Ingo Schäfer, Franka Binder, Katharina Kerner, Doris Breu, Elisabeth Müller
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objectives: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular coccidian pathogen, with domestic cats and other members of the Felidae family serving as its definitive hosts. The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for positive test results.
Methods: A laboratory database was screened for T gondii PCR results from faecal samples and serology results (IgM, IgG) from serum/plasma taken from cats in Europe between January 2008 and December 2022. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with positive T gondii results, such as breed, age, sex, neuter status, regionality, seasonality, feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) status. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.
Results: A total of 45,523 cats were included: 14,500 (31.9%) tested positive by direct and/or indirect detection methods for T gondii (PCR: 126/7896 [1.6%], IgG: 14,148/37,882 [37.3%], IgM: 1539/37,882 [4.1%]). Age >5 years (IgG: OR 2.591, P <0.001; IgM: OR 1.954, P <0.001), European domestic shorthair cats/cross breeds (IgG: OR 3.848, P <0.001; IgM: OR 2.152, P <0.001), male sex (IgG: OR 1.134, P <0.001), neuter status in male (IgG: OR 0.536, P <0.001) and female cats (IgG: OR 0.577, P <0.001), FeLV antigen positivity (IgG: OR 1.358, P = 0.030) and FIV antibody positivity (IgG: OR 2.350, P <0.001; IgM: OR 2.650, P <0.001) significantly impacted the serological results. In PCR testing, neuter status had a significant impact in male (OR 2.455, P = 0.002) and female cats (OR 2.988, P <0.001). Serological and PCR results were significantly influenced by regionality for IgG (central: OR 1.454, P <0.001; north: OR 0.768, P <0.001; south: OR 0.526, P <0.001; east: OR 0.768, P <0.001; west: OR 0.709, P <0.001), IgM (central: OR 0.616, P <0.001; north: OR 1.456, P <0.001; south: OR 1.767, P <0.001; east: OR 1.456, P <0.001) and PCR testing (central: OR 0.460, P <0.001; north: OR 3.020, P = 0.002; east: OR 3.020, P = 0.002). Seasonality had a statistically significant impact on IgM (summer: OR 1.402, P <0.001; winter: OR 0.732, P <0.001) and PCR testing (autumn: OR 1.473, P = 0.038).
Conclusions and relevance: Breed, age, sex, neuter status, seasonality and regionality significantly impacted serological results. Neuter status, seasonality and regionality significantly impacted the PCR results. Immunosuppression (FeLV/FIV) had a significant impact on serological results. PCR-positive cats shed oocysts and spread infection to other susceptible hosts, including humans. Surveillance is therefore recommended, taking into consideration the associated risk factors.
目的：弓形虫是一种细胞内球虫病原体，家猫和猫科动物是其最终宿主。本研究旨在确定检测结果呈阳性的风险因素：方法：在实验室数据库中筛选了 2008 年 1 月至 2022 年 12 月期间欧洲猫粪便样本中的淋球菌 PCR 结果和血清/血浆中的血清学结果（IgM、IgG）。我们进行了逻辑回归分析，以确定与 T gondii 阳性结果相关的风险因素，如品种、年龄、性别、绝育状况、地区性、季节性、猫白血病病毒 (FeLV) 和猫免疫缺陷病毒 (FIV) 状况。计算出了几率比（ORs）：结果：共纳入 45,523 只猫：其中 14,500 只（31.9%）通过直接和/或间接检测方法检测出淋球菌呈阳性（PCR：126/7896 [1.6%]；IgG：14,148/37,882 [37.3%]；IgM：1539/37,882 [4.1%]）。年龄大于 5 岁（IgG：OR 2.591，P P P P P P P P = 0.030）和 FIV 抗体阳性（IgG：OR 2.350，P P P P = 0.002）以及雌猫（OR 2.988，P P P P P P P P P P P P = 0.002；东猫：OR 3.020，P = 0.002）。季节对 IgM 有显著的统计学影响（夏季：OR 1.402，P P = 0.038）：犬种、年龄、性别、绝育状况、季节性和地区性对血清学结果有显著影响。绝育状态、季节性和地区性对 PCR 结果有明显影响。免疫抑制（FeLV/FIV）对血清学结果有重大影响。PCR 阳性的猫会脱落卵囊，并将感染传播给其他易感宿主，包括人类。因此，建议在考虑到相关风险因素的情况下进行监测。
期刊介绍：
JFMS is an international, peer-reviewed journal aimed at both practitioners and researchers with an interest in the clinical veterinary healthcare of domestic cats. The journal is published monthly in two formats: ‘Classic’ editions containing high-quality original papers on all aspects of feline medicine and surgery, including basic research relevant to clinical practice; and dedicated ‘Clinical Practice’ editions primarily containing opinionated review articles providing state-of-the-art information for feline clinicians, along with other relevant articles such as consensus guidelines.
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