activity of <i>T. hamatum</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}