Journal of Fungi最新文献

{"title":"The Diversity and Taxonomy of Thelephoraceae (Basidiomycota) with Descriptions of Four Species from Southwestern China.","authors":"Xiaojie Zhang, Fulei Shi, Sicheng Zhang, Md Iqbal Hosen, Changlin Zhao","doi":"10.3390/jof10110775","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Taxonomy plays a central role in understanding the diversity of life, translating the products of biological exploration and discovery specimens and observations into systems of names that settle a \"classification home\" to taxa. The ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes family Thelephoraceae has been understudied in subtropical ecosystems. Many species of Thelephoraceae are important edible and medicinal fungi, with substantial economic value. Four new species, <i>Thelephora resupinata</i>, <i>T. subtropica</i>, <i>T. yunnanensis,</i> and <i>Tomentella tenuifarinacea</i>, are proposed based on a combination of the morphological features and molecular evidence. <i>Thelephora resupinata</i> is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata having a tuberculate pileal surface hymenial, and the presence of the subglobose to globose basidiospores (9-12 × 7-9 µm). <i>T. subtropica</i> is solitary coriaceous infundibuliform gray-brown basidiomata with a presence of the subclavate basidia and subglobose to globose basidiospores (6-8 × 5-7 µm). <i>T. yunnanensis</i> is typical of the laterally stipitate basidiomata having a smooth, umber to coffee hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and the presence of the subglobose basidiospores (7-10 × 6-8 µm). <i>Tomentella tenuifarinacea</i> is typical of the arachnoid basidiomata having a smooth, gray, or dark gray hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and the presence of the subglobose to globose basidiospores (7-9 × 6-8 µm). Sequences of ITS+nLSU+mtSSU genes were used for the phylogentic analyses using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The three genes' (ITS+nLSU+mtSSU) phylogenetic analysis showed that the genera <i>Thelephora</i> and <i>Tomentella</i> grouped together within the family Thelephoraceae and three new species were nested into the genus <i>Thelephora</i>, and one new species was nested into the genus <i>Tomentella</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>AaSlt2</i> Is Required for Vegetative Growth, Stress Adaption, Infection Structure Formation, and Virulence in <i>Alternaria alternata</i>.","authors":"Qianqian Jiang, Tiaolan Wang, Yongcai Li, Yang Bi, Miao Zhang, Xiaojing Wang, Dov B Prusky","doi":"10.3390/jof10110774","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Slt2 is an important component of the Slt2-MAPK pathway and plays critical regulatory roles in growth, cell wall integrity, melanin biosynthesis, and pathogenicity of plant fungi. <i>AaSlt2</i>, an ortholog of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae Slt2</i> gene, was identified from <i>A. alternata</i> in this study, and its function was clarified by knockout of the gene. The Δ<i>AaSlt2</i> strain of <i>A. alternata</i> was found to be defective in spore morphology, vegetative growth, and sporulation. Analysis of gene expression showed that expression of the <i>AaSlt2</i> gene was significantly up-regulated during infection structure formation of <i>A. alternata</i> on hydrophobic and pear wax extract-coated surfaces. Further tests on onion epidermis confirmed that spore germination was reduced in the Δ<i>AaSlt2</i> strain, together with decreased formation of appressorium and infection hyphae. Moreover, the Δ<i>AaSlt2</i> strain was sensitive to cell wall inhibitors, and showed significantly reduced virulence on pear fruit. Furthermore, cell wall degradation enzyme (CWDE) activities, melanin accumulation, and toxin biosynthesis were significantly lower in the Δ<i>AaSlt2</i> strain. Overall, the findings demonstrate the critical involvement of <i>AaSlt2</i> in growth regulation, stress adaptation, infection structure formation, and virulence in <i>A. alternata</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Changes in Gene Expression in Both Cotton and <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> During the Infection Process.","authors":"Yongtai Li, Yuanjing Li, Qingwen Yang, Shenglong Song, Yong Zhang, Xinyu Zhang, Jie Sun, Feng Liu, Yanjun Li","doi":"10.3390/jof10110773","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cotton is often threatened by Verticillium wilt caused by <i>V. dahliae</i>. Understanding the molecular mechanism of <i>V. dahlia</i>-cotton interaction is important for the prevention of this disease. To analyze the transcriptome profiles in <i>V. dahliae</i> and cotton simultaneously, the strongly pathogenic strain Vd592 was inoculated into cotton, and the infected cotton roots at 36 h and 3 d post infection were subjected to dual RNA-seq analysis. For the <i>V. dahliae</i>, transcriptomic analysis identified 317 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding classical secreted proteins, which were up-regulated at least at one time point during infection. The 317 DEGs included 126 carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) and 108 small cysteine-rich protein genes. A pectinesterase gene (VDAG_01782) belonging to CAZyme, designated as <i>VdPE1</i>, was selected for functional validation. <i>VdPE1</i> silencing by HIGS (host-induced gene silencing) resulted in reduced disease symptoms and the increased resistance of cotton to <i>V. dahliae</i>. For the cotton, transcriptomic analysis found that many DEGs involved in well-known disease resistance pathways (flavonoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signaling, and plant-pathogen interaction) as well as PTI (pattern-triggered immunity) and ETI (effector-triggered immunity) processes were significantly down-regulated in infected cotton roots. The dual RNA-seq data thus potentially connected the genes encoding secreted proteins to the pathogenicity of <i>V. dahliae</i>, and the genes were involved in some disease resistance pathways and PTI and ETI processes for the susceptibility of cotton to <i>V. dahliae</i>. These findings are helpful in the further characterization of candidate genes and breeding resistant cotton varieties via genetic engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fungal Community Structure Regulates Elevational Variations in Soil Organic Carbon Fractions in a Wugong Mountain Meadow.","authors":"Jinping Wang, Jihong Yuan, Qiong Ren, Liyin Zhou, Huanhuan Zeng, Lujun Miao, Zhiyong Sun, Fang Wan, Yuanying Yan","doi":"10.3390/jof10110772","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions are vital intrinsic indicators of SOC stability, and soil fungi are the key drivers of soil carbon cycling. However, variations in SOC fractions along an elevational gradient in mountain meadows and the role of the fungal community in regulating these variations are largely unknown, especially in subtropical areas. In this study, an elevation gradient experiment (with experimental sites at 1500, 1700, and 1900 m) was set up in a <i>Miscanthus sinensis</i> community in a meadow on Wugong Mountain, Southeast China, to clarify the effects of elevation on soil fungal community composition, microbial residue carbon, and SOC fractions. The results showed that the contribution of soil microbial residue carbon to SOC was only 16.1%, and the contribution of soil fungal residue carbon to SOC (15.3%) was far greater than that of bacterial residue carbon (0.3%). An increase in elevation changed the fungal community structure and diversity, especially in the topsoil (0-20 cm depth) compared with that in the subsoil (20-40 cm depth), but did not affect fungal residue carbon in the two soil layers. When separating SOC into the fractions mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC), we found that the contribution of MAOC (66.6%) to SOC was significantly higher than that of POC (20.6%). Although an increased elevation did not affect the SOC concentration, it significantly changed the SOC fractions in the topsoil and subsoil. The soil POC concentration and its contribution to SOC increased with an increasing elevation, whereas soil MAOC showed the opposite response. The elevational variations in SOC fractions and the POC/MAOC ratio were co-regulated by the fungal community structure and total nitrogen. Our results suggested that SOC stabilization in mountain meadows decreases with an increasing elevation and is driven by the fungal community structure, providing scientific guidance for SOC sequestration and stability in mountain meadows in subtropical areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity Patterns and Drivers of Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities in a Muddy Coastal Wetland of China.","authors":"Baohan Song, Tianyi Wang, Cheng Wan, Yuan Cai, Lingfeng Mao, Zhiwei Ge, Nan Yang","doi":"10.3390/jof10110770","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elucidating the dynamics of soil microbial diversity in coastal wetlands is essential for understanding the changes in ecological functions within these ecosystems, particularly in the context of climate change and improper management practices. In this study, the diversity patterns and influencing factors of soil bacterial and fungal communities in a muddy coastal wetland in China were investigated using Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS1, across wetlands dominated by different vegetations and varying proximity to the coastline. The wetlands include four plots dominated by <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> (SA1), four plots dominated by <i>Suaeda glauca</i> (SG2), additional four plots of <i>Suaeda glauca</i> (SG3), and four plots dominated by <i>Phragmites australis</i> (PA4), ranging from the nearest to the coast to those farther away. The results revealed significant differences in bacterial richness (Observed_species index) and fungal diversity (Shannon index) across different wetlands, with SG3 demonstrating the lowest bacterial Observed_species value (1430.05), while SA1 exhibited the highest fungal Shannon value (5.55) and PA4 showing the lowest fungal Shannon value (3.10). Soil bacterial and fungal community structures differed significantly across different wetlands. The contents of soil available phosphorus and total phosphorus were the main drivers for fungal Observed_species and Shannon index, respectively. Soil organic carbon, pH, and salinity were indicated as the best predictors of bacterial community structure, accounting for 28.1% of the total variation. The total nitrogen content and soil salinity contributed mostly to regulating fungal community structure across different wetlands, accounting for 19.4% of the total variation. The results of this study offer a thorough understanding of the response and variability in soil microbial diversity across the muddy coastal wetlands in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol Agents Inhibit Banana Fusarium Wilt and Alter the Rooted Soil Bacterial Community in the Field.","authors":"Chanjuan Du, Di Yang, Shangbo Jiang, Jin Zhang, Yunfeng Ye, Lianfu Pan, Gang Fu","doi":"10.3390/jof10110771","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Banana is an important fruit and food crop in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Banana production is seriously threatened by Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), a disease caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>cubense</i>, and biological control is an important means of curbing this soil-borne disease. To reveal the effects of biocontrol agents on inhibiting FWB and altering the soil bacterial community under natural ecosystems, we conducted experiments at a banana plantation. The control efficiency of a compound microbial agent (CM), <i>Paenibacillus polymyxa</i> (PP), <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> (TH), and carbendazim (CA) on this disease were compared in the field. Meanwhile, the alterations in structure and function of the rooted soil bacterial community in different treatments during the vigorous growth and fruit development stages of banana were analyzed by microbiomics method. The results confirmed that the different biocontrol agents could effectively control FWB. In particular, CM significantly reduced the incidence of the disease and showed a field control efficiency of 60.53%. In terms of bacterial community, there were no significant differences in the richness and diversity of banana rooted soil bacteria among the different treatments at either growth stage, but their relative abundances differed substantially. CM treatment significantly increased the ratios of <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Bryobacter</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Jatrophihabitans</i>, <i>Hathewaya</i>, and <i>Chujaibacter</i> in the vigorous growth stage and <i>Jatrophihabitans</i>, <i>Occallatibacter</i>, <i>Cupriavidus</i>, and 1921-3 in the fruit development stage. Furthermore, bacterial community function in the banana rooted soil was affected differently by the various biocontrol agents. CM application increased the relative abundance of multiple soil bacterial functions, including carbohydrate metabolism, xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, terpenoid and polyketide metabolism, lipid metabolism, and metabolism of other amino acids. In summary, our results suggest that the tested biocontrol agents can effectively inhibit the occurrence of banana Fusarium wilt and alter the soil bacterial community in the field. They mainly modified the relative abundance of bacterial taxa and the metabolic functions rather than the richness and diversity. These findings provide a scientific basis for the use of biocontrol agents to control banana Fusarium wilt under field conditions, which serves as a reference for the study of the soil microbiological mechanisms of other biocontrol agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Mitogenomics Provides Valuable Insights for the Phylogeny and New DNA Barcodes of <i>Ganoderma</i>.","authors":"Ti-Qiang Chen, Chi Yang, Xiao-Lan Xu, Lin Yang, Huan-Qing He, Meng-Ting Weng, Zheng-He Ying, Xiao-Kun Shi, Meng-Guang Ding","doi":"10.3390/jof10110769","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ganoderma</i> is the most important genus in the family Ganodermataceae; many species have attracted much attention and widely cultivated because of their medicinal values, but so far, not a sequenced mitogenome derived from dikaryon strains has been explicitly recorded. Herein, four novel mitogenomes of commonly cultivated <i>Ganoderma</i> (<i>G</i>. <i>leucocontextum</i> H4, <i>G. lucidum</i> G6, <i>G. sinense</i> MZ96 and <i>G. tsugae</i> SS) were de novo assembled and given detail functional annotations. Collinearity analysis revealed that the four mitogenomes shared 82.93-92.02% similarity with their corresponding reference mitogenomes at the nucleotide level. A total of 15 core protein-coding genes (PCGs), along with <i>rrn</i>L and <i>rrn</i>S (mtLSU and mtSSU) were chosen as potential candidates for constructing their individual phylogenetic trees. These trees were compared with those derived from the concatenated sequences of 15 core PCGs. And finally, we found that the <i>atp</i>9 and <i>nad</i>4L were the most reliable markers for the phylogenetic analysis of <i>Ganoderma</i> and chosen as standard sequences to generate new DNA barcodes. This finding was further verified by comparing it against almost all available <i>Ganoderma</i> mitogenomes in the NCBI, with <i>Trametes versicolor</i> (Polyporaceae) and <i>Rigidoporus microporus</i> (Meripilaceae) as two outgroups. A total of 52 mitogenomes from three families were highly conserved, with identical gene lengths for <i>atp</i>9 (222 bp) and nad4L (267 bp). These genes were capable of distinguish distinctly different various species, which are grouped into separate clades within the phylogenetic trees. The closest related clades (I and II), including at least 30 samples of the three classical taxonomic species (<i>G. lingzhi</i>, <i>G. sichuanense</i> and <i>G. lucidum</i>), differed in only one SNP. The single base mutation rate increased with the evolutionary divergence of the phylogenetic clades, from two to three SNPs in earlier clades (e.g., clade IV containing <i>G. leucocontextum</i>) to five to six SNPs in later clades (e.g., clade X containing <i>G. sinense</i>). Despite these variations between species, the <i>atp</i>9 and <i>nad</i>4L genes of <i>Ganoderma</i> mitogenomes consistently encoded the same ATP synthase F0 subunit c (73 aa) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L (88 aa). These two genes have been identified as reliable markers of new DNA barcodes, offering valuable insights and contributing significantly to understanding the evolutionary relationships and phylogeny of the <i>Ganoderma</i> genus and even the Ganodermataceae family.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</i> ITS Genotype VIII/<i>Trichophyton indotineae</i> Infection and Antifungal Resistance in Bangladesh.","authors":"Mohammed Saiful Islam Bhuiyan, Shyam B Verma, Gina-Marie Illigner, Silke Uhrlaß, Esther Klonowski, Anke Burmester, Towhida Noor, Pietro Nenoff","doi":"10.3390/jof10110768","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Trichophyton</i> (<i>T</i>.) <i>mentagrophytes</i> ITS genotype VIII, also known as <i>Trichophyton indotineae</i>, is a new species of the <i>T. mentagrophytes</i>/<i>T. interdigitale</i> complex and its first records, albeit under a different species name, are from the Indian subcontinent, Middle Eastern Asia, and West Asia<i>. T. mentagrophytes</i> genotype VIII (<i>T</i>. <i>indotineae</i>) has spread globally and has now been documented in over 30 countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and proportion of terbinafine- and itraconazole-resistant isolates of <i>T. mentagrophytes ITS</i> genotype VIII (<i>T. indotineae</i>) in Bangladesh. This was part of an official collaborative project between IADVL (Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists, and Leprologists) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh. Over a period of 6 months, ninety-nine patients of chronic recalcitrant tinea corporis were recruited from BSMMU hospital. Species identification was performed by fungal culture and morphological observation of the upper and lower surfaces of fungal colonies, as well as by using fluorescent microscopy. In addition, a PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-ELISA was performed to group the patients into those with the <i>T. mentagrophytes</i>/<i>T. interdigitale</i> complex. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene was sequenced. Samples were tested for resistance to terbinafine and itraconazole by mutational analyses of the squalene epoxidase (<i>SQLE</i>) and the ergosterol 11B (<i>ERG11B</i>) genes. A total of 79/99 samples showed a positive culture. In 76 of these isolates, <i>T. mentagrophytes</i> ITS genotype VIII (<i>T. indotineae</i>) could be reliably identified both by culture and molecular testing. Resistance testing revealed terbinafine resistance in 49 and itraconazole resistance in 21 patients. Among these, 11 patients were resistant to both the antifungal agents. Mutations L393S, L393F, F397L, and F397I of the <i>SQLE</i> gene were associated with terbinafine resistance. Resistance to itraconazole could not be explained by mutations in the <i>ERG11B</i> gene. Infections with <i>T. mentagrophytes</i> ITS genotype VIII (<i>T. indotineae</i>) have become a public health issue with potentially global ramifications. About 62% of samples from Bangladesh showed resistance to terbinafine, making oral itraconazole the most effective drug currently available, although resistance to itraconazole and both terbinafine and itraconazole also exists.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Yield-Related Genes Participate in Mushroom Production.","authors":"Fang Wang, Fengzhu Li, Luyang Han, Jingzi Wang, Xupo Ding, Qinhong Liu, Mingguo Jiang, Hailin Li","doi":"10.3390/jof10110767","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the increasing global demand for mushrooms has made the enhancement of mushroom yield a focal point of research. Currently, the primary methods for developing high-yield mushroom varieties include mutation- and hybridization-based breeding. However, due to the long breeding cycles and low predictability associated with these approaches, they no longer meet the demands for high-yield and high-quality varieties in the expansive mushroom market. Modern molecular biology technologies such as RNA interference (RNAi) and gene editing, including via CRISPR-Cas9, can be used to precisely modify target genes, providing a new solution for mushroom breeding. The high-yield genes of mushrooms can be divided into four categories based on existing research results: the genes controlling mycelial growth are very suitable for genetic modification; the genes controlling primordium formation are directly or indirectly regulated by the genes controlling mycelial growth; the genes controlling button germination are more difficult to modify; and the genes controlling fruiting body development can be regulated during the mycelial stage. This article reviews the current research status for the four major categories of high-yield-related genes across the different stages of mushroom growth stages, providing a foundation and scientific basis for using molecular biology to improve mushroom yield and promote the economic development of the global edible-mushroom industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm Formation in Clinical Isolates of <i>Fusarium</i>.","authors":"Ray Zhang, Nathan Wiederhold, Richard Calderone, Dongmei Li","doi":"10.3390/jof10110766","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof10110766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many microbial pathogens form biofilms, assemblages of polymeric compounds that play a crucial role in establishing infections. The biofilms of <i>Fusarium</i> species also contribute to high antifungal resistance. Using our collection of 29 clinical <i>Fusarium</i> isolates, we focused on characterizing differences in thermotolerance, anaerobic growth, and biofilm formation across four <i>Fusarium</i> species complexes commonly found in clinical settings. We investigated the role of carbon sources, temperature, and fungal morphology on biofilm development. Using fluorescence microscopy, we followed the stages of biofilm formation. Biofilms were screened for sensitivity/resistance to the antifungals voriconazole (VOR), amphotericin B (AmB), and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC). Our findings revealed generally poor thermotolerance and growth under anaerobic conditions across all <i>Fusarium</i> species. VOR was more effective than AmB in controlling biofilm formation, but the combination of VOR, AmB, and 5-FC significantly reduced biofilm formation across all species. Additionally, <i>Fusarium</i> biofilm formation varied under non-glucose carbon sources, highlighting the species' adaptability to different nutrient environments. Notably, early stage biofilms were primarily composed of lipids, while polysaccharides became dominant in late-stage biofilms, suggesting a dynamic shift in biofilm composition over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"10 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11595738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}