Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Immunohistochemical evaluation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in feline nasal malignant epithelial tumours.","authors":"Nicolas Diop, Aude M Canonne, Hélène Huet, Edouard Reyes-Gomez, Jérémy Béguin","doi":"10.1177/1098612X251314336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X251314336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesCyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a pivotal enzyme in the cyclooxygenase family, plays a critical role in carcinogenesis. While its expression is well documented in various neoplasms in humans and dogs, data on COX-2 expression in feline neoplasms, particularly nasal malignant epithelial tumours, is limited. This study aimed to evaluate COX-2 expression in feline nasal malignant epithelial tumours through immunohistochemistry. We hypothesised that these tumours would exhibit COX-2 expression, consistent with findings in humans and dogs.MethodsFormalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy samples from feline nasal malignant epithelial tumours were retrospectively analysed for COX-2 expression by immunohistochemistry. Biopsies from cats previously treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were excluded. Immunohistochemistry was performed with a monoclonal rabbit antibody, with feline renal macula densa cells serving as the positive control. The immunoreactive score (IRS) combined a semiquantitative estimation of immunolabelled neoplastic cells with labelling intensity. Scores in the range of 0-1 were classified as negative, 2-3 as low, 4-8 as intermediate and greater than 8 as high COX-2 expression levels.ResultsA total of 18 feline nasal biopsies (nine adenocarcinomas, seven carcinomas, one squamous cell carcinoma and one mucinous carcinoma) were included. Clinical signs included nasal discharge, sneezing, epistaxis and inspiratory dyspnoea. COX-2 expression was not detected in any case (IRS = 0). Follow-up data were available for 7/18 cats. The overall median survival time after diagnosis in our cohort was 667 days (range 0-1642).Conclusions and relevanceIn contrast to canine nasal malignant epithelial tumours, COX-2 expression was not observed in feline nasal malignant epithelial tumours. These results suggest species-specific differences in COX-2 expression in nasal malignant epithelial tumours. Further studies evaluating other carcinogenesis pathways, such as vascular endothelial growth factor or platelet-derived growth factor, seem crucial to better understand feline nasal malignant epithelial tumours and to improve their therapeutic management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 6","pages":"1098612X251314336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective study of biochemical profile changes in 93 cats with different hepatobiliary diseases.","authors":"Athena Kam, Jill E Maddison, Balazs Szladovits","doi":"10.1177/1098612X251335202","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X251335202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesThis study aims to assess hepatic clinicopathological changes in cats with different hepatobiliary diseases and to assess whether specific serum biochemistry changes can help differentiate these diseases.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on serum biochemistry data from 93 cats with hepatobiliary diseases and 80 control cats. Of the 93 cats with definitive diagnoses of hepatobiliary diseases, 22 had cholangitis, 14 had hepatic lipidosis, 18 had primary hepatic neoplasia confirmed via Tru-cut or laparotomic wedge biopsy and 39 had congenital portosystemic shunting (CPSS) confirmed by abdominal ultrasound. The biomarkers analysed were alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl-transferase (GGT), total bilirubin and albumin.ResultsCats with hepatobiliary disease had significantly higher enzyme activities, total bilirubin concentrations and lower albumin concentrations compared with controls (<i>P</i> <0.01). Comparison between diseases showed that there were no differences in hepatobiliary biomarkers between cholangitis and neoplasia, despite cholangitis being an abnormality of bile ductules and neoplasia affecting hepatic parenchymal cells. GGT activities in cats with hepatic lipidosis showed no difference compared with controls. A significant increase in ALP activity was observed in CPSS cases (<i>P</i> <0.01); however, this difference disappeared when the analysis was restricted to age-matched controls.Conclusions and relevanceThis study provides the most recent corroboration of previous findings on clinical pathology changes in feline hepatobiliary disease, supporting research conducted over a decade ago with new data from a different geographical location. For example, the observation that a significant increase in ALP without an increase in GGT is highly suggestive of hepatic lipidosis, aligning with findings from a 1993 study conducted in North America. In addition, this study reinforced the importance of serum biochemistry as a useful tool in differentiating cats with hepatobiliary disease from those without; however, it also reaffirmed previous conclusions that serum biochemistry alone is insufficient for a definitive diagnosis, which instead must be based on a combination of patient history, clinical signs and ancillary diagnostic tests, such as ultrasound and tissue biopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 6","pages":"1098612X251335202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12141792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse events after fecal microbiota transplantation in nine cats: a case series.","authors":"Mary Ann Lee, Tanner Slead, Jan Suchodolski, M Katherine Tolbert, Sina Marsilio","doi":"10.1177/1098612X251337274","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X251337274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case series describes nine cases of fecal microbiota transplantation in cats and associated adverse events (AEs) from two tertiary referral hospitals. AEs were graded according to criteria established by the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (VCOG-CTCAE v2) for clinical trials. Cats received 5-6 g/kg donor feces 2-6 times for chronic enteropathy (n = 4) or therapy-resistant diarrhea (n = 5). AEs included lethargy (n = 7), vomiting (n = 5), diarrhea (n = 5), weight loss (n = 5), inappetence (n = 5), dehydration (n = 5), abdominal pain (n = 2), gastroenterocolitis based on ultrasound (n = 2) and anorexia (n = 1). Temperatures of up to 103.4°F were noted but did not meet the criteria for AEs (>103.5°F). Cats responded to antimicrobials (metronidazole, marbofloxacin), anthelmintics (fenbendazole), supportive care with fluids, ondansetron and mirtazapine (n = 5), gabapentin (n = 2), pradofloxacin (n = 1) or self-resolved (n = 1). Positive response to fecal microbiota transplantation for the presenting complaint was seen in eight cats (seven complete, one partial and transient).Relevance and novel informationFecal microbiota transplantation is increasing in usage among companion animals. Fecal microbiota transplantations in cats have been rarely described in the literature as have AEs after administration. This case series represents the first description of AEs after fecal microbiota transplantation in cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 5","pages":"1098612X251337274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluntary acceptance of nutrient-enriched water supplement and promotion of water intake in clinically dehydrated cats.","authors":"Maria Peralta, Amy Nichelason, Lauren Trepanier","doi":"10.1177/1098612X251334279","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X251334279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesThe aim of this prospective observational study was to quantitate voluntary consumption of a nutrient-enriched water (NW) supplement and assess any improvements in serum biochemical values, clinical hydration assessments or quality of life (QoL) parameters in clinically dehydrated feline patients.MethodsA total of 13 stable, clinically dehydrated pet cats, for which outpatient management was deemed clinically appropriate by the attending veterinarian, completed the study between May and December 2023. Cats were offered NW based on body weight, along with ad libitum water. Fluid intake was measured, and changes in blood urea nitrogen and other biochemical measures of hydration, body weight, clinical hydration and owner-perceived QoL) survey scores were assessed at baseline and at 48 h.ResultsVoluntary NW intake (median 38.9 ml/kg/day) was significantly higher than ad libitum drinking water consumption (13.7 ml/kg/day; <i>P</i> = 0.005). Owners perceived the NW to be well accepted by their cats. Cats had a median total fluid intake of 47.2 ml/kg/day and every participating cat exceeded a target total fluid intake of 30 ml/kg/day. There were no changes in biochemical markers or body weight over 48 h of NW intake. Clinical assessments of hydration significantly improved (<i>P</i> <0.004), as did owner-perceived QoL (<i>P</i> = 0.001).Conclusions and relevanceClinically dehydrated pet cats voluntarily accepted the NW and consumed more NW than water. Median NW intake exceeded commonly prescribed feline subcutaneous fluid doses of 20 ml/kg/day, and both clinical hydration and owner-perceived QoL improved over the study duration. NW provides a well-tolerated, low-stress and voluntarily accepted method to promote fluid intake in feline patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 5","pages":"1098612X251334279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12089729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundoscopy in cats: a practical guide and common findings.","authors":"Natalia Giannakopoulou, Ben Blacklock","doi":"10.1177/1098612X251338463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X251338463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Practical relevance: </strong>Comprehensive examination of the feline fundus should be in every clinician's arsenal. It is an integral part of both the physical and ophthalmic examination, especially in senior cats and in the presence of intraocular inflammation and visual impairment. Fundoscopy provides critical insight into a wide range of systemic diseases, often leading to quicker diagnoses and better treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Clinical challenges: </strong>Practice is needed to become proficient and take high-quality photos of the retina. Distinguishing between normal variants and pathological findings can be challenging initially.</p><p><strong>Evidence base: </strong>This review includes information from published references of common retinal pathologies in cats, as well as the authors' extensive experience on performing fundoscopy.</p><p><strong>Equipment: </strong>The essential tools for fundoscopy include a direct and indirect ophthalmoscope, condensing lens and a focal light source. High-quality images of the fundus can be achieved with any smartphone.</p><p><strong>Audience: </strong>This review is aimed at veterinary clinicians and outlines all the steps and equipment needed to confidently perform fundoscopy. It also provides tips on how to capture photos of the fundus using a smartphone. Common findings are discussed in relation to different retinal pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 5","pages":"1098612X251338463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of oral remdesivir in treating feline infectious peritonitis: a prospective observational study of 29 cats.","authors":"Kelsey Ann Renner, Ryan Cattin, Benjamin Kimble, John Munday, Alex White, Sally Coggins","doi":"10.1177/1098612X251335189","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X251335189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesThe primary aim of this prospective observational study was to document clinical progression, survival, remission and relapse in New Zealand cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) that were treated with compounded oral remdesivir with or without initial parenteral remdesivir therapy. The secondary aims were to determine the optimal monitoring protocols and report the adverse effects of treatment and complications associated with FIP.MethodsA total of 29 client-owned cats with a clinical diagnosis of FIP were prospectively recruited. Cats were administered oral remdesivir (30 mg/kg q24h), rounded up to the nearest capsule size as the sole treatment, or after initial parenteral remdesivir (15-30 mg/kg q24h). Rechecks were recommended at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 during treatment, and at 2 and 12 weeks after treatment. A full physical examination (including neurological and ophthalmic examination) and point-of-care ultrasound were performed at each recheck. A complete blood count and biochemistry panel were performed at weeks 4, 8, 12 and 24. Molnupiravir was offered as a rescue therapy for cats that relapsed.ResultsIn total, 25 (86%) cats entered remission and survived beyond 6 months (range 6-27). A total of 22 (75%) cats achieved remission within 84 days while receiving oral remdesivir. Three cats received subsequent molnupiravir rescue therapy to achieve remission. Five cats (20%) experienced relapse: four with non-effusive disease and one with effusive disease. Notably, 4/8 (50%) non-effusive cases relapsed, compared with only 1/20 (5%) with effusive disease.Conclusions and relevanceThis study demonstrates that oral remdesivir at a dose rate of 30 mg/kg q24h is an effective treatment for effusive FIP. The survival rate in non-effusive cats was significantly lower; therefore, an increased dose rate or frequency of administration should be considered in these cats. Oral remdesivir is a viable antiviral option where GS-441524 is unavailable.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 5","pages":"1098612X251335189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective review of outcome following medical management of a congenital portosystemic shunt in 10 cats.","authors":"Victoria Lipscomb, Flora Anghileri-Jarman, Samantha Taylor","doi":"10.1177/1098612X251334086","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X251334086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Case series summaryThe objective of this case series was to describe the survival, cause of death, clinical signs and long-term quality of life (QoL) of cats treated medically for a congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS). Signalment, clinical signs, imaging, medical management and reason for not pursuing surgical treatment were obtained using medical records from two referral centres. Long-term outcome was obtained using a health-related quality of life (HRQoL) owner questionnaire. A total of 10 owners completed a HRQoL questionnaire that included frequency of clinical signs relating to having a shunt, QoL, behaviour, improvement in body condition score (BCS), and date and cause of death (where applicable). Five (50%) cats died or were euthanased because of their shunt. The median follow-up time for all 10 cats (from birth to death or questionnaire completion if still alive) was 26.5 months (range 8 months to 15 years). The mean CPSS score was 30/124 (range 13-57) and all cats medically treated for their CPSS had ongoing clinical signs. QoL scores and BCS were assessed as improved by eight (80%) and nine (90%) owners, respectively, following medical management of a CPSS.Relevance and novel informationThis is the first case series description of cats managed medically for a CPSS, which demonstrates that all cats medically treated for a CPSS had ongoing clinical signs in the long term, albeit with improved QoL, and that half of cats treated medically can be expected to die because of their shunt. Although this study adds to the current body of knowledge of CPSS management in cats, ongoing research should be conducted to increase the sample size and compare long-term CPSS and QoL scores in healthy cats to groups of cats treated either medically or surgically for a CPSS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 5","pages":"1098612X251334086"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12089725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of outcomes in feline intermediate- to large-cell lymphoma treated with CMOP (cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine and prednisolone) instead of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone).","authors":"Nicholas A Lai, Sandra M Nguyen, Johanna E Todd, Veronika Langova, Spela Bavcar, John E Blaxill, Sonya Yu, Joanna D White","doi":"10.1177/1098612X251335635","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X251335635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the response rate, progression-free interval (PFI), survival time (ST) and adverse events in cats treated with cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine and prednisolone (CMOP) vs cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (CHOP) for intermediate- to large-cell feline lymphoma.MethodsMedical records of cats treated for intermediate- to large-cell lymphoma between 2015 and 2023 from three referral institutions within the larger Sydney metropolitan area were retrospectively reviewed. Cats were included if they had a confirmed diagnosis of intermediate- to large-cell lymphoma and had received either a CMOP or CHOP protocol as a first-line treatment. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine if PFI or ST differed significantly between treatment groups. A multivariate analysis was also conducted to determine whether differences in prognostic factors between the groups may have biased outcomes.ResultsA total of 123 cats were enrolled, with 41 cats in the CMOP group and 82 cats in the CHOP group. No significant differences were identified between the response rates (66% in both groups), median PFI (CMOP 69 days, CHOP 59 days) and median ST (CMOP 103 days, CHOP 80 days) of cats treated with CMOP instead of CHOP.Conclusions and relevanceCMOP is a well-tolerated and suitable substitute for CHOP for feline intermediate- to large-cell lymphoma. It is logistically easier to administer as it can be given as an intravenous bolus and carries less risk of catastrophic extravasation injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 5","pages":"1098612X251335635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary detection of haemoplasma in Thai cat blood samples using universal primers: identifying '<i>Candidatus</i> Mycoplasma haemominutum' and closely related species.","authors":"Thuong Thi Huyen Bui, Kritsada Thongmeesee, Wittawat Wechtaisong, Sonthaya Tiawsirisup","doi":"10.1177/1098612X251335211","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X251335211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesThis study examined feline haemoplasmas (<i>Mycoplasma haemofelis</i>, '<i>Candidatus</i> Mycoplasma haemominutum' [<i>C</i>Mhm] and '<i>Candidatus</i> Mycoplasma turicensis') infecting Thai domestic cats, using the 16S and 23S rRNA genes as genetic markers.MethodsBlood samples from 20 cats were obtained from a diagnostic laboratory and nucleic acids were extracted from each sample using a commercial kit. PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene was used to screen haemoplasmas in the samples. Positive PCR samples were further sequenced using the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. The sequences from each genetic marker were analysed using Nucleotide BLAST, phylogeny and genetic network analyses.ResultsAmong the 20 samples, five were infected with haemoplasmas. In the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, four sequences were assigned to <i>C</i>Mhm and the remaining sequence was likely to be a closely related species of <i>C</i>Mhm. In the 23S rRNA gene sequencing, four sequences from the same samples used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing were identified as <i>C</i>Mhm and one sequence could be a putative novel haemoplasma species closely related to <i>C</i>Mhm.Conclusions and relevanceOnly <i>C</i>Mhm and its closely related species were identified in this study. Although <i>C</i>Mhm has been recognised as a low-virulence parasite, cases of severe anaemia in cats infected with <i>C</i>Mhm have been found. Thus, such cases could be confirmed via the analysis of 16S and 23S rRNA genes. Furthermore, molecular detection and genetic analyses of feline haemoplasmas in additional cat blood samples should be conducted using PCR assay and DNA sequencing based on universal primers of 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes to enable more specific identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 5","pages":"1098612X251335211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12120280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-rise syndrome in cats (part 1): epidemiology and risk factors.","authors":"Mario Candela Andrade, Pavel Slunsky, Annica Nerlich, Matias Aguilera-Rojas, Leo Brunnberg","doi":"10.1177/1098612X251334091","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X251334091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesHigh-rise syndrome (HRS) is one of the most common causes of trauma in cats; however, significant inconsistencies remain in the literature regarding the relationship between fall height and injury severity, as well as epidemiological patterns, including seasonal variations and architectural risk factors. Given these discrepancies, the aim of the present two-part study was to analyse a substantial population of cats to clarify these unresolved questions, providing a comprehensive assessment of injury patterns, survival rates and risk factors associated with feline high-rise falls.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included 1125 cases of cats treated for HRS at the Freie Universität Berlin's small animal clinic between 2004 and 2013. Eligible cases involved cats falling from at least the second floor of new buildings or the first floor of older buildings. Collected data encompassed breed, sex, age, weight, timing of accident, prior treatment, fall height, impact surface and environmental factors. The first part of this study focuses on epidemiological patterns and risk factors, while the second will analyse injury severity correlations.ResultsEuropean Shorthair cats accounted for 82% of cases, with an average age of 2.3 years and an average weight of 4.1 kg. Falls were evenly distributed between sexes. Seasonal peaks occurred in summer (77%) and most incidents took place at night (62.1%). The average fall height was in the range of 8-15 m, with the majority of cats landing on hard surfaces (74.2%). Repeat incidents (two separate falls) were documented in 1.4% of cases.Conclusions and relevanceThis study, with the largest sample of feline HRS cases, highlights the influence of seasonal, temporal and environmental factors on fall risks. The findings offer a critical basis for preventive strategies, including owner education, use of window barriers and prompt veterinary care, to mitigate the incidence and severity of HRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 5","pages":"1098612X251334091"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}