Journal of Fungi最新文献_第4页

Five New Phyllachora Species from Tar Spot Fungi on Poaceae in Sichuan China.

IF 4.2 2区生物学

Journal of Fungi Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.3390/jof11030208

Pengwei Su, Yuechi Liao, Yan Jin, Yanpeng Chen, Asanka Madhushan, Jian-Kui Liu, Sajeewa S N Maharachchikumbura

{"title":"Five New Phyllachora Species from Tar Spot Fungi on Poaceae in Sichuan China.","authors":"Pengwei Su, Yuechi Liao, Yan Jin, Yanpeng Chen, Asanka Madhushan, Jian-Kui Liu, Sajeewa S N Maharachchikumbura","doi":"10.3390/jof11030208","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030208","url":null,"abstract":"Tar spot is a prevalent fungal disease characterized by shiny black spots on the leaves, stems, and fruits of various plants. It is typically caused by members of the family Phyllachoraceae, which consists of biotrophic and obligate plant parasitic fungi. During field investigations of tar spot fungi in Sichuan Province, China, 70 fungal samples associated with tar spots belonging to the family Poaceae were collected from 13 different locations. Through morphological studies and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, SSU, and LSU datasets, the collected samples were classified into eight Phyllachora species. Among these, five were identified as new species (Phyllachora cylindricae, P. festucae, P. luzhouensis, P. palmifoliae, and P. wenchuanensis), and two represented new host records (P. chongzhouensis, P. panicicola). The new species are accompanied by descriptions and illustrations, while their characteristics are discussed in relation to comparable taxa. Additionally, P. yuanjiangensis is synonymized under P. xinpingensis. These findings enhance our understanding of tar spot fungi in Sichuan and, given that Phyllachora species are important pathogens of plants in the Poaceae family, establish a foundation for further research to better understand their potential impacts on agriculture and the local ecology.","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

External Validation of Risk Prediction Score for Candidemia in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study.

IF 4.2 2区生物学

Journal of Fungi Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.3390/jof11030204

Nurul Mazni Abdullah, Saw Kian Cheah, Raha Abdul Rahman, Nadia Md Nor, Muhammad Maaya, Qurratu Aini Musthafa

{"title":"External Validation of Risk Prediction Score for Candidemia in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Nurul Mazni Abdullah, Saw Kian Cheah, Raha Abdul Rahman, Nadia Md Nor, Muhammad Maaya, Qurratu Aini Musthafa","doi":"10.3390/jof11030204","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030204","url":null,"abstract":"Candidemia is associated with high mortality in critically ill patients. Early diagnosis of candidemia is imperative for starting treatment. Therefore, this study was designed to externally validate the candidemia risk prediction scores. This single-center, retrospective observational study included all critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit at a tertiary referral center from January 2018 to December 2023. The risks and patient outcomes were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate regression analysis. A total of 500 patients were analyzed with 2 dropouts due to incomplete data. Candidemia incidence was 8.86%, with parenteral nutrition and candida colonization identified as independent risk factors. Compared to an established risk prediction score, this study demonstrated a sensitivity of 75.0% [59.7-86.8], a specificity of 65.4% [60.8-69.8], a negative predictive value of 96.4% [94.2-97.8], and a positive predictive value of 17.3% [14.5-20.5]. The candidemia group had a significantly higher mean SOFA score, longer time in ICU, longer hospital length of stay, and higher rates of both ICU and in-hospital mortality. This study shows that the risk prediction score is more effective as a tool for excluding rather than predicting candidemia. We recommend against using it as the sole diagnostic guide.","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoding the Tissue-Specific Profiles of Bioactive Compounds in Helvella leucopus Using Combined Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Approaches.

IF 4.2 2区生物学

Journal of Fungi Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.3390/jof11030205

Qian Zhou, Xusheng Gao, Junxia Ma, Haoran Zhao, Dan Gao, Huixin Zhao

{"title":"Decoding the Tissue-Specific Profiles of Bioactive Compounds in Helvella leucopus Using Combined Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Approaches.","authors":"Qian Zhou, Xusheng Gao, Junxia Ma, Haoran Zhao, Dan Gao, Huixin Zhao","doi":"10.3390/jof11030205","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030205","url":null,"abstract":"Helvella leucopus, an endangered wild edible fungus, is renowned for its distinct health benefits and nutritional profile, with notable differences in the bioactive and nutritional properties between its cap and stipe. To investigate the molecular basis of these tissue-specific variations, we conducted integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Metabolomic profiling showed that the cap is particularly rich in bioactive compounds, including sterols and alkaloids, while the stipe is abundant in essential nutrients, such as glycerophospholipids and amino acids. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a higher expression of genes involved in sterol biosynthesis (ERG1, ERG3, ERG6) and energy metabolism (PGK1, ENO1, PYK1) in the cap, suggesting a more active metabolic profile in this tissue. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted tissue-specific metabolic pathways, including riboflavin metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, as key contributors to the unique functional properties of the cap and stipe. A detailed biosynthetic pathway network further illustrated how these pathways contribute to the production of crucial bioactive and nutritional compounds, such as sterols, alkaloids, linoleic acid derivatives, glycerophospholipids, and amino acids, in each tissue. These findings provide significant insights into the molecular mechanisms behind the health-promoting properties of the cap and the nutritional richness of the stipe, offering a theoretical foundation for utilizing H. leucopus in functional food development and broadening our understanding of bioactive and nutritional distribution in edible fungi.","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable Management of Major Fungal Phytopathogens in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) for Food Security: A Comprehensive Review.

IF 4.2 2区生物学

Journal of Fungi Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.3390/jof11030207

Maqsood Ahmed Khaskheli, Mir Muhammad Nizamani, Entaj Tarafder, Diptosh Das, Shaista Nosheen, Ghulam Muhae-Ud-Din, Raheel Ahmed Khaskheli, Ming-Jian Ren, Yong Wang, San-Wei Yang

{"title":"Sustainable Management of Major Fungal Phytopathogens in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) for Food Security: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Maqsood Ahmed Khaskheli, Mir Muhammad Nizamani, Entaj Tarafder, Diptosh Das, Shaista Nosheen, Ghulam Muhae-Ud-Din, Raheel Ahmed Khaskheli, Ming-Jian Ren, Yong Wang, San-Wei Yang","doi":"10.3390/jof11030207","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030207","url":null,"abstract":"Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a globally important energy and food crop that is becoming increasingly integral to food security and the environment. However, its production is significantly hampered by various fungal phytopathogens that affect its yield and quality. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the major fungal phytopathogens affecting sorghum, their impact, current management strategies, and potential future directions. The major diseases covered include anthracnose, grain mold complex, charcoal rot, downy mildew, and rust, with an emphasis on their pathogenesis, symptomatology, and overall economic, social, and environmental impacts. From the initial use of fungicides to the shift to biocontrol, crop rotation, intercropping, and modern tactics of breeding resistant cultivars against mentioned diseases are discussed. In addition, this review explores the future of disease management, with a particular focus on the role of technology, including digital agriculture, predictive modeling, remote sensing, and IoT devices, in early warning, detection, and disease management. It also provide key policy recommendations to support farmers and advance research on disease management, thus emphasizing the need for increased investment in research, strengthening extension services, facilitating access to necessary inputs, and implementing effective regulatory policies. The review concluded that although fungal phytopathogens pose significant challenges, a combined effort of technology, research, innovative disease management, and effective policies can significantly mitigate these issues, enhance the resilience of sorghum production to facilitate global food security issues.","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Snake Fungal Disease (Ophidiomycosis) in Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus) in New Jersey: Variations by Year, Sex, and Morphological Sampling Site.

IF 4.2 2区生物学

Journal of Fungi Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.3390/jof11030206

Joanna Burger, Christian Jeitner, Robert T Zappalorti, John Bunnell, Kelly Ng, Emile DeVito, David Schneider, Michael Gochfeld

{"title":"Snake Fungal Disease (Ophidiomycosis) in Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus) in New Jersey: Variations by Year, Sex, and Morphological Sampling Site.","authors":"Joanna Burger, Christian Jeitner, Robert T Zappalorti, John Bunnell, Kelly Ng, Emile DeVito, David Schneider, Michael Gochfeld","doi":"10.3390/jof11030206","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030206","url":null,"abstract":"Ophidiomyces ophidiicola, the fungus causing Snake Fungal Disease (SFD) or ophidiomycosis, is prevalent in North American snakes and can have deleterious population effects. Northern pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus) in New Jersey often test positive for ophidiomycosis. In this paper, we use qPCR to examine changes in prevalence from 2018 to 2023, and differences by age, sex, and morphological sampling locations. We swabbed ventral surfaces, head, and cloaca of snakes, and lesions and eyes if there were clinical ophidiomycosis signs. A snake was considered positive if any site was positive by qPCR. The prevalence was 47% (2018), increased to 100% (2022), but declined to 46% in 2023. The prevalence was highest in snakes with lesions (46-100%); head swabs had the lowest rates. The more lesions a snake had, the more likely it was that at least one would be positive. Males had significantly more lesions than females, but the prevalence was similar. In 2023, the prevalence of O. ophidiicola was low, but the prevalence of lesions did not decrease as markedly. We discuss the temporal changes in the positivity for O. ophidiicola and its implications for ophidiomycosis effects, suggesting that the fungus is endemic in this population.","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chronic Cavitary Pulmonary Histoplasmosis-Novel Concepts Regarding Pathogenesis.

IF 4.2 2区生物学

Journal of Fungi Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/jof11030201

John F Fisher, Michael Saccente, George S Deepe, Natasha M Savage, Wajih Askar, Jose A Vazquez

{"title":"Chronic Cavitary Pulmonary Histoplasmosis-Novel Concepts Regarding Pathogenesis.","authors":"John F Fisher, Michael Saccente, George S Deepe, Natasha M Savage, Wajih Askar, Jose A Vazquez","doi":"10.3390/jof11030201","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030201","url":null,"abstract":"Because the apices of the lungs are most commonly involved in chronic cavitary histoplasmosis (CCPH), it has been assumed by many to have a pathogenesis which is similar to post-primary tuberculosis. Fungi such as Aspergillus may colonize pulmonary bullae. Although less common, colonization by Histoplasma capsulatum in a heavily endemic area is possible or even probable. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), apical bullae are characteristic. Since COPD is common and CCPH is rare, the pathogenesis of CCPH remains incompletely understood. What is presently known about the pathogenesis of CCPH has not changed appreciably since 1976. A cellblock from a patient with CCPH was analyzed with histochemical stains for T cells, B cells, plasma cells, and macrophages to better understand the pathogenesis of CCPH. The pathogenesis of cavitary disease in histoplasmosis has been assumed to resemble that of tuberculosis. However, liquefaction of a caseous focus in lung apices which resulted from blood-borne tubercle bacilli is distinctly unlike CCPH, as caseation is unusual. Rather, repeated colonization of the apical and other bullae by propagules (microconidium, macroconidium, hyphal fragment) of H. capsulatum in patients with COPD who have resided in heavily endemic areas appears to be the primary event in CCPH. Immunohistochemical enumeration of specific cell types in a patient with CCPH has not been previously carried out to our knowledge, but is only a first step in understanding the disease. In future studies, identification of the varieties of macrophages and cytokines in CCPH may reveal whether the process is pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, or both.","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoding Pecan's Fungal Foe: A Genomic Insight into Colletotrichum plurivorum Isolate W-6.

IF 4.2 2区生物学

Journal of Fungi Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/jof11030203

Ke Deng, Ying Zhang, Saibin Lv, Chulong Zhang, Lihong Xiao

{"title":"Decoding Pecan's Fungal Foe: A Genomic Insight into Colletotrichum plurivorum Isolate W-6.","authors":"Ke Deng, Ying Zhang, Saibin Lv, Chulong Zhang, Lihong Xiao","doi":"10.3390/jof11030203","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030203","url":null,"abstract":"Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) is a world-renowned nut crop that is highly favored by consumers for its high content of healthy nutrients. For a long time, anthracnose has severely threatened the yield and quality of pecan, causing significant economic losses to the global pecan industry. Here, we report the 54.57-Mb gapless chromosome-level assembly of the pathogenic ascomycetes Colletotrichum plurivorum isolate W-6 from pecan plantations in Southeast China. Six of 12 chromosomes contain, at least, telomeric repeats (CCCTAA)n or (TTAGGG)n at one end. A total of 14,343 protein-coding genes were predicted. Pathogenicity- and virulence-related annotations revealed 137 to 4558 genes associated with the TCDB, PHI, Cyt_P450, DFVF, effector, and secretome databases, respectively. A comparative analysis of isolate W-6, together with 51 other Colletotrichum strains, reveled 13 genes unique to the Orchidearum complex to which isolate W-6 belongs, highlighting the major facilitator superfamily transporters. The detailed analyses of MFS transporters associated with secondary metabolite gene clusters in isolate W-6 led to the identification and protein structure analyses of two key virulence factor candidates in DHA1 subclass, prlG and azaK, which were reported as efflux transporters of antibiotics in other pathogenic fungi. The assembly and further functional investigation of two pathogenic genes identified here potentially provide important resources for better understanding the biology and lifestyle of Colletotrichum and pave the way for designing more efficient strategies to control anthracnose in pecan plantations.","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of Biphasic Culture System for an Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana PfBb Strain and Its Virulence on a Defoliating Moth Phauda flammans (Walker).

IF 4.2 2区生物学

Journal of Fungi Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/jof11030202

Yi-Ping Gao, De-Xiang Shi, Yuan-Hao Li, Xiong Zhao He, Xiao-Yun Wang, Kai Lin, Xia-Lin Zheng

{"title":"Development of Biphasic Culture System for an Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana PfBb Strain and Its Virulence on a Defoliating Moth Phauda flammans (Walker).","authors":"Yi-Ping Gao, De-Xiang Shi, Yuan-Hao Li, Xiong Zhao He, Xiao-Yun Wang, Kai Lin, Xia-Lin Zheng","doi":"10.3390/jof11030202","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030202","url":null,"abstract":"Beauveria bassiana PfBb is a new strain with high host specificity to the target pest Phauda flammans. We conducted a series of experiments to optimize the biphasic fermentation system of B. bassiana PfBb by screening the medium compositions and fermentation environmental conditions in both liquid and solid fermentations. In the liquid fermentation, glucose and yeast extract with a C:N ratio of 17:1 were the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for B. bassiana PfBb mycelium growth and blastospore production, and liquid fermentation with an inoculation concentration of 1 × 108/mL and an inoculum content of 50 mL conidial suspension, at 180 rpm/min rotation speed, pH 7 and 26 °C, favored mycelium growth. However, additional trace elements did not significantly improve liquid fermentation. In the solid fermentation, wheat bran and chaff at a ratio of 8:2 were identified as the best substrates that facilitated B. bassiana PfBb sporulation and conidial germination, and optimal substrates with 20% inoculum content, 50% water content, and 3-day fermentation in darkness had the highest conidia yield. The resulting conidia, stored at -20, 4, and 20 °C for one year, did not significantly change the water content, and with prolonged storage duration, conidial germination was significantly higher at -20 and 4 °C. Moreover, conidia stored at 4 °C for one year maintained its validity and virulence, which were toxic to all instar larvae of P. flammans. Our results provide essential support for the commercial production of B. bassiana PfBb-based biopesticides.","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolving Epidemiology, Improving Diagnostic Tests and Their Importance for the Correct Diagnosis of Histoplasmosis.

IF 4.2 2区生物学

Journal of Fungi Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/jof11030196

Thomas E Schmidt, Tarsila Vieceli, Lisandra Serra Damasceno, Sarah Kimuda, Alessandro C Pasqualotto, Nathan C Bahr

{"title":"Evolving Epidemiology, Improving Diagnostic Tests and Their Importance for the Correct Diagnosis of Histoplasmosis.","authors":"Thomas E Schmidt, Tarsila Vieceli, Lisandra Serra Damasceno, Sarah Kimuda, Alessandro C Pasqualotto, Nathan C Bahr","doi":"10.3390/jof11030196","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030196","url":null,"abstract":"Histoplasmosis has traditionally been described as having discrete geographic areas of endemicity. Over the last few decades, it has become more and more clear that these areas are not accurate depictions of where histoplasmosis can occur. Our understanding of where histoplasmosis occurs has improved in recent years due to improving access to diagnostic testing and increased reporting as well as larger at-risk populations (HIV and non-HIV immune suppression) resulting in more cases. Although areas of relatively higher risk and case numbers certainly still exist, histoplasmosis has been observed in much of the world at this point. Our knowledge of the geographic distribution of histoplasmosis, though improving, remains incomplete. While diagnostic testing has traditionally been confined to visualization and/or culture in much of the world, antigen testing has emerged as an excellent tool. Unfortunately access to antigen testing has been inadequate for much of the world, but this has started to change in recent years and will likely change more dramatically in the near future, assuming ongoing positive developments in the area of lateral flow tests for antigen testing. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the geographic distribution of histoplasmosis, the current landscape of diagnostic testing, and the evolution of both areas with an eye towards the future.","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Enoyl Reductase in the Monacolin K Biosynthesis Pathway in Monascus spp.

IF 4.2 2区生物学

Journal of Fungi Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/jof11030199

Tingting Yao, Xiaodi Wang, Fusheng Chen

{"title":"The Role of Enoyl Reductase in the Monacolin K Biosynthesis Pathway in Monascus spp.","authors":"Tingting Yao, Xiaodi Wang, Fusheng Chen","doi":"10.3390/jof11030199","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11030199","url":null,"abstract":"Monacolin K (MK), a secondary metabolite produced by Monascus spp. with the ability to inhibit cholesterol production, is structurally identical to lovastatin produced by Aspergillus terreus. In the lovastatin biosynthetic pathway, the polyketide synthase (PKS) encoded by lovB must work together with the enoyl reductase encoded by lovC to ensure lovastatin production. However, it is unclear whether mokA and mokE in the MK gene cluster of Monascus spp., both of which are highly homologous to lovB and lovC, respectively, also have the same functions for MK biosynthesis. In the current study, the high-yielding MK M. pilosus MS-1 was used as the research object, and it was found that the enoyl reductase domain of MokA may be non-functional due to the lack of amino acids at active sites, a function that may be compensated for by MokE in the MK synthesis pathway. Then, the mokE-deleted (ΔmokE), -complemented (ΔmokE::mokE), and -overexpressed (PgpdA-mokE) strains were constructed, and the results showed that ΔmokE did not produce MK, and ΔmokE::mokE restored MK synthesis, while the ability of PgpdA-mokE to produce MK was increased by 32.1% compared with the original strain MS-1. These results suggest that the MokA synthesized by Monascus spp. must be assisted by MokE to produce MK, just as lovastatin produced by A. terreus, which provides clues for further genetic engineering to improve the yield of MK in Monascus spp.","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0