Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Serological and molecular detection of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in cats in Europe with evaluation of associated risk factors for pathogen contact/infection.","authors":"Ingo Schäfer, Franka Binder, Katharina Kerner, Doris Breu, Elisabeth Müller","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241281223","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241281223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is an obligate intracellular coccidian pathogen, with domestic cats and other members of the Felidae family serving as its definitive hosts. The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for positive test results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A laboratory database was screened for <i>T gondii</i> PCR results from faecal samples and serology results (IgM, IgG) from serum/plasma taken from cats in Europe between January 2008 and December 2022. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with positive <i>T gondii</i> results, such as breed, age, sex, neuter status, regionality, seasonality, feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) status. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 45,523 cats were included: 14,500 (31.9%) tested positive by direct and/or indirect detection methods for <i>T gondii</i> (PCR: 126/7896 [1.6%], IgG: 14,148/37,882 [37.3%], IgM: 1539/37,882 [4.1%]). Age >5 years (IgG: OR 2.591, <i>P</i> <0.001; IgM: OR 1.954, <i>P</i> <0.001), European domestic shorthair cats/cross breeds (IgG: OR 3.848, <i>P</i> <0.001; IgM: OR 2.152, <i>P</i> <0.001), male sex (IgG: OR 1.134, <i>P</i> <0.001), neuter status in male (IgG: OR 0.536, <i>P</i> <0.001) and female cats (IgG: OR 0.577, <i>P</i> <0.001), FeLV antigen positivity (IgG: OR 1.358, <i>P</i> = 0.030) and FIV antibody positivity (IgG: OR 2.350, <i>P</i> <0.001; IgM: OR 2.650, <i>P</i> <0.001) significantly impacted the serological results. In PCR testing, neuter status had a significant impact in male (OR 2.455, <i>P</i> = 0.002) and female cats (OR 2.988, <i>P</i> <0.001). Serological and PCR results were significantly influenced by regionality for IgG (central: OR 1.454, <i>P</i> <0.001; north: OR 0.768, <i>P</i> <0.001; south: OR 0.526, <i>P</i> <0.001; east: OR 0.768, <i>P</i> <0.001; west: OR 0.709, <i>P</i> <0.001), IgM (central: OR 0.616, <i>P</i> <0.001; north: OR 1.456, <i>P</i> <0.001; south: OR 1.767, <i>P</i> <0.001; east: OR 1.456, <i>P</i> <0.001) and PCR testing (central: OR 0.460, <i>P</i> <0.001; north: OR 3.020, <i>P</i> = 0.002; east: OR 3.020, <i>P</i> = 0.002). Seasonality had a statistically significant impact on IgM (summer: OR 1.402, <i>P</i> <0.001; winter: OR 0.732, <i>P</i> <0.001) and PCR testing (autumn: OR 1.473, <i>P</i> = 0.038).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Breed, age, sex, neuter status, seasonality and regionality significantly impacted serological results. Neuter status, seasonality and regionality significantly impacted the PCR results. Immunosuppression (FeLV/FIV) had a significant impact on serological results. PCR-positive cats shed oocysts and spread infection to other susceptible hosts, including humans. Surveillance is therefore recommended, taking into consideration the associated risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 11","pages":"1098612X241281223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behaviors suggestive of pain: the perceptions and veterinary-related decisions of cat guardians in the USA.","authors":"Lori R Kogan, Jen Currin-McCulloch, Peter Hellyer","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241272885","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241272885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to assess cat guardians' concern levels and veterinary care decisions pertaining to behaviors that might signify pain before and after receiving brief pain-related educational information. The secondary aims were to evaluate cat guardians' perceptions of the usefulness of a modified version of the Colorado State University Feline Acute Pain Scale (CSU-FAPS) in identifying their cat's pain level, determining if they should take their cat to the veterinarian and describing their cat's pain to their veterinarian.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were recruited through Prolific. An electronic survey was created in Qualtrics and distributed via a link offered in Prolific.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 362 surveys were completed by participants who resided in the USA and were the primary caretaker of at least one cat. Significant differences between participants' concern levels before and after pain-related educational information were found for two of the three scenarios. Significant differences were found between participants' veterinary-related behavior choices before and after pain-related educational information for all three scenarios. The most common reasons for not seeking immediate veterinary care included elements related to cost and stress for guardian and cat during veterinary visits. The majority of participants reported finding the CSU-FAPS useful for identifying their cat's pain level (90%), determining if they should take their cat to the veterinarian (86%) and describing their cat's pain to their veterinarian (92%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Guardians' interpretations of and subsequent actions to behaviors that might suggest pain carry great implications for feline health and wellbeing. After exposure to brief pain-related educational material, guardians in our study reported significant increases in stated concern related to their cat's change in behavior and intention to seek veterinary care. These findings suggest that even very brief pain-related educational material can have a positive impact on cat guardians' perceptions of feline behavior changes and increase the possibility they obtain appropriate veterinary care.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 10","pages":"1098612X241272885"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11468324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the sedative properties of oral trazodone, gabapentin or their combination in healthy cats.","authors":"Laura E Tucker, Andrea Sanchez, Alexander Valverde, Shauna Blois, Gabrielle Monteith, Pamela Longworth, Alison Downie, Yu Gu, Ron Johnson","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241281481","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241281481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sedation before veterinary visits is advocated to help reduce fear and anxiety in cats and facilitate safe handling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of trazodone, gabapentin and a trazodone/gabapentin combination for oral sedation in healthy feline patients before blood donation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 21 cats were included in the study. Baseline sedation scores were obtained, and cats were randomly assigned to receive oral trazodone at 5 mg/kg (T), oral gabapentin at 10 mg/kg (G), their combination (TG) or placebo (control group). A sedation score was obtained 1 h after drug administration. A blood sample was obtained at the time of blood collection for quantification of drug plasma concentrations. Agreement between observers was tested with a Cohen's Kappa test. Sign tests to compare change within treatment and a Skilling-Mack rank ANOVA to test for differences between groups were performed to compare pre- and post-sedation scores as well as a magnitude of differences over time between the groups. A Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test was used to correlate sedation scores with drug plasma concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-sedation final scores were significantly higher only in the T (<i>P</i> = 0.022) and TG groups (<i>P</i> <0.001). The magnitude of change between pre- and post-sedation scores was larger in the TG (<i>P</i> <0.0032) and T groups (<i>P</i> <0.038) compared with the control group. There were no other significant differences between the groups. There was no correlation between drug plasma concentrations and sedation scores in any of the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Administration of oral trazodone alone at 5 mg/kg or in combination with gabapentin at 10 mg/kg resulted in significant sedation in healthy cats with no evident side effects. The degree of sedation was more profound when both drugs were combined, but a gabapentin dose of 10 mg/kg alone failed to provide significant sedation in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 10","pages":"1098612X241281481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating heart rate variability by a novel stethoscopic approach to minimise stress in cats.","authors":"Chi-Ru Chen, Wei-Tao Chang, Hui-Wen Chen, Huey-Dong Wu, Olivia F Hsieh, Chung-Hui Lin","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241275296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X241275296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Stress associated with manipulation during electrocardiography (ECG) recording in cats potentially limits the assessment of autonomic function through heart rate variability (HRV) in the feline population. This study proposed an alternative, cat friendly, stethoscopic approach to evaluate HRV with an easily acquired vasovagal tonus index (VVTI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate whether VVTI derived from heart sound signals could distinguish between relaxed and stimulated states. A total of 29 cats with 56 recordings of heart sound and ECG on 31 occasions were included. In 25 cats in their home environment, a stethoscope connected to a digital recording device was used to record 2 mins of heart sounds twice - with the cats in a relaxed state and immediately after stimulation. The VVTI was calculated from 20, 60 and 120 consecutive beat-to-beat intervals on the heart sound spectrogram (stethoscopic-VVTI 20, 60 and 120), using the natural logarithm of the variance of the intervals based on previous literature. A 2-min ECG recording was obtained at home with the intention of avoiding strict restraint. To demonstrate the feasibility of the stethoscopic approach in a hospital setting, six cats (two of which were also recorded at home) underwent heart sound and ECG recordings during planned veterinary visits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stethoscopic-VVTI 20 (5.43 to 4.79, <i>P</i> = 0.001), 60 (6.20 to 5.18, <i>P</i> <0.001) and 120 (6.24 to 5.60, <i>P</i> = 0.02) all significantly decreased after stimulation, indicating a reduced vasovagal tone as expected. Calculations of stethoscopic-VVTI from different sections of the recording yielded statistically similar results. Stethoscopic-VVTI showed a negative correlation with the corresponding heart rate. Bland-Altman analysis revealed a mean bias for the differences between stethoscopic-VVTI and ECG-VVTI of 0.50 and 1.07 at home and in the hospital, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>VVTI can be successfully detected through a stethoscopic approach, serving as a less stressful tool for HRV evaluation in cats during routine auscultation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 10","pages":"1098612X241275296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11468602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical features of tularemia in cats: a retrospective study from 2000 to 2021.","authors":"Hoda Nikpour, Chien-Che Hung, Saraswathi Lanka, Anne M Barger, Jennifer M Reinhart","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241275295","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241275295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical features of cats diagnosed with tularemia, and to compare the clinical features of cats with and without tularemia and identify characteristics increasing the likelihood of a tularemia diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Diagnostic laboratory data and medical records were retrospectively reviewed of cats tested for tularemia between 2000 and 2021. Clinical features including signalment, presenting complaint(s), physical examination findings and clinicopathologic data were described for cats with tularemia diagnosed by culture and/or PCR. Clinical features were also compared between PCR+ vs PCR- cats and logistic regression was used to identify features that predicted PCR+ status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 18 cats were diagnosed with tularemia. The affected cats had a mean age of 5.8 ± 4.9 years, with a slight male predominance. Most were domestic shorthair cats and had outdoor access. Common presenting complaints included lethargy and anorexia, while physical examination findings frequently revealed fever, peripheral lymphadenomegaly and oral ulcers. Laboratory findings varied, with notable abnormalities including neutrophilic inflammation observed on cytology and widespread acute systemic pathologic changes in necropsy results. Leukopenia and neutropenia were more common in PCR+ vs PCR- cats, and these factors were 7.4 times (confidence interval [CI] 1.2-62.3) and 10.0 times (CI 1.4-83.2) more likely to occur in PCR+ vs PCR- cats, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups in other parameters including anemia, thrombocytopenia, band neutrophilia and hyperbilirubinemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This study provides a more comprehensive description of tularemia in cats than has been available to date. In particular, leukopenia and neutropenia are significantly associated with tularemia-positive cats. These clinical features should be considered and raise suspicion for tularemia in cats. These findings may be valuable for the timely diagnosis, treatment and prevention of tularemia outbreaks in cats and humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 10","pages":"1098612X241275295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atrial septal pouch in cats: first report on interatrial septum anatomical variations.","authors":"Izabela Janus-Ziółkowska, Joanna Bubak, Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241275259","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241275259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The atrial septal pouch was first recognised in humans in 2006 and, since 2010, has been described in more detail. The first reports on the left-sided atrial septal pouch linked its occurrence with a higher risk of thromboembolic stroke resulting from left atrial thrombus formation. However, subsequent studies have challenged this theory; therefore, the consequences of septal pouch occurrence remain disputed. Currently, in veterinary species, septal pouch occurrence and morphology have been described in sheep and pigs, showing species-related differences. No studies have been conducted on cats. As cats show a species-related risk of aortic thromboembolic disease resulting from left atrial thrombus formation, we aimed to describe the interatrial septum anatomical variations as the first step in the investigation of the relationship between the septal pouch presence and left atrial thrombus formation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted on hearts collected post mortem from 80 cats. After formalin fixation and dissection, a detailed anatomical description of the interatrial septum for all cases was followed by a histopathological analysis of the heart in 25 cases. After dissection, the specimens were embedded in paraffin blocks and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Masson-Goldner trichrome, Picrosirius Red and Movat pentachrome in a routine manner and evaluated via light microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study showed a very high prevalence (95%) of the left-sided septal pouch in cats with a lower incidence (29%) of the right-sided septal pouch. We noted a high morphological variety of the left-sided septal pouch and described anatomical variants not previously reported in the literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The septal pouch is a common anatomical variation of the interatrial septum in cats. Although, based on the current study, we cannot draw further conclusions on the relationship between the left-sided septal pouch and thromboembolic events in cats, the high prevalence of this anatomical entity points to a need of further studies on the topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 10","pages":"1098612X241275259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of oral AB070597 for the management of chronic kidney disease in cats: a prospective, randomised, controlled parallel-group study.","authors":"Naoki Tsunekawa, Masahiko Sato","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241275249","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241275249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>It has been reported that AB070597, which contains amino acids and peptides, may prevent the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AB070597 on CKD in International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 2 or 3 cats compared with a placebo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, randomised, controlled parallel-group study was conducted on 35 cats with CKD. The cats were randomly allocated to receive 300 mg of AB070597 or placebo for 180 days, and cats were re-examined every 30 days. Changes in the results were compared from baseline to endpoint in each group, and the efficacy of AB070597 in cats with CKD was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 35 cats met the inclusion criteria, of which 20 received AB070597 and 15 received a placebo. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre) and phosphorus levels increased significantly in the placebo group at 180 days compared with those at baseline, 30 days and 60 days, whereas these values were not significantly changed in the AB070597 group during the study period. The IRIS stage was also stable in cats with AB070597 from the baseline to the end of the study, whereas the IRIS stage progressed from stage 2 to stage 3 in 26% of cats with placebo. Body weight did not change significantly in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The administration of AB070597 in cats with CKD may be effective in preventing CKD progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 10","pages":"1098612X241275249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of training on Feline Grimace Scale scoring for acute pain assessment in cats.","authors":"Alexandra R Robinson, Paulo V Steagall","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241275284","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241275284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to determine the effects of training on inter-rater reliability and agreement of Feline Grimace Scale (FGS) scoring by small animal practitioners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven small animal veterinarians were asked to score a total of 50 images of cats in varying degrees of pain before and after training in FGS scoring. Participant scores were compared with those of an expert rater. Inter-rater reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) before and after training (ICC <0.50 = poor reliability, 0.50-0.75 = moderate reliability, 0.76-0.90 = good reliability and >0.90 = excellent reliability). The Bland-Altman method was used to analyze the limits of agreement (LoAs) and bias between participants and the expert rater.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After training, the ICC classification improved for each action unit (ear position, orbital tightening, muzzle tension, whiskers change and head position). The inter-rater reliability for the total FGS ratio scores before and after the FGS training session was moderate (ICC = 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66-0.83) and good (ICC = 0.80; 95% CI 0.73-0.87), respectively. Before training, LoAs were -0.277 to 0.310 with a bias of 0.016. After training, LoAs were -0.237 to 0.255 with a bias of 0.008. The bias was low (<0.1) both before and after training and LoAs did not span the FGS analgesic threshold (0.39).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Training in FGS scoring improved inter-rater reliability and agreement among seven small animal veterinarians and the veterinarians' skills in pain assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 10","pages":"1098612X241275284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid function tests in healthy kittens aged between 2 and 16 weeks.","authors":"Christina L Marino, Timothy A Bolton, Margret L Casal","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241275262","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241275262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine thyroid hormone concentrations in a cohort of healthy kittens due to the paucity of information in the literature, and the potential for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) to contribute to fading kitten syndrome (FKS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The serum concentrations of total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (fT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured in 19 healthy kittens aged 2-16 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean TT4, fT4, TT3 and fT3 concentrations significantly differed across age groups. Mean TT4 and fT4 concentrations peaked at 6 and 5 weeks of age, respectively. The TT4 concentration exceeded the adult cat reference interval (ACRI) in 54% (32/59) of samples at week 6, with the highest TT4 concentration being 7.1 µg/dl (91 nmol/l). Mean TT3 and fT3 concentrations also peaked at 6 weeks of age. Mean TT3 concentration started below the ACRI until 4 weeks of age, after which it remained within the ACRI. The mean fT3 concentration was within the ACRI at all ages. The mean TSH concentration did not differ across age groups and remained within the ACRI in nearly 100% of samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Peak TT4, fT4, TT3 and fT3 concentrations in healthy kittens at 5 and 6 weeks of age are likely due to changes in the maternal transfer of thyroid hormones after weaning and organ system development. Knowing healthy neonatal and pediatric thyroid hormone concentrations in a cohort of kittens might help a veterinarian interpret thyroid hormone levels when trying to rule out CH in a kitten with FKS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 10","pages":"1098612X241275262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of ultrasonographic diaphragmatic parameters in distinguishing diaphragmatic dysfunction in cats.","authors":"Phasamon Saisawart, Somchin Sutthigran, Tanya Kasemsuwan, Run Sakulsirajit, Sukullaya Ritthikulprasert, Kittipong Tachampa, Chutimon Thanaboonnipat, Nan Choisunirachon","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241275290","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241275290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Diaphragmatic dysfunction (DD) is often underdiagnosed in veterinary medicine. Various ultrasonographic diaphragmatic parameters, including diaphragmatic excursion (DE), diaphragmatic thickness (Tdi) and diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF), can be used to identify DD. We aimed to establish normal reference intervals in healthy cats, examine the effects of intrinsic factors on diaphragmatic parameters and evaluate the efficacy of these parameters in identifying DD in healthy and diseased cats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective observational study was conducted on 22 healthy cats and 12 diseased cats using ultrasonographic techniques to evaluate DE, Tdi and DTF. The correlation between diaphragmatic parameters and intrinsic factors, including sex, age, body weight and body condition score, was analysed using Pearson correlation analysis. Cut-off values for healthy and diseased cats were established using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean DEs of the left and right hemidiaphragms were 0.66 ± 0.16 and 0.64 ± 0.18 cm, respectively. The mean Tdis in the end-inspiration phase were 0.13 ± 0.03 and 0.12 ± 0.03 cm for the left and right hemidiaphragms, respectively, whereas in the end-expiration phase the mean Tdi was 0.07 ± 0.03 cm for both hemidiaphragms. The DTF ranges for the left and right hemidiaphragms were 23.90-122.1% and 38.80-107%, respectively. Intrinsic factors had no significant impact on DE, Tdi and DTF. The DE measurements for the left hemidiaphragm were more accurate for evaluating diaphragmatic function. To distinguish between healthy and diseased cats, the cut-off value, sensitivity and specificity were 0.458 cm (area under the curve [AUC] 0.846), 75.00% and 86.36%, respectively, for the left hemidiaphragm and 0.423 cm (AUC 0.704), 41.67% and 100%, respectively, for the right hemidiaphragm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Normal reference values for DE, Tdi and DTF were established for healthy cats. DE, particularly in the left hemidiaphragm, obtained using routine ultrasonography, improves the efficacy of identifying DD and assists clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of cats with cardiorespiratory disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 10","pages":"1098612X241275290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}