Journal of Fungi最新文献

{"title":"Rme1: Unveiling a Novel Repressor in the Cellulolytic Pathway of <i>Trichoderma reesei</i>.","authors":"Amanda Cristina Campos Antoniêto, David Batista Maués, Marcelo Candido, Iasmin Cartaxo Taveira, Roberto N Silva","doi":"10.3390/jof11090658","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thefilamentous fungus <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> is renowned for its exceptional ability to secrete cellulolytic enzymes, which play a crucial role in the hydrolysis of lignocellulose biomass. The expression of fungal cellulases is meticulously regulated at the transcriptional level, depending on the carbon source available in the medium. To obtain new insights into the transcriptional network controlling cellulase expression in <i>T. reesei</i>, we analyzed RNA-Seq data and identified and characterized a new transcription factor, Rme1, that regulates the expression of cellulolytic genes. Combining functional genomics and protein-DNA interaction assay, we showed that Rme1 acts as a repressor of cellulase production in <i>T. reesei</i> by directly regulating two critical genes involved in cellulose degradation: the cellobiohydrolase <i>cel7a</i> and the carbon catabolite repressor <i>cre1</i>. This is the first report of a transcription factor regulating Cre1. This study contributes to a better understanding of the complex regulation of the cellulolytic system of <i>T. reesei</i> and may be useful for the genetic modification of strains for the biorefinery industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare Resource Utilization, Treatment Costs, and Mortality in Patients with Malignancies or Transplantation Who Develop Invasive Aspergillosis.","authors":"Thomas J Walsh, Craig I Coleman, Melissa Johnson, Belinda Lovelace, Barbara D Alexander","doi":"10.3390/jof11090657","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) poses significant risks to patients with malignancies or transplantation; however, estimates of burden-of-illness in patients with IA are sparse. We sought to assess in-hospital and outpatient healthcare resource utilization, all-cause treatment costs, and mortality in patients admitted with IA with hematologic or non-hematologic malignancies, bone marrow transplant/hematopoietic cell transplantation (BMT/HCT), or solid organ transplantation (SOT). <b>Methods</b>: This claims study utilized United States IQVIA data. Adults admitted for IA were identified by diagnosis codes during the patient selection period (October 2015-November 2022). IA patients were stratified into cohorts including recent hematologic or non-hematologic malignancies, or a history of BMT/HCT or SOT. We assessed hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length-of-stay (LOS), all-cause index hospital treatment costs, and inpatient mortality or need for hospice in each cohort, as well as the need for re-admission and total treatment costs for up to six-months after admission, and all-cause mortality at end of study follow-up. <b>Results</b>: Among 1190 patients admitted for IA, 317 had hematologic malignancies, 155 non-hematologic malignancies, 133 BMT/HCT and 173 SOT. Across these cohorts, IA was associated with protracted (median LOS = 12-18 days; ICU LOS = 10-13 days) and costly (median = USD 79,058-USD 172,342) index hospitalizations ending in death or hospice in 28.1% (89/317) to 36.1% (48/133) of patients. Among those surviving to discharge, between 53.1% (34/64) and 63.4% (97/153) were re-admitted within six months. Total median treatment costs at six months ranged from USD 213,378 to USD 397,857. All-cause mortality was 33.6% (52/155) to 40.6% (54/133) at end of study follow-up. <b>Conclusions</b>: Hospitalizations for IA in patients with malignancies or transplantation are long, costly, and end with readmission, hospice, or death in more than one-third of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prognostic Value of (1→3)-β-D-Glucan in COVID-19 Patients with and Without Secondary Fungal Disease.","authors":"Udari Welagedara, Jessica Price, Raquel Posso, Matt Backx, P Lewis White","doi":"10.3390/jof11090656","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The presence of (1→3)-<i>β</i>-D-Glucan (BDG) in serum may be indicative of invasive fungal disease (IFD), but even without IFD, elevated BDG can be associated with adverse patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>COVID-19-infected patients (n = 125) who were screened for IFD with fungal biomarkers were evaluated to assess the prognostic value of BDG. BDG was correlated with patients' mortality, considering the influences of IFD and anti-fungal therapy (AFT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A BDG concentration > 31 pg/mL was associated with significant mortality in the absence of documented IFD and without subsequent antifungal therapy (≤31 pg/mL: 28% vs. >31 pg/mL: 91%; <i>p</i> = 0.0001). In patients without IFD but with BDG > 31 pg/mL, mortality dropped to 50% when AFT was administered. In patients with BDG > 31 pg/mL and neither IFD nor AFT, the average probability of death was 3.38-fold greater.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated serum BDG is associated with significant mortality in COVID-19-infected patients without IFD, irrespective of AFT. A BDG-associated proinflammatory response might be driving the high mortality. BDG serves as a prognostic marker in COVID-19-infected patients with or without IFD. When BDG is very low (≤31 pg/mL) the likelihood of death remains consistent with the background mortality rates for COVID-19 within the ICU.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolving Threat of Fusarium Wilt TR4 to Small-Scale Mixed Cultivar Banana Production in the Red River Basin of Northern Vietnam.","authors":"Chung Huy Nguyen, Thi Tho Nguyen, Diane Mostert, Altus Viljoen, Elizabeth Kearsley, Guy Blomme","doi":"10.3390/jof11090653","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusarium wilt (Foc) TR4 was first reported in Northern Vietnam in 2018. Since then, it has rapidly spread across most northern provinces along the Red River basin banana production landscapes, impacting Cavendish (<i>Musa</i> AAA genome) production. The other main banana cultivars which are widely grown in this production zone are Pisang Awak (<i>Musa</i> ABB genome) and Pisang Mas (<i>Musa</i> AA genome). Field surveys were conducted in 2022/2023 across this banana production region to assess pathogen spread from Cavendish monocropping systems into adjacent smaller-scale mixed cultivar systems. Across 130 sites, a total of 210 banana pseudostem tissue samples were collected from symptomatic Cavendish, Pisang Awak and Pisang Mas plants. Foc TR4 incursions into mixed small-to-mid-sized Cavendish-Pisang Awak plantations were confirmed, and the pathogen was also recorded in Pisang Awak plantations and backyard gardens that did not contain any Cavendish mats. A screenhouse-based Foc TR4 screening trial including seven commonly cultivated <i>Musa</i> varieties in Northern Vietnam indicated that Pisang Awak and Pisang Mas are susceptible to the pathogen. While Pisang Awak, an important local variety, is known to be susceptible to both Foc Race 1 and TR4, recent field observations suggest a limited susceptibility of Pisang Awak to Foc TR4 in mixed cultivar plantation settings. Local farmers similarly reported observing reduced susceptibility, with several having already replanted TR4-affected Cavendish fields with Pisang Awak as part of their disease management strategy. No infections were observed on field-grown Pisang Mas plants in TR4-affected mixed banana cultivar production landscapes. These results and insights provide solutions for the revival of TR4-affected Cavendish production fields or landscapes, through the cultivation of less susceptible local cultivars. In addition, the introduction, validation and scaling of Formosana (i.e., GCTCV-218, a Cavendish somaclone with moderate resistance to Foc TR4) should be envisaged.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Potential Involvement of Glutathione S-Transferases in Defence Against Powdery Scab in Potato.","authors":"Sadegh Balotf, Richard Wilson, Calum Wilson","doi":"10.3390/jof11090654","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are key enzymes in plant defences involved in detoxification, redox regulation, and the modulation of secondary metabolism, playing essential roles in the response to pathogen infections. Despite prior genome-wide predictions of GSTs in potato, little is known about their specific roles in defending against <i>Spongospora subterranea</i>. This study re-analyses our previously generated transcriptomics and proteomics datasets to explore the role of GSTs in two contrasting potato cultivars, 'Iwa' (susceptible) and 'Gladiator' (resistant), after inoculation with <i>S. subterranea</i>. A total of 69 and 41 GSTs were identified in the transcriptomics and proteomics data, respectively. The majority of these GSTs were upregulated in the resistant cultivar but not in the susceptible cultivar. The upregulation of GSTs in 'Gladiator' suggests a more efficient antioxidant and detoxification response following <i>S. subterranea</i> infection. Chromosomal mapping revealed a high number of GSTs on chromosome 9, suggesting a hotspot for GSTs in the potato genome. This research provides direct evidence of the potential involvement of GSTs in resistance to <i>S. subterranea</i>, offering insights into potential targets for breeding resistant potato cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Biocontrol of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> Affecting Lucky Bamboo (<i>Dracaena sanderiana</i> Hort. ex. Mast.).","authors":"Merve Şenol Kotan","doi":"10.3390/jof11090655","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lucky bamboo is an economically crucial ornamental plant worldwide due to its durability, rapid growth capacity, and versatile uses. However, diseases caused by various fungal pathogens negatively affect bamboo production, resulting in yield losses. In the present study, fungal agents causing disease in <i>Dracaena sanderiana</i> were isolated and evaluated for their pathogenicity. The MF-1 and MF-2 isolates that showed pathogenicity were characterized morphologically and molecularly. Chitinase enzymes were partially purified from four different bacteria and biochemically characterized, and the antifungal activities of these bacteria and chitinases were evaluated. As a result of the diagnosis, both isolates were identified as <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> with ~99% similarity. It was determined that the partially purified chitinases from <i>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</i> C-37A and <i>Agrobacterium radiobacter</i> A-16 had the highest activity with values of 9.44 and 1.02 EU/mL, respectively. Additionally, the pH and temperature values at which C-37A's chitinase exhibited optimal activity were determined to be 8 and 30 °C, while those for A-16's chitinase were found to be pH 4 and 40 °C. After 120 min, C-37A's chitinase retained 50% of its activity at 90 °C, while A-16's chitinase retained 80% of its activity at 40 °C. C-37A inhibited the growth of MF-1 and MF-2 by 83% and 75%, respectively. Additionally, the inhibition rates of A-16, <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> M-3, and KBA-10 ranged from 68% to 29%. In chitinase applications, the highest inhibition rates of 28% (MF-1) and 23% (MF-2) were obtained from C-37A chitinase. In conclusion, it was observed that bioagent bacteria provide sustainable biological effects against <i>F</i>. <i>oxysporium</i> in <i>D</i>. <i>Sanderiana</i>, and that the chitinase enzyme purified from these isolates can be used as a biocontrol agent in agriculture, as well as potentially evaluated in various industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Structural and Functional Diversities of Bacteria Inhabiting Plant Woody Tissues and Their Interactions with Fungi.","authors":"Rana Haidar, Amira Yacoub, Ouiza Mesguida, Rémy Guyoneaud, Eléonore Attard, Patrice Rey","doi":"10.3390/jof11090652","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent studies, the bacterial and fungal communities associated with plant wood have received considerable attention. Due to microorganisms' vertical migration from roots to leaves, these communities provide critical links between the rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbiome. Recent investigations have shown that anatomical and chemical wood characteristics shape the microbiota inhabiting living or dead wood tissues, leading to variation in the observed decomposition of these materials. Despite the fact that bacteria have limited ability to degrade polymeric lignocelluloses compared to fungi, those inhabiting wood tissues have demonstrated a significant role in these habitats. Bacteria and fungi coexist in wood and form differing relationships with each other, with consequences for community structures that, in turn, impact plant health. The aim of this review is to present an overview of current insights regarding bacterial profiles and functions in lignocellulosic plants and their interaction with fungal communities colonising the same habitat. A better understanding of plant-bacteria-fungi interactions will allow for better exploitation of these tripartite interactions and possibly improve plant health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Protective Role of Amphibian Skin Bacteria Against Water Mold <i>Saprolegnia</i> spp.","authors":"Sara Costa, Diogo Neves Proença, Artur Alves, Paula V Morais, Isabel Lopes","doi":"10.3390/jof11090649","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amphibian populations have experienced a severe decline over the past 40 years, driven primarily by environmental pollution, habitat destruction, climate change, and disease. This work reports, for the first time, saprolegniosis in <i>Pelophylax perezi</i> egg masses and saprolegniosis in amphibians in Portugal. After isolation and phylogenetic analysis, the pathogen was identified as <i>Saprolegnia australis</i>. Following this, the present work intended to screen a collection of <i>P. perezi</i> skin bacteria for the existence of bacterial strains with inhibitory action against the newly identified <i>S. australis</i> SC1 and two other species, <i>Saprolegnia diclina</i> SAP 1010 UE and <i>Saprolegnia australis</i> SAP 1581 UE. The results showed that various bacterial species could inhibit the growth of these three species of oomycetes. Bacteria with the most significant antagonistic action against <i>Saprolegnia</i> spp. predominantly belonged to the genus <i>Bacillus</i>, followed by <i>Serratia</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and <i>Aeromonas</i>. Despite variations in bacterial diversity among frog populations, the present study also demonstrated the presence of bacteria on frogs' skin that were capable of inhibiting <i>Saprolegnia</i> spp., as evidenced by <i>in vitro</i> challenge assays. These findings highlight the protective function of bacteria present in amphibian skin. The observed bacterial diversity may contribute to the metabolic redundancy of the frog skin microbiome, helping to maintain its functional capacity despite shifts in the community composition. Additionally, the study found that, when providing a more advantageous environment for pathogen growth-in this case a peptone-glucose (PG) medium instead of R2A-the percentage of bacteria with moderate-to-strong antagonistic activity dropped by 13% to 4%. In conclusion, the presence of bacteria capable of inhibiting <i>Saprolegnia</i> spp. in adult individuals and across different environmental conditions may contribute to lowering the susceptibility of frog adults towards <i>Saprolegnia</i> spp., compared with that in the early stages of development, like the tadpole or egg stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycoremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil Using Native <i>Ganoderma</i> and <i>Trametes</i> Strains from the Ecuadorian Amazon.","authors":"Isabel Cipriani-Avila, Cony Decock, Aracely Zambrano-Romero, Katherine Zaldumbide, Mónica Garcés-Ruiz, Jazel Caiza-Olmedo, Ana Gordillo, Verónica Luna, Patrick A Gerin","doi":"10.3390/jof11090651","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Petroleum-contaminated soils are a major environmental concern worldwide. In Ecuador, extensive oil spills in the Amazon have led to widespread hydrocarbon pollution, threatening ecosystems and posing health risks to nearby communities. Conventional remediation techniques are resource-intensive and may render soil unsuitable for future use. In contrast, mycoremediation-using fungi to degrade toxic contaminants-offers a sustainable alternative. White-rot fungi, known for their ligninolytic enzyme systems such as laccases and peroxidases, are capable of degrading a wide range of organic pollutants, including petroleum hydrocarbons. This study assessed the enzymatic activity of 16 fungal strains from the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota isolated in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Plate-based screening and quantitative laccase activity assays confirmed positive enzymatic activity in all strains. The five strains with the highest enzymatic activity were <i>Ganoderma</i> cf. <i>parvulum</i> QCAM7791, <i>Trametes menziesii</i> QCAM7783, <i>Trametes menziesii</i> QCAM7788, <i>Trametes menziesii</i> QCAM7790, and <i>Trametes meyenii</i> QCAM7785, which were selected for a 60-day soil microcosm experiment under controlled laboratory conditions. These strains removed over 96% of total petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated soil, demonstrating high biodegradation efficiency. These results highlight the promise of native fungal strains as bioremediation agents for petroleum-contaminated soils. Further studies should focus on evaluating their performance under field conditions and their potential integration into large-scale remediation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Epigenetic Modifiers Reveals MAPK-Mediated Regulation Mechanisms in Hadal Fungi of <i>Alternaria alternata</i> Under High Hydrostatic Pressure.","authors":"Qingqing Peng, Qifei Wei, Xi Yu","doi":"10.3390/jof11090650","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jof11090650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) significantly modulates microbial metabolism, while chemical epigenetic modifiers are known to reactivate silent biosynthetic gene clusters and induce novel natural products. However, the mechanisms by which these epigenetic modifiers regulate fungal responses under differential pressure conditions, and how such regulation affects natural product biosynthesis, remain completely unexplored. Here, we investigated the hadal fungus <i>Alternaria alternata</i> CIEL23 isolated from 7332 m sediments in the Mariana Trench under epigenetic modifier treatment with contrasting pressures (0.1 MPa vs. 40 MPa). Our results revealed that epigenetic perturbations and high pressure significantly altered fungal phenotypes, gene expression, and secondary metabolite composition. Transcriptome-level analysis of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms under epigenetic modifiers in both pressure conditions (0.1 MPa and 40 MPa) demonstrated that the addition of epigenetic modifiers regulated MAPK pathway-related gene expression in response to the environment stimuli. Under dual stress conditions, the IG, CWI, and HOG branches of the MAPK pathway showed significantly altered activity patterns. These changes were associated with differential the regulation of genes related to hyphal growth, cell wall remodeling, cell cycle progression, and osmolyte synthesis, suggesting the coordinated modulation of multiple cellular processes. These findings provide the mechanistic link between epigenetic modification induced HHP-response changes and regulation in hadal fungi. Our study not only advances understanding of hadal fungal response to dual stressors but also unlocks new possibilities for harnessing their stress-driven metabolic versatility for biotechnological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15878,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fungi","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}